The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventi...The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventional monitoring method (According to ISIR (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), 1053 and 4208) and use of electronic system method (Patent in industrial property general office of Iran, 77815). Free chlorine monitoring and pH test done by health workers in the conventional method and the results will be sent to the Health Network monthly. Sampling for microbiological testing is done monthly based on population (According to ISIR, 4208). On the electronic system, the procedure is also done by health workers, but the result will be sent to the receiver device by using a cell phone. According to the chlorine test results if the free chlorine residual reported zero, microbiological sampling was done by a health expert. Finally, the number of chlorine test and microbiological sampling and the results of these experiments collected in the both methods and recorded in SPSS 22 then were analyzed by using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The result of microbiological experiments shows that the sampling rate decreased 29% in using of electronic system method in comparison to the conventional monitoring method while the number of microbial defect detection increased 19% in drinking water networks monitoring by electronic system. Using of electronic system monitoring can reduce the rate and cost of microbiological sampling and its experiments and increase accuracy of these tests, in this way it will increase the quality and safety of drinking water in distribution network in small and dispersed rural communities.展开更多
南水入冀新水情下,百泉泉域地下水环境发生改变,岩溶地下水地球化学过程有待查明。综合利用数值模拟、机器学习(自组织聚类)和同位素(δD和δ^(18)O)等方法系统揭示了矿业活动与南水入冀下百泉泉域岩溶地下水地球化学过程,并基于熵变权...南水入冀新水情下,百泉泉域地下水环境发生改变,岩溶地下水地球化学过程有待查明。综合利用数值模拟、机器学习(自组织聚类)和同位素(δD和δ^(18)O)等方法系统揭示了矿业活动与南水入冀下百泉泉域岩溶地下水地球化学过程,并基于熵变权水质指数(Entropy-weighted water quality index,EWQI)进行了水质分级评价。南水入冀后,百泉泉域岩溶地下水位整体抬升。时间上,呈现出既有年际动态变化又有年内季节变化特征。空间上,补给区表现为剧变型,而径流、排泄区呈缓变型。地下水降落漏斗主要分布在泉域东南部的煤、铁矿密集区。泉域岩溶地下水呈弱碱性,水化学类型以Ca-HCO_(3)型和Ca-SO_(4)型为主导。主要阴阳离子质量浓度遵循ρ(HCO_(3)^(-))>ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))>ρ(Cl^(-))和ρ(Ca^(2+))>ρ(Mg^(2+))>ρ(Na^(+))>ρ(K^(+))的顺序。各离子沿着径流路径呈现出逐渐增大的空间分布特征。岩溶地下水化学成分主要受岩石(方解石、白云石和石膏)风化溶解和反向阳离子交换作用主导。人为活动对泉域岩溶地下水系统中的SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-)质量浓度有一定程度影响。岩溶地下水来源于大气降水,并且在入渗前发生了二次蒸发作用,氘盈余值在径流过程中有所降低。水质评价结果表明,岩溶地下水质量整体优于第四系地下水,分别有50%的岩溶水和37.5%的第四系水样满足饮用目的。TDS、ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))和ρ(NO_(3)^(-))是影响泉域地下水水质的关键指标。引起泉域岩溶地下水系统水质恶化的潜在人类活动主要包括矿山排水、农业灌溉和城市污水排放。通过水质分级评价,提出了泉域地下水环境保护措施。研究结果将有助于为百泉泉域岩溶地下水资源的供水安全和地下水环境保护治理提供参考。展开更多
文摘The used water for human consumption must be free of microorganisms and chemicals that cause risk in the human health. In this study, water quality of 18 rural area of Abarkouh was determined and compared the conventional monitoring method (According to ISIR (Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran), 1053 and 4208) and use of electronic system method (Patent in industrial property general office of Iran, 77815). Free chlorine monitoring and pH test done by health workers in the conventional method and the results will be sent to the Health Network monthly. Sampling for microbiological testing is done monthly based on population (According to ISIR, 4208). On the electronic system, the procedure is also done by health workers, but the result will be sent to the receiver device by using a cell phone. According to the chlorine test results if the free chlorine residual reported zero, microbiological sampling was done by a health expert. Finally, the number of chlorine test and microbiological sampling and the results of these experiments collected in the both methods and recorded in SPSS 22 then were analyzed by using chi-square test and Fisher exact test. The result of microbiological experiments shows that the sampling rate decreased 29% in using of electronic system method in comparison to the conventional monitoring method while the number of microbial defect detection increased 19% in drinking water networks monitoring by electronic system. Using of electronic system monitoring can reduce the rate and cost of microbiological sampling and its experiments and increase accuracy of these tests, in this way it will increase the quality and safety of drinking water in distribution network in small and dispersed rural communities.
文摘南水入冀新水情下,百泉泉域地下水环境发生改变,岩溶地下水地球化学过程有待查明。综合利用数值模拟、机器学习(自组织聚类)和同位素(δD和δ^(18)O)等方法系统揭示了矿业活动与南水入冀下百泉泉域岩溶地下水地球化学过程,并基于熵变权水质指数(Entropy-weighted water quality index,EWQI)进行了水质分级评价。南水入冀后,百泉泉域岩溶地下水位整体抬升。时间上,呈现出既有年际动态变化又有年内季节变化特征。空间上,补给区表现为剧变型,而径流、排泄区呈缓变型。地下水降落漏斗主要分布在泉域东南部的煤、铁矿密集区。泉域岩溶地下水呈弱碱性,水化学类型以Ca-HCO_(3)型和Ca-SO_(4)型为主导。主要阴阳离子质量浓度遵循ρ(HCO_(3)^(-))>ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))>ρ(Cl^(-))和ρ(Ca^(2+))>ρ(Mg^(2+))>ρ(Na^(+))>ρ(K^(+))的顺序。各离子沿着径流路径呈现出逐渐增大的空间分布特征。岩溶地下水化学成分主要受岩石(方解石、白云石和石膏)风化溶解和反向阳离子交换作用主导。人为活动对泉域岩溶地下水系统中的SO_(4)^(2-)和NO_(3)^(-)质量浓度有一定程度影响。岩溶地下水来源于大气降水,并且在入渗前发生了二次蒸发作用,氘盈余值在径流过程中有所降低。水质评价结果表明,岩溶地下水质量整体优于第四系地下水,分别有50%的岩溶水和37.5%的第四系水样满足饮用目的。TDS、ρ(SO_(4)^(2-))和ρ(NO_(3)^(-))是影响泉域地下水水质的关键指标。引起泉域岩溶地下水系统水质恶化的潜在人类活动主要包括矿山排水、农业灌溉和城市污水排放。通过水质分级评价,提出了泉域地下水环境保护措施。研究结果将有助于为百泉泉域岩溶地下水资源的供水安全和地下水环境保护治理提供参考。
