The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is ...The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is connected to the Tianshan Mountains in the north, and is connected with the Gurbantunggut Desert. The total area of the whole basin is 2.655×104km2, and the land area involved in the basin is as high as 11.83 million mu, among which the cultivated land area involved is more than 3.5 million mu. At present, the irrigation area involved is 3.16 million mu, and it also includes 19 farms, including the 8th and 6th divisions of the XPCC. The total population involved in this area is 1.256 million, and the total industrial and agricultural production value exceeds 37.022 billion yuan. In this paper, the author mainly puts forward how to use the least water resources to obtain the maximum utilization efficiency, and will improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water, meet the Manas River basin agriculture, industry, production, ecology and other related needs as the purpose, using a variety of decision-making methods, aiming at the problems, put forward the optimal allocation scheme, in order to ensure the Manas River basin water resources to be used continuously, and develop towards the direction of building harmony, which has certain significance and value for ecological construction and economic development.展开更多
Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhou...Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhoukou City, Henan Province (including annual precipitation and its distribution, the present situation of water supply projects and the overall degree of water resources development and utilization), this paper analyzes some problems existing in the process of water resources development and utilization in Zhoukou City, and finally gives some measures that should be taken in the water resources protection project in Zhoukou City.展开更多
The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water reso...The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water resources, the present status of water resources development and some major water conservancy projects under construction or in contemplation in China. Finally, the prospect of water resource development in展开更多
Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reas...Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.展开更多
The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water reso...The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water resources and its development and utilization in 2022 and analyzes the variation of water resources,water supply structure,water use volume,and efficiency.In 2022,both precipitation and total volume of water resources in China were less than normal,and were unevenly distributed both temporally and geographically.There has been some decrease in water storage of some large-and medium-sized reservoirs,while the storage of lakes has remained relatively stable.Total water use increased to some extent compared with that in 2021,with further improvements of efficiency and pattern of water uses.There was no significant trend of change on annual precipitation and water resources in China from 1956 to 2022,but the capability of runoff generation in North China showed a decrease.To ensure national water security,China has made great effort to cope with the impacts of climate change and human activities by refined management of surface water resources and groundwater resources,as well as ambitious water-saving goals.展开更多
Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and ac...Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and actively carried out the development,utilization and protection of water resources,which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources.In recent years,the overall scale of global water resources has declined,which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy.After water resources monitoring,we can fully understand the distribution of water resources,water quality and other aspects,so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them.In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring,we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment,adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment,and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system,so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly,improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,and better promote the development of water resources development.展开更多
Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolutio...Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolution, to identify the predominant geochemical processes taking place along the horizontal groundwater flow path, and to characterize anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater environment based on previous data. The concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids （TDS） in the groundwater showed a great variation, with 62.5% of the samples being brackish （TDS ≥ 1 000 mg L^-l）. The groundwater system showed a gradual hydro-chemical zonation composed of Na^＋ -HCO3^-, Na^＋ -Mg^2＋ -SO4 ^2 -Cl^-, and Na^＋ -Cl^-. The relationships among the dissolved species allowed identification of the origin of solutes and the processes that generated the observed water compositions. The dissolution of halite, dolomite, and 2- gypsum explained, in part, the presence of Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, SO^4 , and Ca^2＋, but other processes, such as mixing, Na^＋ exchange for Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and calcite precipitation also contributed to the composition of water. Human activity, in particular large-scale water resources development associated with dramatic population growth in the last 50 years, has led to tremendous changes in the groundwater regime, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Solving these largely anthropogenic problems requires concerted, massive and long-term efforts.展开更多
The system for flood control and disaster relief should be upgraded. Flood- control systems for major rivers and lakes should be built. Broken dikes for water reservoirs should be repaired. An
Background:The construction and operation of small multipurpose dams in Africa have a history of altering the transmission of water-based diseases,including schistosomiasis.The current study was designed to investigat...Background:The construction and operation of small multipurpose dams in Africa have a history of altering the transmission of water-based diseases,including schistosomiasis.The current study was designed to investigate the abundance and dynamics of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails and Schistosoma infections in humans during the construction and the first years of operation of a small multipurpose dam in Côte d’Ivoire.Methods:The study was carried out in Raffierkro and four neighbouring villages in central Côte d’Ivoire between 2007 and 2012.Snails were collected by two experienced investigators using scoops and forceps for 15 min at each site.Snails were identified at genera and,whenever possible,species level,and subjected to testing for cercarial shedding.Schoolchildren aged 6-15 years were examined once every year for Schistosoma haematobium and S.mansoni infection,using urine filtration and duplication Kato-Katz thick smears,respectively.Additionally,551 adults were examined for Schistosoma infection before(June 2007)and 359 individuals 2 years after dam construction(June 2009).Results:Overall,1700 snails belonging to nine different genera were collected from 19 sampling sites.Bulinus(potential intermediate host snails of S.haematobium)and Pila were the most common genera,whereas Biomphalaria(potential intermediate host snail of S.mansoni),Lymnaea,Physa and Melanoides were found in two villages.During the first-year sampling period,65 snails were collected,of which 13(20%)were schistosomiasis intermediate hosts.In subsequent years,out of 1635 snails collected,1079(66%)were identified as potential intermediate host for schistosomiasis,but none were shedding cercariae.The prevalence of S.mansoni among adults in the study area was low(0.4%in 2007 and 0.3%in 2009),whereas the prevalence of S.haematobium declined from 13.9%to 2.9%in this two-year period.Conclusions:The low prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and the absence of infected intermediate host snails during the construction and early phase of operation of a small multipurpose dam suggest that there was no or only very little local transmission.However,the considerable increase in the number of intermediate host snails and their dispersion in irrigation canals call for rigorous surveillance,so that adequate public health measures can be taken in case of early signs of an outbreak.展开更多
Background:The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeofs between water resources devel‑opment and public health concerns have yet to be quantifed.Schistosomiasis exerts large health,social and fna...Background:The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeofs between water resources devel‑opment and public health concerns have yet to be quantifed.Schistosomiasis exerts large health,social and fnan‑cial burdens on infected individuals and households.While irrigation schemes are one of the most important policy responses designed to reduce poverty,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa,they facilitate the propagation of schistoso‑miasis and other diseases.Methods:We estimate the economic impact of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso via its efect on agricultural produc‑tion.We create an original dataset that combines detailed household and agricultural surveys with high-resolution geo-statistical disease maps.We develop new methods that use the densities of the intermediate host snails of schis‑tosomiasis as instrumental variables together with panel,spatial and machine learning techniques.Results:We estimate that the elimination of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso would increase average crop yields by around 7%,rising to 32%for high infection clusters.Keeping schistosomiasis unchecked,in turn,would correspond to a loss of gross domestic product of approximately 0.8%.We identify the disease burden as a shock to the agricultural productivity of farmers.The poorest households engaged in subsistence agriculture bear a far heavier disease burden than their wealthier counterparts,experiencing an average yield loss due to schistosomiasis of between 32 and 45%.We show that the returns to water resources development are substantially reduced once its health efects are taken into account:villages in proximity of large-scale dams sufer an average yield loss of around 20%,and this burden decreases as distance between dams and villages increases.Conclusions:This study provides a rigorous estimation of how schistosomiasis afects agricultural production and how it is both a driver and a consequence of poverty.It further quantifes the tradeof between the economics of water infrastructures and their impact on public health.Although we focus on Burkina Faso,our approach can be applied to any country in which schistosomiasis is endemic.展开更多
文摘The Manas River Basin is located in the south of the Junggar Basin in the north of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. It originates from the Tarim River in the east, reaches the Bayingou River in the west, is connected to the Tianshan Mountains in the north, and is connected with the Gurbantunggut Desert. The total area of the whole basin is 2.655×104km2, and the land area involved in the basin is as high as 11.83 million mu, among which the cultivated land area involved is more than 3.5 million mu. At present, the irrigation area involved is 3.16 million mu, and it also includes 19 farms, including the 8th and 6th divisions of the XPCC. The total population involved in this area is 1.256 million, and the total industrial and agricultural production value exceeds 37.022 billion yuan. In this paper, the author mainly puts forward how to use the least water resources to obtain the maximum utilization efficiency, and will improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of water, meet the Manas River basin agriculture, industry, production, ecology and other related needs as the purpose, using a variety of decision-making methods, aiming at the problems, put forward the optimal allocation scheme, in order to ensure the Manas River basin water resources to be used continuously, and develop towards the direction of building harmony, which has certain significance and value for ecological construction and economic development.
文摘Chinas per capita water resources are scarce. How to make better use of water resources is a major issue affecting the national economy and peoples livelihood. Based on the present situation of water resources in Zhoukou City, Henan Province (including annual precipitation and its distribution, the present situation of water supply projects and the overall degree of water resources development and utilization), this paper analyzes some problems existing in the process of water resources development and utilization in Zhoukou City, and finally gives some measures that should be taken in the water resources protection project in Zhoukou City.
文摘The sustainable development of water resources is of vital importance to the maintenance of survival environment on which people rely for existence. A brief review is given on the characteristic features of water resources, the present status of water resources development and some major water conservancy projects under construction or in contemplation in China. Finally, the prospect of water resource development in
基金The Basic Scientific Research Foundation Special Project of the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (MK 2022J05)The Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (MK0143A032021)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072291)。
文摘Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52009140National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3201105。
文摘The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water resources and its development and utilization in 2022 and analyzes the variation of water resources,water supply structure,water use volume,and efficiency.In 2022,both precipitation and total volume of water resources in China were less than normal,and were unevenly distributed both temporally and geographically.There has been some decrease in water storage of some large-and medium-sized reservoirs,while the storage of lakes has remained relatively stable.Total water use increased to some extent compared with that in 2021,with further improvements of efficiency and pattern of water uses.There was no significant trend of change on annual precipitation and water resources in China from 1956 to 2022,but the capability of runoff generation in North China showed a decrease.To ensure national water security,China has made great effort to cope with the impacts of climate change and human activities by refined management of surface water resources and groundwater resources,as well as ambitious water-saving goals.
文摘Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and actively carried out the development,utilization and protection of water resources,which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources.In recent years,the overall scale of global water resources has declined,which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy.After water resources monitoring,we can fully understand the distribution of water resources,water quality and other aspects,so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them.In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring,we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment,adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment,and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system,so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly,improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,and better promote the development of water resources development.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40671010 and 40501012).
文摘Hydro-chemical characteristics of groundwater and their changes as affected by human activities were studied in the Ejin Sub-Basin of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to understand the groundwater evolution, to identify the predominant geochemical processes taking place along the horizontal groundwater flow path, and to characterize anthropogenic factors affecting the groundwater environment based on previous data. The concentrations of major ions and total dissolved solids （TDS） in the groundwater showed a great variation, with 62.5% of the samples being brackish （TDS ≥ 1 000 mg L^-l）. The groundwater system showed a gradual hydro-chemical zonation composed of Na^＋ -HCO3^-, Na^＋ -Mg^2＋ -SO4 ^2 -Cl^-, and Na^＋ -Cl^-. The relationships among the dissolved species allowed identification of the origin of solutes and the processes that generated the observed water compositions. The dissolution of halite, dolomite, and 2- gypsum explained, in part, the presence of Na^＋, K^＋, Cl^-, SO^4 , and Ca^2＋, but other processes, such as mixing, Na^＋ exchange for Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋, and calcite precipitation also contributed to the composition of water. Human activity, in particular large-scale water resources development associated with dramatic population growth in the last 50 years, has led to tremendous changes in the groundwater regime, which reflected in surface water runoff change, decline of groundwater table and degeneration of surface water and groundwater quality. Solving these largely anthropogenic problems requires concerted, massive and long-term efforts.
文摘The system for flood control and disaster relief should be upgraded. Flood- control systems for major rivers and lakes should be built. Broken dikes for water reservoirs should be repaired. An
基金This study was financially supported by the Swiss-based non-governmental organization FAIRMED(Bern,Switzerland).
文摘Background:The construction and operation of small multipurpose dams in Africa have a history of altering the transmission of water-based diseases,including schistosomiasis.The current study was designed to investigate the abundance and dynamics of schistosomiasis intermediate host snails and Schistosoma infections in humans during the construction and the first years of operation of a small multipurpose dam in Côte d’Ivoire.Methods:The study was carried out in Raffierkro and four neighbouring villages in central Côte d’Ivoire between 2007 and 2012.Snails were collected by two experienced investigators using scoops and forceps for 15 min at each site.Snails were identified at genera and,whenever possible,species level,and subjected to testing for cercarial shedding.Schoolchildren aged 6-15 years were examined once every year for Schistosoma haematobium and S.mansoni infection,using urine filtration and duplication Kato-Katz thick smears,respectively.Additionally,551 adults were examined for Schistosoma infection before(June 2007)and 359 individuals 2 years after dam construction(June 2009).Results:Overall,1700 snails belonging to nine different genera were collected from 19 sampling sites.Bulinus(potential intermediate host snails of S.haematobium)and Pila were the most common genera,whereas Biomphalaria(potential intermediate host snail of S.mansoni),Lymnaea,Physa and Melanoides were found in two villages.During the first-year sampling period,65 snails were collected,of which 13(20%)were schistosomiasis intermediate hosts.In subsequent years,out of 1635 snails collected,1079(66%)were identified as potential intermediate host for schistosomiasis,but none were shedding cercariae.The prevalence of S.mansoni among adults in the study area was low(0.4%in 2007 and 0.3%in 2009),whereas the prevalence of S.haematobium declined from 13.9%to 2.9%in this two-year period.Conclusions:The low prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans and the absence of infected intermediate host snails during the construction and early phase of operation of a small multipurpose dam suggest that there was no or only very little local transmission.However,the considerable increase in the number of intermediate host snails and their dispersion in irrigation canals call for rigorous surveillance,so that adequate public health measures can be taken in case of early signs of an outbreak.
文摘Background:The economic impact of schistosomiasis and the underlying tradeofs between water resources devel‑opment and public health concerns have yet to be quantifed.Schistosomiasis exerts large health,social and fnan‑cial burdens on infected individuals and households.While irrigation schemes are one of the most important policy responses designed to reduce poverty,particularly in sub-Saharan Africa,they facilitate the propagation of schistoso‑miasis and other diseases.Methods:We estimate the economic impact of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso via its efect on agricultural produc‑tion.We create an original dataset that combines detailed household and agricultural surveys with high-resolution geo-statistical disease maps.We develop new methods that use the densities of the intermediate host snails of schis‑tosomiasis as instrumental variables together with panel,spatial and machine learning techniques.Results:We estimate that the elimination of schistosomiasis in Burkina Faso would increase average crop yields by around 7%,rising to 32%for high infection clusters.Keeping schistosomiasis unchecked,in turn,would correspond to a loss of gross domestic product of approximately 0.8%.We identify the disease burden as a shock to the agricultural productivity of farmers.The poorest households engaged in subsistence agriculture bear a far heavier disease burden than their wealthier counterparts,experiencing an average yield loss due to schistosomiasis of between 32 and 45%.We show that the returns to water resources development are substantially reduced once its health efects are taken into account:villages in proximity of large-scale dams sufer an average yield loss of around 20%,and this burden decreases as distance between dams and villages increases.Conclusions:This study provides a rigorous estimation of how schistosomiasis afects agricultural production and how it is both a driver and a consequence of poverty.It further quantifes the tradeof between the economics of water infrastructures and their impact on public health.Although we focus on Burkina Faso,our approach can be applied to any country in which schistosomiasis is endemic.
