The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks.Monitoring the unclear contamina...The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks.Monitoring the unclear contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the rights and interests of all concerned parties.The establishment of a mechanism for international cooperation in this respect is necessary to handle the risks of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water and to lay the foundation of a framework for tackling any future disposal of nuclear-contaminated water following Japan’s example.At present,the international legal systems in the spheres of nuclear safety and security,marine environmental protection,and other areas,as well as the questioning of the monitoring reports of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)by the relevant parties,the monitoring practices of historical nuclear accidents,and numerous radioactivity monitoring mechanisms have provided the institutional and practical basis for constructing such a mechanism.The mechanism can be promoted by the IAEA through its existing mechanisms or be jointly initiated by China,the Russian Federation,the Republic of Korea,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,and the Pacific Island countries,among other stakeholders.Specifically,this mechanism should consist of three levels:first,the framework of the basic legal system,including the cooperative principles of national sovereignty,interest-relatedness,and procedural fairness,and the signing of the Framework Convention on the Monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water and its Optional Protocol;second,the organizational structure and its responsibilities,which may include the Conference of Parties as the decision-making body,the Secretariat as the central coordinating body,and the monitoring committees in various fields as specific implementing agencies;and third,specific administrative arrangements,which involve the standardization of monitoring,the management system of monitoring networks and stations,the rules for monitoring procedures,and the rules for the utilization of the monitoring data,etc.With the urgent need for the scientific and fair monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water,China,as a stakeholder country,can promote the establishment of such a mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water through the following paths:①It is necessary to clarify the factors affecting the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water so as to ascertain the standpoints of the stakeholders,claims of their interests,contents of their cooperation,and the relevant international relations.②On the basis of existing practices,China should consider improving the monitoring mechanism to cope with the risks of the discharge of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water by formulating targeted policies and systems,setting up specialized monitoring institutions,and establishing a systematic monitoring network system.③This is an effective way for China to actively promote the participation of stakeholders in the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water in Fukushima by further innovating the dissemination mechanism to address the risk of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water discharging into the sea and facilitating the identification of issues for international cooperation in monitoring Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water based on the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy, great changes have taken place in our lives, and the quality and level of our lives are constantly improving. However, the problem of environmental pollution is also getting wors...With the rapid development of economy, great changes have taken place in our lives, and the quality and level of our lives are constantly improving. However, the problem of environmental pollution is also getting worse. Environmental issues are related to our survival and development, so it is particularly important to do a good job in protecting the ecological environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out surface water testing, and there are still many problems to be solved in surface water testing. This paper discusses the related problems and countermeasures of surface water detection in environmental monitoring to provide reference for surface water monitoring.展开更多
The idea of dispatching multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)to undertake marine missions has ignited a burgeoning enthusiasm on a global scale.Embarking on a quest to facilitate inland water monitoring,this paper ...The idea of dispatching multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)to undertake marine missions has ignited a burgeoning enthusiasm on a global scale.Embarking on a quest to facilitate inland water monitoring,this paper presents a systematical approach concerning global path planning and path following for heterogeneous USVs.Specifically,by capturing the heterogeneous nature,an extended multiple travelling salesman problem(EMTSP)model,which seamlessly bridges the gap between various disparate constraints and optimization objectives,is formulated for the first time.Then,a novel Greedy Partheno Genetic Algorithm(GPGA)is devised to consistently address the problem from two aspects:(1)Incorporating the greedy randomized initialization and local exploration strategy,GPGA merits strong global and local searching ability,providing high-quality solutions for EMTSP.(2)A novel mutation strategy which not only inherits all advantages of PGA but also maintains the best individual in the offspring is devised,contributing to the local escaping efficiently.Finally,to track the waypoint permutations generated by GPGA,control input is generated by the nonlinear model predictive controller(NMPC),ensuring the USV corresponds with the reference path and smoothen the motion under constrained dynamics.Simulations and comparisons in various scenarios demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.展开更多
In early 2019, Mozambique was struck by two cyclones, Cyclone Idai in Sofala Province and Cyclone Kenneth in Cabo Delgado Province. Outbreaks of cholera were declared soon after both cyclones in Beira and Pemba cities...In early 2019, Mozambique was struck by two cyclones, Cyclone Idai in Sofala Province and Cyclone Kenneth in Cabo Delgado Province. Outbreaks of cholera were declared soon after both cyclones in Beira and Pemba cities. In response to the emergencies and outbreaks, government and humanitarian partners collaborated to create a mobile phone based water quality monitoring program to monitor daily free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in the piped network in both locations and at accommodation centers created for internally displaced persons in Beira. Overall, 87% of the 1080 samples from the piped network in Beira had detectable FRC and at accommodation centers, 73% of the 179 samples collected had detectable FRC. In Pemba, 64% of the 114 total samples collected had detectable FRC. Data from the water quality monitoring programs allowed for the identification of trends that helped increase the effectiveness of the response, including identifying areas where chlorination could be strengthened with the installation of booster chlorinators, issues with the consistency of daily chlorine treatment, and sites where water availability was limited. The water quality monitoring activities were a result of productive collaboration and could be replicated after similar emergencies in cholera endemic areas to prevent and control outbreaks.展开更多
The monitoring data is undoubtedly important to the water quality monitor- ing department. The proficiency testing is an important way to improve the monitor- ing capacity and enhance the quality management of laborat...The monitoring data is undoubtedly important to the water quality monitor- ing department. The proficiency testing is an important way to improve the monitor- ing capacity and enhance the quality management of laboratories. It plays an impor- tant role in ensuring the accuracy, integrity and comparability of monitoring data. In this paper, the positive role of proficiency testing in the water quality monitoring was analyzed. In addition, how to improve the water quality monitoring capacity and the quality management level of laboratories through the proficiency testing was also discussed.展开更多
Satellite radar altimetry has become an essential tool for hydrological research over the past 2 decades.Unlike imagery that quantifies the water dynamics from the horizontal dimension,altimetry observations deliver v...Satellite radar altimetry has become an essential tool for hydrological research over the past 2 decades.Unlike imagery that quantifies the water dynamics from the horizontal dimension,altimetry observations deliver vertical information,which is crucial for hydrological research.Geodetic mission(GM)altimetry data,characterized by long repeat periods compared to exact repeat missions,have been underutilized in hydrology.This paper aims to advocate for integrating geodetic altimetry data into inland water research and bring awareness to its potential applications.We demonstrated the values of GM data from CryoSat-2,Saral/AltiKa,Jason-1,and Jason-2 through 3 applications:(a)large-scale lake monitoring for improved understanding of regional and global hydrological cycles,(b)retrieval of local geoid undulations over large lakes to enhance the precision of individual water level observations,and(c)mapping river longitudinal profiles and construction of time series of river levels.We believe that the findings of this study will pave the way for more comprehensive utilization of geodetic altimetry data in diverse hydrological applications,ultimately advancing inland water altimetry.展开更多
Water is one of the needs with remarkable significance to man and other living things.Water quality management is a concept based on the continuous monitoring of water quality.The monitoring scheme aims to accumulate ...Water is one of the needs with remarkable significance to man and other living things.Water quality management is a concept based on the continuous monitoring of water quality.The monitoring scheme aims to accumulate data to make decisions on water resource descriptions,identify real and emergent issues involving water pollution,formulate priorities,and plan for water quality management.The regularly considered parameters when conducting water quality monitoring are turbidity,pH,temperature,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand,ammonia,and metal ions.The usual method employed in capturing these water parameters is the manual collection and sending of samples to a laboratory for detection and analysis.However,this method is impractical in the long run because it is laborious and consumes a considerable amount of human resources.Sensors integrated into a mobile phone application interface can address this issue.This paper aims to design and implement an Internet of Things-based system comprising pH,temperature,and turbidity sensors,which are all integrated into a mobile phone application interface for a water monitoring system.This project utilizes the Bluetooth Standard(IEEE 802.15.1)for communication/transfer of data,while the water quality monitoring system relies on the pH,turbidity,and temperature of the test water.展开更多
A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-...A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is collected.With the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing accuracy.Furthermore,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water samples.In addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown micropollutants.All three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be saved.This concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing information.There is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.展开更多
The rapid advancement of drone technology and digital twin systems has significantly transformed environmental monitoring,particularly in the field of water quality assess-ment.This paper systematically reviews the cu...The rapid advancement of drone technology and digital twin systems has significantly transformed environmental monitoring,particularly in the field of water quality assess-ment.This paper systematically reviews the current state of research on the application of drones,digital twins,and their integration for water quality monitoring and management.It highlights key themes,insights,research trends,commonly used methodologies,and future directions from existing studies,aiming to provide a foundational reference for further research to harness the promising potential of these technologies for effective,scalable solutions in water resource management,addressing both immediate and long-term environmental challenges.The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines,rigorously analysing hundreds of relevant papers.Key findings emphasise the effective-ness of drones in capturing real-time,high-resolution spatial and temporal data,as well as the value of digital twins for predictive and simulation-based analysis.Most importantly,the review demonstrates the potential of integrating these technologies to enhance sus-tainable water management practices.However,it also identifies a significant research gap in fully integrating drones with digital twins for comprehensive water quality manage-ment.In response,the review outlines future research directions,including improvements in data integration techniques,predictive models,and interdisciplinary collaboration.展开更多
Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensiona...Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.展开更多
China Marine Surveillance Force was equipped with modern aerial equipments for marine lawexecute with the advantage of functioning agilely at a large scale of surveillance coverage, providing powerful all-round safegu...China Marine Surveillance Force was equipped with modern aerial equipments for marine lawexecute with the advantage of functioning agilely at a large scale of surveillance coverage, providing powerful all-round safeguard, which is of benefit to the harmonious and sustainable development of coastal economy. Onboard the planes, three kinds of remote sensing sensors have been installed, including a marine airborne multi-spectrum scanner （MAMS）, an optical-electronic platform, and an airborne hyper-spectral system AISA＋. The specifications of remote sensing platforms were introduced briefly first, then examples of water quality monitoring by airborne remote sensing were presented, including the monitoring in coastal suspended material, oil-spill and abnormal warm water, etc.展开更多
Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea.(1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed...Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea.(1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists of plankton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5-7 d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination of upwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.展开更多
Water is one of the basic resources for human survival.Water pollution monitoring and protection have been becoming a major problem for many countries all over the world.Most traditional water quality monitoring syste...Water is one of the basic resources for human survival.Water pollution monitoring and protection have been becoming a major problem for many countries all over the world.Most traditional water quality monitoring systems,however,generally focus only on water quality data collection,ignoring data analysis and data mining.In addition,some dirty data and data loss may occur due to power failures or transmission failures,further affecting data analysis and its application.In order to meet these needs,by using Internet of things,cloud computing,and big data technologies,we designed and implemented a water quality monitoring data intelligent service platform in C#and PHP language.The platform includes monitoring point addition,monitoring point map labeling,monitoring data uploading,monitoring data processing,early warning of exceeding the standard of monitoring indicators,and other functions modules.Using this platform,we can realize the automatic collection of water quality monitoring data,data cleaning,data analysis,intelligent early warning and early warning information push,and other functions.For better security and convenience,we deployed the system in the Tencent Cloud and tested it.The testing results showed that the data analysis platform could run well and will provide decision support for water resource protection.展开更多
Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Fi...Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, the changing rules of the water quality were studied to provide scientific references for the improvement of drinking water safety of urban and rural residents and drinking water quality. The re- sults show that the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in Kaixian County improved year by year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, and most monitoring sites with water quality exceeding the standard are distributed in reservoirs. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and permanganate index exceeded the standard obviously. Main pollution sources are domestic pollution and non-point source pol- lution caused by excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. To improve drinking water quality, it is suggested that some towns can get drinking water from other reservoirs, surface water or underground water with better quality instead of previous reservoirs with water quality exceeding the standard, and the control of non-point source pollution should be enhanced.展开更多
Thunniform swimmers(tuna)have a swinging narrow sequence stalk and a moon-shaped tail fin,which performs poorly at slow speed,higher acceleration and turning maneuverability.In most cases,faster speed and higher maneu...Thunniform swimmers(tuna)have a swinging narrow sequence stalk and a moon-shaped tail fin,which performs poorly at slow speed,higher acceleration and turning maneuverability.In most cases,faster speed and higher maneuverability are mutually rejection for most marine creatures and their robotic opponents.This paper presents a novel hybrid tuna-like swimming robot for aquaculture water quality monitoring,which interleaves faster speed and higher maneuverability.The robotic prototype emphasizes on streamlining and enhanced maneuverability mechanism designs in conjunction with a narrow caudal propeller to the tail.The innovative design endows the robot to easily execute the multi-mode swimming gait,including forward swimming,turning,diving/surfacing.The capabilities of our robot are validated through a series of indoor swimming pool and field breeding ponds.The robotic fish can achieve a maximum speed up to about 1.16 m/s and a minimum turning radius less than 0.46 Body Lengths(BL)and its maximum turning speed can reach 78.6∘/s.Due to its high speed,maneuverability and relatively small size,the robotic fish shed light on intelligent monitoring in complex aquatic environments.展开更多
Water resources are one of the basic resources for human survival,and water protection has been becoming a major problem for countries around the world.However,most of the traditional water quality monitoring research...Water resources are one of the basic resources for human survival,and water protection has been becoming a major problem for countries around the world.However,most of the traditional water quality monitoring research work is still concerned with the collection of water quality indicators,and ignored the analysis of water quality monitoring data and its value.In this paper,by adopting Laravel and AdminTE framework,we introduced how to design and implement a water quality data visualization platform based on Baidu ECharts.Through the deployed water quality sensor,the collected water quality indicator data is transmitted to the big data processing platform that deployed on Tencent Cloud in real time through the 4G network.The collected monitoring data is analyzed,and the processing result is visualized by Baidu ECharts.The test results showed that the designed system could run well and will provide decision support for water resource protection.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the pH,COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and other indices regarding Xinli River water in Binzhou City.The results show that the pH of the water quality index is between 7...This paper aims to explore the pH,COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and other indices regarding Xinli River water in Binzhou City.The results show that the pH of the water quality index is between 7.3 and 7.8,slightly alkaline;the COD content of Xinli River is about 140-163 mg/L,and the COD pollution is serious in some water sections;the ammonia nitrogen content of Xinli River is 0.2-2.17 mg/L,the total nitrogen content is about 0.799-1.3 mg/L,the total phosphorus content is about 0.54-0.92 mg/L,suggesting that the water eutrophication is very serious.Due to the large amount of domestic sewage discharged into Xinli River without treatment,slow circulation of river water and other factors,the eutrophication is serious in the urban watercourse.展开更多
Objective Grasp quality and health status of drinking water, and provide scientific basis for decision making of health administrative de- partment. Method According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality （ GB...Objective Grasp quality and health status of drinking water, and provide scientific basis for decision making of health administrative de- partment. Method According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality （ GB 5749 -2006）, monitoring results of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water health in 2013 were evaluated, and software SPSS 20.0 and GeoDa was used for temporal-spatial analysis on water quality. Result There were 2 882 copies of monitoring samples in total, in which both finished water and tap water of urban district were qualified, while qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county were respectively 86.36% and 93.91%, and major exceeding indexes were pH and total number of colonies. Qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county had difference（x2 = 1 576.875, P 〈0.01 ）. Quality of tap water（ X2 = 5.425, P 〉 0.05） and secondary water supply （X2 = 16.009, P 〉 0.05） was stable at temporal distribution （ January-December）, but spatial distribution of tap water had certain regional difference（x2 = 1 255.802, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion General quality situation of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water was better, but qualified rate of water quality in some counties was lower, which had safety risk and threatened the health of residents in the corresponding county. The related departments should enhance the supervision and management of drinking water supply, im- prove supply water quality, strengthen water quality monitoring, and guarantee drinking water safety. Geographic information system can better real- ize visualization of drinking water quality monitoring information.展开更多
Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1...Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1.7) mBq·L-1, (0.3±0.1) mBq·L-1 and (1.6±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (2.8±2.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in rainwater. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4±4.1) mBq·L-1, (0.7±0.2) mBq·L-1 and (1.0±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0±1.8) m Bq·L-1, (1.0±0.5) mBq·L-1 and (2.8±2.2) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (1.4±0.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspheric 3H concentration in 1993～2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9±96.3) and (64.2±40.2) mBq·m-3, respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric 14C concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.展开更多
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.20&ZD162].
文摘The Japanese government’s unilateral decision to discharge the nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the ocean has caused immense nuclear safety risks.Monitoring the unclear contaminated water is a starting point to combat these risks and seek remedies for the rights and interests of all concerned parties.The establishment of a mechanism for international cooperation in this respect is necessary to handle the risks of the Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water and to lay the foundation of a framework for tackling any future disposal of nuclear-contaminated water following Japan’s example.At present,the international legal systems in the spheres of nuclear safety and security,marine environmental protection,and other areas,as well as the questioning of the monitoring reports of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)by the relevant parties,the monitoring practices of historical nuclear accidents,and numerous radioactivity monitoring mechanisms have provided the institutional and practical basis for constructing such a mechanism.The mechanism can be promoted by the IAEA through its existing mechanisms or be jointly initiated by China,the Russian Federation,the Republic of Korea,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea,and the Pacific Island countries,among other stakeholders.Specifically,this mechanism should consist of three levels:first,the framework of the basic legal system,including the cooperative principles of national sovereignty,interest-relatedness,and procedural fairness,and the signing of the Framework Convention on the Monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water and its Optional Protocol;second,the organizational structure and its responsibilities,which may include the Conference of Parties as the decision-making body,the Secretariat as the central coordinating body,and the monitoring committees in various fields as specific implementing agencies;and third,specific administrative arrangements,which involve the standardization of monitoring,the management system of monitoring networks and stations,the rules for monitoring procedures,and the rules for the utilization of the monitoring data,etc.With the urgent need for the scientific and fair monitoring of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water,China,as a stakeholder country,can promote the establishment of such a mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water through the following paths:①It is necessary to clarify the factors affecting the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water so as to ascertain the standpoints of the stakeholders,claims of their interests,contents of their cooperation,and the relevant international relations.②On the basis of existing practices,China should consider improving the monitoring mechanism to cope with the risks of the discharge of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water by formulating targeted policies and systems,setting up specialized monitoring institutions,and establishing a systematic monitoring network system.③This is an effective way for China to actively promote the participation of stakeholders in the construction of an international cooperation mechanism for monitoring nuclear-contaminated water in Fukushima by further innovating the dissemination mechanism to address the risk of Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water discharging into the sea and facilitating the identification of issues for international cooperation in monitoring Fukushima’s nuclear-contaminated water based on the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind.
文摘With the rapid development of economy, great changes have taken place in our lives, and the quality and level of our lives are constantly improving. However, the problem of environmental pollution is also getting worse. Environmental issues are related to our survival and development, so it is particularly important to do a good job in protecting the ecological environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to carry out surface water testing, and there are still many problems to be solved in surface water testing. This paper discusses the related problems and countermeasures of surface water detection in environmental monitoring to provide reference for surface water monitoring.
基金supported by the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture in Zhejiang University.
文摘The idea of dispatching multiple unmanned surface vehicles(USVs)to undertake marine missions has ignited a burgeoning enthusiasm on a global scale.Embarking on a quest to facilitate inland water monitoring,this paper presents a systematical approach concerning global path planning and path following for heterogeneous USVs.Specifically,by capturing the heterogeneous nature,an extended multiple travelling salesman problem(EMTSP)model,which seamlessly bridges the gap between various disparate constraints and optimization objectives,is formulated for the first time.Then,a novel Greedy Partheno Genetic Algorithm(GPGA)is devised to consistently address the problem from two aspects:(1)Incorporating the greedy randomized initialization and local exploration strategy,GPGA merits strong global and local searching ability,providing high-quality solutions for EMTSP.(2)A novel mutation strategy which not only inherits all advantages of PGA but also maintains the best individual in the offspring is devised,contributing to the local escaping efficiently.Finally,to track the waypoint permutations generated by GPGA,control input is generated by the nonlinear model predictive controller(NMPC),ensuring the USV corresponds with the reference path and smoothen the motion under constrained dynamics.Simulations and comparisons in various scenarios demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme.
文摘In early 2019, Mozambique was struck by two cyclones, Cyclone Idai in Sofala Province and Cyclone Kenneth in Cabo Delgado Province. Outbreaks of cholera were declared soon after both cyclones in Beira and Pemba cities. In response to the emergencies and outbreaks, government and humanitarian partners collaborated to create a mobile phone based water quality monitoring program to monitor daily free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in the piped network in both locations and at accommodation centers created for internally displaced persons in Beira. Overall, 87% of the 1080 samples from the piped network in Beira had detectable FRC and at accommodation centers, 73% of the 179 samples collected had detectable FRC. In Pemba, 64% of the 114 total samples collected had detectable FRC. Data from the water quality monitoring programs allowed for the identification of trends that helped increase the effectiveness of the response, including identifying areas where chlorination could be strengthened with the installation of booster chlorinators, issues with the consistency of daily chlorine treatment, and sites where water availability was limited. The water quality monitoring activities were a result of productive collaboration and could be replicated after similar emergencies in cholera endemic areas to prevent and control outbreaks.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Public Welfare Profession of Ministry of Water Resources(201101007)~~
文摘The monitoring data is undoubtedly important to the water quality monitor- ing department. The proficiency testing is an important way to improve the monitor- ing capacity and enhance the quality management of laboratories. It plays an impor- tant role in ensuring the accuracy, integrity and comparability of monitoring data. In this paper, the positive role of proficiency testing in the water quality monitoring was analyzed. In addition, how to improve the water quality monitoring capacity and the quality management level of laboratories through the proficiency testing was also discussed.
基金supported by the CRSRI Open Research Program(Program SN:CKWV20221009/KY)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks(ZDSYS20220606100604008)+1 种基金High-level University Special Fund(G03050K001)the SUSTech Research Start-up Grants(Y01296129 and Y01296229).
文摘Satellite radar altimetry has become an essential tool for hydrological research over the past 2 decades.Unlike imagery that quantifies the water dynamics from the horizontal dimension,altimetry observations deliver vertical information,which is crucial for hydrological research.Geodetic mission(GM)altimetry data,characterized by long repeat periods compared to exact repeat missions,have been underutilized in hydrology.This paper aims to advocate for integrating geodetic altimetry data into inland water research and bring awareness to its potential applications.We demonstrated the values of GM data from CryoSat-2,Saral/AltiKa,Jason-1,and Jason-2 through 3 applications:(a)large-scale lake monitoring for improved understanding of regional and global hydrological cycles,(b)retrieval of local geoid undulations over large lakes to enhance the precision of individual water level observations,and(c)mapping river longitudinal profiles and construction of time series of river levels.We believe that the findings of this study will pave the way for more comprehensive utilization of geodetic altimetry data in diverse hydrological applications,ultimately advancing inland water altimetry.
基金This work was supported by SUT Research and Development Funds and by Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI).Also,this work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University,Saudi Arabia.In addition,support by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number(TURSP-2020/77),Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Water is one of the needs with remarkable significance to man and other living things.Water quality management is a concept based on the continuous monitoring of water quality.The monitoring scheme aims to accumulate data to make decisions on water resource descriptions,identify real and emergent issues involving water pollution,formulate priorities,and plan for water quality management.The regularly considered parameters when conducting water quality monitoring are turbidity,pH,temperature,conductivity,dissolved oxygen,chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand,ammonia,and metal ions.The usual method employed in capturing these water parameters is the manual collection and sending of samples to a laboratory for detection and analysis.However,this method is impractical in the long run because it is laborious and consumes a considerable amount of human resources.Sensors integrated into a mobile phone application interface can address this issue.This paper aims to design and implement an Internet of Things-based system comprising pH,temperature,and turbidity sensors,which are all integrated into a mobile phone application interface for a water monitoring system.This project utilizes the Bluetooth Standard(IEEE 802.15.1)for communication/transfer of data,while the water quality monitoring system relies on the pH,turbidity,and temperature of the test water.
文摘A combined approach of target,suspected target and non-target screening using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry(LC-HRMS)was used to develop a new concept for water monitoring.With the current LC-MS/MS target approach for water monitoring,all targets can be quantified,but no additional information about the sample is collected.With the new concept,it is possible to detect 97%of the target compounds with a simplified quantification method without losing accuracy.Furthermore,a suspect target screening can be performed to get broader qualitative information about the water samples.In addition,the non-target screening offers the possibility to identify unknown micropollutants.All three evaluation steps depend on the same analytical measurement so that a lot of measurement and quality assurance effort can be saved.This concept could change water monitoring and assessment,and make it much more efficiently without losing information.There is a chance to measure less but learn more about the water bodies.
基金National Science Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2152282,2302833University of Louisville。
文摘The rapid advancement of drone technology and digital twin systems has significantly transformed environmental monitoring,particularly in the field of water quality assess-ment.This paper systematically reviews the current state of research on the application of drones,digital twins,and their integration for water quality monitoring and management.It highlights key themes,insights,research trends,commonly used methodologies,and future directions from existing studies,aiming to provide a foundational reference for further research to harness the promising potential of these technologies for effective,scalable solutions in water resource management,addressing both immediate and long-term environmental challenges.The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines,rigorously analysing hundreds of relevant papers.Key findings emphasise the effective-ness of drones in capturing real-time,high-resolution spatial and temporal data,as well as the value of digital twins for predictive and simulation-based analysis.Most importantly,the review demonstrates the potential of integrating these technologies to enhance sus-tainable water management practices.However,it also identifies a significant research gap in fully integrating drones with digital twins for comprehensive water quality manage-ment.In response,the review outlines future research directions,including improvements in data integration techniques,predictive models,and interdisciplinary collaboration.
基金Project supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of ChineseAcademy of Sciences (No. KGCX2-SW-111).
文摘Taihu Lake is one of the five biggest lakes in China. Surface water samples from 26 sampling sites of Taihu Lake were collected. Furthermore wet chemical analysis （CODCr and BOD5） and measurement of three dimensional excitation-emission matrix （3DEEM） spectra in the laboratory have been conducted. Using parallel factor analysis （PARAFAC） model, three components of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） have been identified successfully, based on the analysis of 3DEEM data. The characteristics of the three components also have been described by comparing them to some components of CDOM, identified in earlier researches. Meanwhile, spatial variations of concentration for the three components in Taihu Lake have been analyzed, and the result indicates that the concentration of component 1 depends more on the situation of wastewater pollution and can be used as the indicator of wastewater pollution. The relationship between the concentrations of the three components and results of the wet chemical analysis show that none of the three components can be used as indicators of gross organic matter in water. However, the concentrations of all the three components have obvious linear relationships with the BOD5 value, especially for component 1 （r = 0.72878）. Finally, the potential applications of the composition analysis based on 3DEEM and PARAFAC model in water quality monitoring have been illuminated.
基金supported by the NO. 2007402 Science Foundation of SOAthe scientific research fund NO.JG0719 of the Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA+1 种基金special funds for scientific research on public cause (NO. 200805028)China "908" Project under contract No.908-03-02-08.
文摘China Marine Surveillance Force was equipped with modern aerial equipments for marine lawexecute with the advantage of functioning agilely at a large scale of surveillance coverage, providing powerful all-round safeguard, which is of benefit to the harmonious and sustainable development of coastal economy. Onboard the planes, three kinds of remote sensing sensors have been installed, including a marine airborne multi-spectrum scanner （MAMS）, an optical-electronic platform, and an airborne hyper-spectral system AISA＋. The specifications of remote sensing platforms were introduced briefly first, then examples of water quality monitoring by airborne remote sensing were presented, including the monitoring in coastal suspended material, oil-spill and abnormal warm water, etc.
文摘Three kind of application of ADCP is reported for long-term monitoring in coastal sea.(1)The routine monitoring of water qualities. The water quality and ADCP echo data (600 kHz) observed in the long-term are analgzed at MT (Marine Tower) Station of Kansai International Airport in the Osaka Bay, Japan. The correlation between the turbidity and echo intensity in the surface layer is not good because air bubbles generated by breaking wave are not detected by the turbidity meter, but detected well by ADCP. When estimating the turbidity consists of plankton population from echo intensity, the effect of bubbles have to be eliminated. (2) Monitoring stirring up of bottom sediment. The special observation was carried out by using following two ADCP in the Osaka Bay, One ADCP was installed upward on the sea. The other ADCP was hanged downward at the gate type stand about 3 m above from the bottom. At the spring tide, high echo intensities indicating the stirring up of bottom sediment were observed. (3) The monitoring for the boundary condition of water mixing at an estuary. In summer season, the ADCP was set at the mouth of Tanabe Bay in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. During the observation, water temperature near the bottom showed remarkable falls with interval of about 5-7 d. When the bottom temperature fell, the inflow current with low echo intensity water appears at the bottom layer in the ADCP record. It is concluded that when occasional weak northeast wind makes weak coastal upwelling at the mouth of the bay, the combination of upwelling with internal tidal flow causes remarkable water exchange and dispels the red tide.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61304208)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Province Education Department(18C0003)+5 种基金Researchproject on teaching reform in colleges and universities of Hunan Province Education Department(20190147)Changsha City Science and Technology Plan Program(K1501013-11)Hunan NormalUniversity University-Industry Cooperation.This work is implemented at the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Finance and Economics Big Data PropertyUniversities of Hunan ProvinceOpen projectgrant number 20181901CRP04.
文摘Water is one of the basic resources for human survival.Water pollution monitoring and protection have been becoming a major problem for many countries all over the world.Most traditional water quality monitoring systems,however,generally focus only on water quality data collection,ignoring data analysis and data mining.In addition,some dirty data and data loss may occur due to power failures or transmission failures,further affecting data analysis and its application.In order to meet these needs,by using Internet of things,cloud computing,and big data technologies,we designed and implemented a water quality monitoring data intelligent service platform in C#and PHP language.The platform includes monitoring point addition,monitoring point map labeling,monitoring data uploading,monitoring data processing,early warning of exceeding the standard of monitoring indicators,and other functions modules.Using this platform,we can realize the automatic collection of water quality monitoring data,data cleaning,data analysis,intelligent early warning and early warning information push,and other functions.For better security and convenience,we deployed the system in the Tencent Cloud and tested it.The testing results showed that the data analysis platform could run well and will provide decision support for water resource protection.
文摘Based on the monitoring data of water quality of more than 40 centralized drinking water sources in 40 towns （townships or streets） of Kaixian County in the first and second half of each year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, the changing rules of the water quality were studied to provide scientific references for the improvement of drinking water safety of urban and rural residents and drinking water quality. The re- sults show that the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in Kaixian County improved year by year during the ＂Twelfth Five-year Plan＂ period, and most monitoring sites with water quality exceeding the standard are distributed in reservoirs. Total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and permanganate index exceeded the standard obviously. Main pollution sources are domestic pollution and non-point source pol- lution caused by excessive discharge of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. To improve drinking water quality, it is suggested that some towns can get drinking water from other reservoirs, surface water or underground water with better quality instead of previous reservoirs with water quality exceeding the standard, and the control of non-point source pollution should be enhanced.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0107100)the National Key R&D Programs of China(Grant No.2019YFD0901000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61903007).
文摘Thunniform swimmers(tuna)have a swinging narrow sequence stalk and a moon-shaped tail fin,which performs poorly at slow speed,higher acceleration and turning maneuverability.In most cases,faster speed and higher maneuverability are mutually rejection for most marine creatures and their robotic opponents.This paper presents a novel hybrid tuna-like swimming robot for aquaculture water quality monitoring,which interleaves faster speed and higher maneuverability.The robotic prototype emphasizes on streamlining and enhanced maneuverability mechanism designs in conjunction with a narrow caudal propeller to the tail.The innovative design endows the robot to easily execute the multi-mode swimming gait,including forward swimming,turning,diving/surfacing.The capabilities of our robot are validated through a series of indoor swimming pool and field breeding ponds.The robotic fish can achieve a maximum speed up to about 1.16 m/s and a minimum turning radius less than 0.46 Body Lengths(BL)and its maximum turning speed can reach 78.6∘/s.Due to its high speed,maneuverability and relatively small size,the robotic fish shed light on intelligent monitoring in complex aquatic environments.
基金This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China 61304208by the 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Finance and Economics Big Data Property Open Fund Project 20181901CRP04+2 种基金by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Province Education Department 18C0003by the Research Project on Teaching Reform in General Colleges and Universities,Hunan Provincial Education Department 20190147by the Hunan Normal University Ungraduated Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Plan Project 2019127.
文摘Water resources are one of the basic resources for human survival,and water protection has been becoming a major problem for countries around the world.However,most of the traditional water quality monitoring research work is still concerned with the collection of water quality indicators,and ignored the analysis of water quality monitoring data and its value.In this paper,by adopting Laravel and AdminTE framework,we introduced how to design and implement a water quality data visualization platform based on Baidu ECharts.Through the deployed water quality sensor,the collected water quality indicator data is transmitted to the big data processing platform that deployed on Tencent Cloud in real time through the 4G network.The collected monitoring data is analyzed,and the processing result is visualized by Baidu ECharts.The test results showed that the designed system could run well and will provide decision support for water resource protection.
基金Supported by Research Fund of Binzhou University in 2017(BZXYG1712)Shandong Provincial Soft Science Research Program(2017RKB01166)
文摘This paper aims to explore the pH,COD,ammonia nitrogen,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and other indices regarding Xinli River water in Binzhou City.The results show that the pH of the water quality index is between 7.3 and 7.8,slightly alkaline;the COD content of Xinli River is about 140-163 mg/L,and the COD pollution is serious in some water sections;the ammonia nitrogen content of Xinli River is 0.2-2.17 mg/L,the total nitrogen content is about 0.799-1.3 mg/L,the total phosphorus content is about 0.54-0.92 mg/L,suggesting that the water eutrophication is very serious.Due to the large amount of domestic sewage discharged into Xinli River without treatment,slow circulation of river water and other factors,the eutrophication is serious in the urban watercourse.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Health Bureau(2013KY18,2013KY19)Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCKY1301)Tianjin Natural Science Fund(14JCQNJC11900)
文摘Objective Grasp quality and health status of drinking water, and provide scientific basis for decision making of health administrative de- partment. Method According to the Standards for Drinking Water Quality （ GB 5749 -2006）, monitoring results of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water health in 2013 were evaluated, and software SPSS 20.0 and GeoDa was used for temporal-spatial analysis on water quality. Result There were 2 882 copies of monitoring samples in total, in which both finished water and tap water of urban district were qualified, while qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county were respectively 86.36% and 93.91%, and major exceeding indexes were pH and total number of colonies. Qualified rates of tap water and secondary water supply from the county had difference（x2 = 1 576.875, P 〈0.01 ）. Quality of tap water（ X2 = 5.425, P 〉 0.05） and secondary water supply （X2 = 16.009, P 〉 0.05） was stable at temporal distribution （ January-December）, but spatial distribution of tap water had certain regional difference（x2 = 1 255.802, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusion General quality situation of Tianjin urban and rural drinking water was better, but qualified rate of water quality in some counties was lower, which had safety risk and threatened the health of residents in the corresponding county. The related departments should enhance the supervision and management of drinking water supply, im- prove supply water quality, strengthen water quality monitoring, and guarantee drinking water safety. Geographic information system can better real- ize visualization of drinking water quality monitoring information.
文摘Results of environmental radioactivity monitoring around Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant (QNPP) are reported in this paper. From 1992 to 2005, concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in terrestrial freshwater are (4.4±1.7) mBq·L-1, (0.3±0.1) mBq·L-1 and (1.6±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (2.8±2.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in rainwater. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the seawater samples collected from sea area nearby QNPP are (5.4±4.1) mBq·L-1, (0.7±0.2) mBq·L-1 and (1.0±0.5) Bq·L-1, respectively. Concentrations of 90Sr, 137Cs and 3H in the total waste water discharged from NPP-I are (4.0±1.8) m Bq·L-1, (1.0±0.5) mBq·L-1 and (2.8±2.2) Bq·L-1, respectively, and (1.4±0.4) Bq·L-1 of 3H in seawater sampled from No.1 outlet. Atomspheric 3H concentration in 1993～2005 at two monitoring sites is (78.9±96.3) and (64.2±40.2) mBq·m-3, respectively, with an increasing trend after 2003. Atmospheric 14C concentrations at the two sites are in the same levels as the background and data of the reference site.
