BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis often leads to significant impairments in functional capacity,which are associated with disease severity and prognosis.Simple,reliable,and low-cost tests are essential to monitor these patie...BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis often leads to significant impairments in functional capacity,which are associated with disease severity and prognosis.Simple,reliable,and low-cost tests are essential to monitor these patients in clinical practice.The 6-min walk test(6MWT)is widely used in other chronic conditions,but its measurement properties in cirrhosis remain underexplored.AIM To assess the reliability of the 6MWT in patients with liver cirrhosis(LC).METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Juiz de Fora-Minas Gerais.Patients diagnosed with LC at any stage of the disease and under clinical follow-up were included.Patients with grade 2 or higher encephalopathy,respiratory,and/or musculoskeletal diseases or who did not understand the test were excluded.Initially,anamnesis and anthropometric evaluation were performed,followed by the 6MWT.After 24 h the test was repeated.Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test.The reliability of the 6MWT was tested through Bland-Altman analysis,typical error of measurement,and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)as well as a one-sample t-test.A paired Student’s ttest was used to check for differences between means,and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to verify the relationship between the two moments[first 6MWT(6MWT-1)and second 6MWT(6MWT-2)].RESULTS The mean difference between 6MWT-2 and 6MWT-1 was-18.9 m;the lower limit of the Bland-Altman agreement was-83.5 m,and the upper limit was 45.7 m.One participant was excluded from further analyses for being outside these limits.The typical error of measurement was 18.9 m.The ICC showed excellent reliability between the two tests(ICC=0.97,95%confidence internal:0.90-0.99,P<0.001).The Student’s one-sample t-value was-2.35(P=0.03).The paired t-value was 2.35(P=0.03).Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the 6MWT-1 and 6MWT-2 was r=0.98(P=0.0001).CONCLUSION The 6MWT is a test with excellent reliability.It is safe,easy to administer,inexpensive,and can be introduced into routine practice without loss of diagnostic precision in estimating the functional capacity of patients with LC.展开更多
AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six...AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the clinical value of QT dispersion (QTd) and the effects of 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) mimicking the patients' daily activities on QTd in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Met...Objective: To investigate the clinical value of QT dispersion (QTd) and the effects of 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) mimicking the patients' daily activities on QTd in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods: Twenty-eight CHF patients and 22 normal subjects participated these study, who all completed 6-MWT without developing severe arrhythmias.Before and after 6-MWT, standardized 12-lead surface ECGs were obtained to measure QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd).Results: Both before and after 6-MWT, the QTd and QTcd in CHF patients were longer than those in the controls (P<0.001), and QTd and QTcd after 6-MWT were significantly shorter than those before 6-MWT in CHF patients (P=0.007, and 0.018).There was no significant difference in the measurement in the control group.Conclusion: QTd and QTcd are longer in CHF patients than in normal subjects.Moderate exercise may improve the inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization dispersion in CHF patients.展开更多
Introduction: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is an inexpensive method to objectively evaluate physical capacity or limitation and stratify prognosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Since the clinical p...Introduction: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is an inexpensive method to objectively evaluate physical capacity or limitation and stratify prognosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Since the clinical perception of symptoms may be adapted or compromised, regular evaluation from medical interviews often fails to determine functional classification. This study aimed to assess the correlation between New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA-FC) and the distance walked in the 6MWT. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study that included patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction followed up at an outpatient service of a teaching hospital, from August 2018 to April 2019. Patients in NYHA-FC I, II, or III were included. We compared NYHA-FC subjectively obtained during the consultation with the 6MWT performed after medical consultation, and the correlation between these two parameters was assessed. Results: The study included 70 patients with HF, 41 (58.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 61.2 ± 12.7 years. The most prevalent etiologies were dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy (35.7%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (25.7%). The mean ejection fraction was 34.1% ± 9.8%. The average distance walked in the 6MWT by NYHA-FC I patients was 437.8 ± 95.8 meters, NYHA-FC II 360.1 ± 96.4, and NYHA-FC III 248.4 ± 98.3. Functional class measured by the 6MWT was different than that estimated by NYHA-FC in 34 patients (48.6%), 23 (32.9%) for a higher functional class and 11 (15.7%) for a lower one (p = 0.07). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between NYHA-FC and the 6MWT was -0.55. Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between the subjective NYHA-FC and the 6MWT. The 6MWT revealed a different classification from NYHA-FC in almost half of the patients. Among those who presented discrepancies between methods, 6MWT reclassification towards a higher functional class was more common.展开更多
Background: Chronic heart failure is a public health problem worldwide. It has a high mortality rate and is accompanied by a decreased functional capacity and alteration of the quality of life. Objective: This st...Background: Chronic heart failure is a public health problem worldwide. It has a high mortality rate and is accompanied by a decreased functional capacity and alteration of the quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular functional capacity of a group of patients suffering from heart failure using the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the cardiology unit of Douala’s general hospital for 4 months. We included all eligible patients aged 18 years or more who had stable chronic heart failure and gave informed consent. Those who had an acute coronary syndrome (≤1 month), tachycardia (HR ≥ 120 bpm), high blood pressure (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg) and reduced mobility due to orthopaedic reasons were excluded. A 6 MWT was done according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. The 6 MWT result was considered poor for - 450 m and good for >450 m. Results: We recruited a total of 81 patients (61.7% women) with a mean age of 65.9 ± 10.6 years. The most frequent risk factor for heart failure was high blood pressure (77.8%), alcohol consumption(69.1%) and a sedentary lifestyle (53.1%). The left ventricular ejection fraction was mostly preserved (42.0%) or mildly altered (46.9). The 6 MWT results were poor in 55.6% of cases, average in 19.8% of cases and good in only 24.7% of cases. More than half (59.3%) of the participants perceived the effort as being difficult. The cardiovascular functional capacity was significantly associated with age, heart failure stage and physical activity (p Conclusion: Most patients suffering from chronic stable heart failure in the general hospital of Douala have poor cardiovascular functional capacity.展开更多
Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test （6MWT） and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake （ VO2 ） and heart rate chronot...Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test （6MWT） and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake （ VO2 ） and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients （ age 25 - 52 years） were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance （6MWD） of 5 patients were （592.6 ± 26.7 ） m （558 - 625 ） m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control （86%） ; the end point VO2/kg were （21.8 ± 1.4 ） mL/min · kg （ 19. 94 - 23.60） mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.展开更多
Objectives To assess the relationship between peak oxygen consumption （PVO2） and the ambulation distance in six-minute walk test （6MWT）among the healthy subjects. Methods The 51 healthy subjects were recruited for...Objectives To assess the relationship between peak oxygen consumption （PVO2） and the ambulation distance in six-minute walk test （6MWT）among the healthy subjects. Methods The 51 healthy subjects were recruited for the six-minute walk test. Data of pulmonary gas exchange breath by breath, such as VO2 , VCO2 were real-time measured with wireless remote sensing K4B2, so to study the relationship between peak oxygen uptake and the ambulation distance. Results It was noticed that there was a positive linear correlation between the ambulation distance and PVO2 （ r =0. 619, P 〈0. 001 ） in six-minute walk test. The regression equation was set up （ VO2/kg =0. 05D -6. 331, P 〈 0. 001 ）. PVO2 〉 PVCO2 ,R 〈 1 were found,which suggested that 6MWT was a test below anaerobic threshold. Conclusions There was a closely positive linear correlation between the ambulation distance and PVO2, which is safety, convenient and valuable for the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function and the treatment of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.展开更多
The 6 minute walk test (6MWT) is well established in the clinical assessment of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and COPD. Its value as a submaximal stress test in the risk stratification of chronic stable ischae...The 6 minute walk test (6MWT) is well established in the clinical assessment of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and COPD. Its value as a submaximal stress test in the risk stratification of chronic stable ischaemic syndromes is as yet not validated. 95 patients undergoing coronary angiography for assessment of chronic stable angina performed the 6MWT according to a modified protocol. The gamma correlation test indicated a moderately significant relationship between ECG changes plus symptoms at the end of the 6MWT and multi vessel coronary arterial disease. The T wave changes showed no significant correlation. Hence the 6MWT is a useful tool in the risk stratification of stable ischaemic syndromes which can be safely performed in a general ward prior to hospital discharge. It would be a useful preliminary test before planning a programme of cardiac rehabilitation.展开更多
Background: The 6-minute walk test (6TC) was initially used as an instrument for assessing physical and cardiorespiratory capacity, but is currently being used to monitor treatments, and compare physical interventions...Background: The 6-minute walk test (6TC) was initially used as an instrument for assessing physical and cardiorespiratory capacity, but is currently being used to monitor treatments, and compare physical interventions and prognostic evaluation. Although already recognized as a research method in several specialties, 6TC has not been used in rheumatology. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have impaired functional capacity as well as increased cardiovascular mortality. An adequate functional evaluation of these patients is necessary and the 6TC may be useful in this sense. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform the 6-minute walk test in RA patients and to compare the performance with a control group. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the sample consisted of 85 women, 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 39 healthy controls. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. One-Way ANOVA methodology was used to compare the patient and control groups followed by the graphic analysis. Results: The distance walked on the 6TC by RA patients was on average 522.2 meters. In the distance control group found in the 6TC was on average 628.8 meters, the difference being statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study the distance covered in 6TC by women with RA was lower than that of healthy women of the same age.展开更多
Background:Heart failure(HF)significantly impairs functional capacity.The six-minute walk test(6MWT)offers a simple,validated assessment tool,yet remains underutilized in sub-Saharan Africa.This study evaluated functi...Background:Heart failure(HF)significantly impairs functional capacity.The six-minute walk test(6MWT)offers a simple,validated assessment tool,yet remains underutilized in sub-Saharan Africa.This study evaluated functional capacity in HF patients in Brazzaville.Methods:Cross-sectional study(January-March 2020)at Brazzaville University Hospital.Patients with stable chronic HF and documented echocardiography underwent 6MWT following ATS guidelines.Walking distance,clinical parameters,and factors associated with severe impairment(distance<300 m)were analyzed.Results:Fifty patients(50%women,mean age 50±12 years)were included.Hypertension(74%)predominated among risk factors.Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 42%±15%(52%with reduced LVEF).Hypertensive heart disease(42%)and dilated cardiomyopathy(35%)were leading etiologies.Mean walking distance was 338±91 m(49%of predicted 690±78 m).Severe impairment(<300 m)affected 26%of patients and was independently associated with obesity(OR=10.9,95%CI[1.79-66.9]),end-of-test symptoms(OR=13.2,95%CI[2.87-60.6]),and poor medication adherence(OR=10.2,95%CI[2.37-44.2]).ACE inhibitor/ARB use was protective(OR=0.18,95%CI[0.04-0.77]).Conclusion:Functional capacity is markedly impaired in Brazzaville HF patients,with walking distance averaging half of predicted values.Modifiable factors include obesity,medication adherence,and guideline-directed medical therapy optimization.These findings support systematic 6MWT integration and structured cardiac rehabilitation programs in resource-limited settings.展开更多
Background The relationship between the 6-minute walk test （6MWT） and pulmonary function test in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） remains unclear. We evaluate the correlation of 6MWT and spirome...Background The relationship between the 6-minute walk test （6MWT） and pulmonary function test in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） remains unclear. We evaluate the correlation of 6MWT and spirometric parameters in stable COPD with different severities. 6MWT data assessed included three variables： the 6-minute walk distance （6MWD）, 6-minute walk work （6MWORK）, and pulse oxygen desaturation rate （SPO2%）. Methods 6MWT and pulmonary function test were assessed for 150 stable COPD patients with different severities. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the variables of interest. Analysis of variance was performed to compare means. Correlation coefficients were calculated for 6MWT data with the spirometric parameters and dyspnea Borg scale. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to screen pulmonary function-related predictors of 6MWT data. Results The three variables of 6MWT all varied as the severities of the disease. The 6MWD and 6MWORK both correlated with some spirometric parameters （positive or negative correlation; the absolute value of r ranging from 0.34 to 0.67; P 〈0.05） in severe and very severe patients, and the SPO2% correlated with the dyspnea Borg scale in four severities （t= -0.33, -0.34, -0.39, -0.53 respectively; P 〈0.05）. The 6MWD was correlated with the 6MWORK in four severities （r=0.56, 0.57, 0.72, 0.81 respectively, P 〈0.05）, and neither of them correlated with the SPO2%. The percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1% predicted） and residual volume to total lung capacity ratio （RV/TLC） were predictors of the 6MWD, and the maximum voluntary ventilation （MW） was the predictor of the 6MWORK. Conclusions 6MWT correlated with the spirometric parameters in severe and very severe COPD patients. 6MWT may be used to monitor changes of pulmonary function in these patients.展开更多
Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these te...Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these tests for evaluating functional loss in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT） disease.Methods：Thirty-four Chinese CMT patients （CMT group） from August 2015 to December 2016 were evaluated with 9-HPT,10-MWT,CMT disease examination score,overall neuropathy limitation scale （ONLS）,functional disability score,and Berg Balance Scale （BBS）.Thirty-five age-and gender-matched healthy controls （control group） were also included in the study.Student＇s nonpaired or paired t-test were performed to compare data between two independent or related groups,respectively.The Pearson test was used to examine the correlations between recorded parameters.Results：The mean 9-HPT completion time in the dominant hand of CMT patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy controls （29.60 ± 11.89 s vs.19.58 ± 3.45 s;t =-4.728,P 〈 0.001）.Women with CMT completed the 9-HPT significantly faster than men with CMT （dominant hand：24.74 ± 7.93 s vs.33.01 ± 13.14 s,t =2.097,P =0.044）.The gait speed of the average self-selected velocity and the average fast-velocity assessed using 10-MWT for CMT patients were significantly slower than those in the control group （1.03 ± 0.18 m/s vs.1.44 ± 0.17 m/s,t =9.333,P 〈 0.001;1.31 ± 0.30 m/s vs.1.91 ± 0.25 m/s,t =8.853,P 〈 0.00 1,respectively）.There was no difference in gait speed between men and women.Both 9-HPT and 10-MWT were significantly correlated with the ONLS,functional disability score,and BBS （P 〈 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：The 9-HPT and 10-MWT might be useful for functional assessment in Chinese patients with CMT.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,with resulting cardiac dysfunction and exercise limitations.Six minute walking test(6MWT)assesses functional status and predicts morbidity and...BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,with resulting cardiac dysfunction and exercise limitations.Six minute walking test(6MWT)assesses functional status and predicts morbidity and mortality in cardiopulmonary diseases.AIM To determine if it associates with mortality by analyzing 6MWT performance in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS A cohort of 106 cirrhotic patients was evaluated in the outpatient setting with echocardiogram and 6MWT and follow up for one year to document hepatic decompensation and mortality.The distance in meters was recorded at the end of 6 min(6MWD).RESULTS This cohort had a mean age of 51 years and 56%male;patients were staged as Child A in 21.7%,B 66%and C 12.3%.Walk distance inversely correlated with Child scores,and was significantly reduced as Child stages progresses.Patients who died(10.4%)showed shorter mean 6MWD(P=0.006).Low 6MWD was an independent predictor of mortality(P=0.01).CONCLUSION 6MWT is a noninvasive inexpensive test whose result is related to Child scores and mortality.It is useful to identify patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk of mortality for closer monitoring and potential early intervention.展开更多
Use of the six-minute walk test has been proposed as a prognostic marker in liver cirrhosis.In the Letter to the Editor presented here,the authors highlight some important points,which were raised after the article wa...Use of the six-minute walk test has been proposed as a prognostic marker in liver cirrhosis.In the Letter to the Editor presented here,the authors highlight some important points,which were raised after the article was published in the November issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.展开更多
Aging induces decrease of locomotor capacity and its decrease is associated with an increased risk of falls. Several lines of evidence indicate that both change in muscle power and aerobic fitness are causative. Mobil...Aging induces decrease of locomotor capacity and its decrease is associated with an increased risk of falls. Several lines of evidence indicate that both change in muscle power and aerobic fitness are causative. Mobility tests are usually based on a maximal exercise stress test;however, this test is often difficult and sometimes frightening to older persons. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine age and gender differences in 3-min walk distance test (3WDT), and time of chair-rising test (CRT) of functional mobility. 153 men and 159 women aged from 20 to 78 years were recruited as subjects of the present study. The body composition measured the height, body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), lean tissue mass (LTM), and waist circumference (WC). The Functional mobility tests measured the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 3WDT, leg extension strength (LES), and times of CRT. Both in men and women, height and BMI, WC decreased and increased, respectively, with age. Height, BM, LTM, WC in men are higher than in women. We found no correlation between ages and 3WDT in women and a significant, negative correlation in men. All parameters of fitness performance were negatively correlated with age. Both in men and women, all parameters of fitness performance were positively correlated with sex. Both in men and women, VO2peak, 3WDT, and LES decreased with age. All parameters of fitness performance in men are higher than in women. Both in men and women were observed for the correlation between 3WDT and VO2peak, LES and CRT respectively. Although as the correlation coefficient between 3WTD and VO2peak, LES and CRT were low (r = 0.28 - 0.38), an error may occur, this study shows that 3WDT and CRT test can be a feasible method of providing the information for muscle power and aerobic fitness, possibly avoiding the need for a maximal stress test.展开更多
Background:This study aimed to clarify the effects of a Graded Brisk Walking Test(GBWT)program on blood pressure(BP)control in elderly patients with essential hypertension and to determine its appropriate degree of in...Background:This study aimed to clarify the effects of a Graded Brisk Walking Test(GBWT)program on blood pressure(BP)control in elderly patients with essential hypertension and to determine its appropriate degree of intensity for elderly people.Methods:In total,421 out of 620 participants were randomly sampled from a community health center in Shanghai,China.Among them,200 and 221 patients were assigned to the intervened and control groups,respectively.They were all treated with the GBWT program for 8 weeks,16 weeks,and 24 weeks.Results:Based on ANOVA,there was no significant time main effect,condition main effect,or time by condition interaction both in heart rate and body mass index indicators(P>0.05).There were significant condition main effects,time by condition interaction,or time main effects in blood pressure(F=21.875,33.457,65.342,respectively;All P<0.05).After the intervention,significant differences in systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)values were also observed in the two groups(P<0.05);the average values of the baseline and second phases of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Significant differences in blood pressure values after the first two phases were also observed when compared with those before the intervention.Similarly,a significant difference in the first phase and second phase was also found between the BP group and intervention group.However,after the third phase(24 weeks,high-intensity exercise),no significant differences existed both in SBP and DBP groups compared with those before the intervention(P=0.07).Conclusion:GBWT is an effective exercise prescription to mitigate the essential hypertension in elderly Chinese patients,and the intensity,walking distance,and target number of steps can be adjusted according to the age of the patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dysfunction in stroke patients has been a problem that we committed to solve and explore.Physical therapy has some effect to regain strength,balance,and coordination.However,it is not a complete cure,so we ...BACKGROUND Dysfunction in stroke patients has been a problem that we committed to solve and explore.Physical therapy has some effect to regain strength,balance,and coordination.However,it is not a complete cure,so we are trying to find more effective treatments.AIM To observe the effect of whole-body vibration training(WVT)on the recovery of balance and walking function in stroke patients,which could provide us some useful evidence for planning rehabilitation.METHODS The clinical data of 130 stroke participants who underwent conventional rehabilitation treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The participants were divided into whole-body vibration training(WVT)group and non-WVT(NWVT)group according to whether they were given WVT.In the WVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy was combined with WVT by the Galileo Med L Plus vibration trainer at a frequency of 20 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0+ACY-plusmn+ADs-5.2 mm,and in the NWVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy only was provided.The treatment course of the two groups was 4 wk.Before and after treatment,the Berg balance scale(BBS),3 m timed up-and-go test(TUGT),the maximum walking speed test(MWS),and upper limb functional reaching(FR)test were performed.RESULTS After 4 wk training,in both groups,the BBS score and the FR distance respectively increased to a certain amount(WVT=46.08±3.41 vs NWVT=40.22±3.75;WVT=20.48±2.23 vs NWVT=16.60±2.82),with P<0.05.Furthermore,in the WVT group,both BBS score and FR distance(BBS:18.32±2.18;FR:10.00±0.92)increased more than that in the NWVT group(BBS:13.29±1.66;FR:6.16±0.95),with P<0.05.Meanwhile,in both groups,the TUGT and the MWS were improved after training(WVT=32.64±3.81 vs NWVT=39.56±3.68;WVT=12.73±2.26 vs NWVT=15.04±2.27,respectively),with P<0.05.The change in the WVT group(TUGT:17.49±1.88;MWS:6.79±0.81)was greater than that in the NWVT group(TUGT:10.76±1.42;MWS:4.84±0.58),with P<0.05.CONCLUSION The WVT could effectively improve the balance and walking function in stroke patients,which may be good for improving their quality of life.展开更多
Introduction: Although many cardiopulmonary patients require home care services, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is unusable in most dwellings for objectively evaluating exercise capacity because it requires a 20 - 30 m...Introduction: Although many cardiopulmonary patients require home care services, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is unusable in most dwellings for objectively evaluating exercise capacity because it requires a 20 - 30 meter hallway. To meet this need, we developed a 2-minute step test (2MST): stepping up and down an 8 inch step for 2 minutes (1 step = bilateral step up + step down). Purpose: Evaluate the statistical validity, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the 2MST in assessing exercise capacity. Method: We compared the heart rate, oxygen saturation and perceived exertion obtained during performance of 2MST with those obtained during the 6MWT. Results: Comparing 2MST and 6MWT in 158 subjects for validity, r = 0.925 (P Conclusion: The 2MST is valid, reproducible, sensitive, safe, well-tolerated, and is a suitable substitute for the 6MWT.展开更多
Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve e...Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve electrical stimulation (TANES) as an open-field locomotor training method combined with glial scar ablation and cell transplantation, we have successfully promoted locomotor recovery in rats with chronic spinal cord contusion injury. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the mechanism of TANES and its effect on electrophysiology. Spinal cord segment T10 of female, adult Long-Evans rats was contused using the NYU impactor device with 25 mm height setting. After injury, rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control without any treatment, group II and group III were subjected to basic treatment including glial scar ablation and transplantation of olfactory lamina propria 6 weeks after injury, and group III received TANES-induced open-field locomotor training weekly after basic treatment. All animals were allowed to survive 22 weeks, except some rats which were transected. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) open-field locomotor rating scale, horizontal ladder rung walking test, and electrophysiological tests were used to assess the restoration of functional behavior and conduction. Results showed that TANES significantly improves locomotor recovery and spinal cord conduction, reflex, as well as significantly reduces the occurrence of autophagia. Additionally, after transection, trained rats still maintained higher BBB score than that of control rats. This may be related to the activity-dependent plasticity promoted by TANES-induced locomotor training.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis often leads to significant impairments in functional capacity,which are associated with disease severity and prognosis.Simple,reliable,and low-cost tests are essential to monitor these patients in clinical practice.The 6-min walk test(6MWT)is widely used in other chronic conditions,but its measurement properties in cirrhosis remain underexplored.AIM To assess the reliability of the 6MWT in patients with liver cirrhosis(LC).METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a teaching hospital in Juiz de Fora-Minas Gerais.Patients diagnosed with LC at any stage of the disease and under clinical follow-up were included.Patients with grade 2 or higher encephalopathy,respiratory,and/or musculoskeletal diseases or who did not understand the test were excluded.Initially,anamnesis and anthropometric evaluation were performed,followed by the 6MWT.After 24 h the test was repeated.Descriptive statistics were used to present the data.Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test.The reliability of the 6MWT was tested through Bland-Altman analysis,typical error of measurement,and intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)as well as a one-sample t-test.A paired Student’s ttest was used to check for differences between means,and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to verify the relationship between the two moments[first 6MWT(6MWT-1)and second 6MWT(6MWT-2)].RESULTS The mean difference between 6MWT-2 and 6MWT-1 was-18.9 m;the lower limit of the Bland-Altman agreement was-83.5 m,and the upper limit was 45.7 m.One participant was excluded from further analyses for being outside these limits.The typical error of measurement was 18.9 m.The ICC showed excellent reliability between the two tests(ICC=0.97,95%confidence internal:0.90-0.99,P<0.001).The Student’s one-sample t-value was-2.35(P=0.03).The paired t-value was 2.35(P=0.03).Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the 6MWT-1 and 6MWT-2 was r=0.98(P=0.0001).CONCLUSION The 6MWT is a test with excellent reliability.It is safe,easy to administer,inexpensive,and can be introduced into routine practice without loss of diagnostic precision in estimating the functional capacity of patients with LC.
文摘AIM: To examine the utility of Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty subjects between the ages of 18 and 80 (mean 47) years performed 6MWT and the Six Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) was measured. RESULTS: The subjects were categorized into four groups. Group A (n = 45) healthy subjects (control); group B (n = 49) chronic hepatitis B patients; group C (n = 54) chronic hepatitis C patients; group D (n = 98) liver cirrhosis patients. The four groups differed in terms of 6MWDs (P < 0.001). The longest distance walked was 421 ± 47 m by group A, then group B (390 ± 53 m), group C (357 ± 72 m) and group D (306 ± 111 m). The 6MWD correlated with age (r = -0.482, P < 0.01), hemoglobin (r = +0.373, P < 0.001) and albumin (r = +0.311, P < 0.001) levels. The Child-Pugh classification was negatively correlated with the 6MWD in cirrhosis (group D) patients (r = -0.328, P < 0.01). At the end of a 12 mo follow-up period, 15 of the 98 cirrhosis patients had died from disease complications. The 6MWD for the surviving cirrhotic patients was longer than for non-survivors (317 ± 101 vs 245 ± 145 m, P = 0.021; 95% CI 11-132). The 6MWD was found to be an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: 6MWT is a useful tool for assessing physical function in CLD patients. We suggest that 6MWD may serve as a prognostic indicator in patients with liver cirrhosis.
文摘Objective: To investigate the clinical value of QT dispersion (QTd) and the effects of 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) mimicking the patients' daily activities on QTd in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Methods: Twenty-eight CHF patients and 22 normal subjects participated these study, who all completed 6-MWT without developing severe arrhythmias.Before and after 6-MWT, standardized 12-lead surface ECGs were obtained to measure QTd and corrected QTd (QTcd).Results: Both before and after 6-MWT, the QTd and QTcd in CHF patients were longer than those in the controls (P<0.001), and QTd and QTcd after 6-MWT were significantly shorter than those before 6-MWT in CHF patients (P=0.007, and 0.018).There was no significant difference in the measurement in the control group.Conclusion: QTd and QTcd are longer in CHF patients than in normal subjects.Moderate exercise may improve the inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization dispersion in CHF patients.
文摘Introduction: The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is an inexpensive method to objectively evaluate physical capacity or limitation and stratify prognosis in patients with Heart Failure (HF). Since the clinical perception of symptoms may be adapted or compromised, regular evaluation from medical interviews often fails to determine functional classification. This study aimed to assess the correlation between New York Heart Association Functional Class (NYHA-FC) and the distance walked in the 6MWT. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study that included patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction followed up at an outpatient service of a teaching hospital, from August 2018 to April 2019. Patients in NYHA-FC I, II, or III were included. We compared NYHA-FC subjectively obtained during the consultation with the 6MWT performed after medical consultation, and the correlation between these two parameters was assessed. Results: The study included 70 patients with HF, 41 (58.6%) of whom were female. The mean age was 61.2 ± 12.7 years. The most prevalent etiologies were dilated idiopathic cardiomyopathy (35.7%) followed by ischemic cardiomyopathy (25.7%). The mean ejection fraction was 34.1% ± 9.8%. The average distance walked in the 6MWT by NYHA-FC I patients was 437.8 ± 95.8 meters, NYHA-FC II 360.1 ± 96.4, and NYHA-FC III 248.4 ± 98.3. Functional class measured by the 6MWT was different than that estimated by NYHA-FC in 34 patients (48.6%), 23 (32.9%) for a higher functional class and 11 (15.7%) for a lower one (p = 0.07). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between NYHA-FC and the 6MWT was -0.55. Conclusion: There was a moderate correlation between the subjective NYHA-FC and the 6MWT. The 6MWT revealed a different classification from NYHA-FC in almost half of the patients. Among those who presented discrepancies between methods, 6MWT reclassification towards a higher functional class was more common.
文摘Background: Chronic heart failure is a public health problem worldwide. It has a high mortality rate and is accompanied by a decreased functional capacity and alteration of the quality of life. Objective: This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular functional capacity of a group of patients suffering from heart failure using the 6-minute walk test (6 MWT). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the cardiology unit of Douala’s general hospital for 4 months. We included all eligible patients aged 18 years or more who had stable chronic heart failure and gave informed consent. Those who had an acute coronary syndrome (≤1 month), tachycardia (HR ≥ 120 bpm), high blood pressure (SBP ≥ 180 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 100 mmHg) and reduced mobility due to orthopaedic reasons were excluded. A 6 MWT was done according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. The 6 MWT result was considered poor for - 450 m and good for >450 m. Results: We recruited a total of 81 patients (61.7% women) with a mean age of 65.9 ± 10.6 years. The most frequent risk factor for heart failure was high blood pressure (77.8%), alcohol consumption(69.1%) and a sedentary lifestyle (53.1%). The left ventricular ejection fraction was mostly preserved (42.0%) or mildly altered (46.9). The 6 MWT results were poor in 55.6% of cases, average in 19.8% of cases and good in only 24.7% of cases. More than half (59.3%) of the participants perceived the effort as being difficult. The cardiovascular functional capacity was significantly associated with age, heart failure stage and physical activity (p Conclusion: Most patients suffering from chronic stable heart failure in the general hospital of Douala have poor cardiovascular functional capacity.
文摘Objectives To analyze the six-minute walk test （6MWT） and gas exchange of 5 heart transplantation patients and to approach the variation tendency of exercise tolerance, oxygen uptake （ VO2 ） and heart rate chronotropic response. Methods 5 cases of heart transplantation patients （ age 25 - 52 years） were undertaken 6MWT 6 - 30 months after operation, synchronizing gas exchanging parameters were measured by wireless portable remote sensing K4B^2 gas analyzer, 51 normal controls were compared. Results The six-minute walk distance （6MWD） of 5 patients were （592.6 ± 26.7 ） m （558 - 625 ） m, the ascending tendency during exercise was slower, the maximum heart rates were 80% ± 6% of age-predicting maximal heart rate, lower than normal control （86%） ; the end point VO2/kg were （21.8 ± 1.4 ） mL/min · kg （ 19. 94 - 23.60） mL/min · kg. Conclusions The 6WMD and VO2 of 5 patients reached normal range, but the heart rate chronotropic response and VO2 ascending tendency were slower than those of normal controls.
文摘Objectives To assess the relationship between peak oxygen consumption （PVO2） and the ambulation distance in six-minute walk test （6MWT）among the healthy subjects. Methods The 51 healthy subjects were recruited for the six-minute walk test. Data of pulmonary gas exchange breath by breath, such as VO2 , VCO2 were real-time measured with wireless remote sensing K4B2, so to study the relationship between peak oxygen uptake and the ambulation distance. Results It was noticed that there was a positive linear correlation between the ambulation distance and PVO2 （ r =0. 619, P 〈0. 001 ） in six-minute walk test. The regression equation was set up （ VO2/kg =0. 05D -6. 331, P 〈 0. 001 ）. PVO2 〉 PVCO2 ,R 〈 1 were found,which suggested that 6MWT was a test below anaerobic threshold. Conclusions There was a closely positive linear correlation between the ambulation distance and PVO2, which is safety, convenient and valuable for the evaluation of cardiopulmonary function and the treatment of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation.
文摘The 6 minute walk test (6MWT) is well established in the clinical assessment of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension and COPD. Its value as a submaximal stress test in the risk stratification of chronic stable ischaemic syndromes is as yet not validated. 95 patients undergoing coronary angiography for assessment of chronic stable angina performed the 6MWT according to a modified protocol. The gamma correlation test indicated a moderately significant relationship between ECG changes plus symptoms at the end of the 6MWT and multi vessel coronary arterial disease. The T wave changes showed no significant correlation. Hence the 6MWT is a useful tool in the risk stratification of stable ischaemic syndromes which can be safely performed in a general ward prior to hospital discharge. It would be a useful preliminary test before planning a programme of cardiac rehabilitation.
文摘Background: The 6-minute walk test (6TC) was initially used as an instrument for assessing physical and cardiorespiratory capacity, but is currently being used to monitor treatments, and compare physical interventions and prognostic evaluation. Although already recognized as a research method in several specialties, 6TC has not been used in rheumatology. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have impaired functional capacity as well as increased cardiovascular mortality. An adequate functional evaluation of these patients is necessary and the 6TC may be useful in this sense. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform the 6-minute walk test in RA patients and to compare the performance with a control group. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in which the sample consisted of 85 women, 46 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 39 healthy controls. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed. One-Way ANOVA methodology was used to compare the patient and control groups followed by the graphic analysis. Results: The distance walked on the 6TC by RA patients was on average 522.2 meters. In the distance control group found in the 6TC was on average 628.8 meters, the difference being statistically significant. Conclusion: In this study the distance covered in 6TC by women with RA was lower than that of healthy women of the same age.
文摘Background:Heart failure(HF)significantly impairs functional capacity.The six-minute walk test(6MWT)offers a simple,validated assessment tool,yet remains underutilized in sub-Saharan Africa.This study evaluated functional capacity in HF patients in Brazzaville.Methods:Cross-sectional study(January-March 2020)at Brazzaville University Hospital.Patients with stable chronic HF and documented echocardiography underwent 6MWT following ATS guidelines.Walking distance,clinical parameters,and factors associated with severe impairment(distance<300 m)were analyzed.Results:Fifty patients(50%women,mean age 50±12 years)were included.Hypertension(74%)predominated among risk factors.Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 42%±15%(52%with reduced LVEF).Hypertensive heart disease(42%)and dilated cardiomyopathy(35%)were leading etiologies.Mean walking distance was 338±91 m(49%of predicted 690±78 m).Severe impairment(<300 m)affected 26%of patients and was independently associated with obesity(OR=10.9,95%CI[1.79-66.9]),end-of-test symptoms(OR=13.2,95%CI[2.87-60.6]),and poor medication adherence(OR=10.2,95%CI[2.37-44.2]).ACE inhibitor/ARB use was protective(OR=0.18,95%CI[0.04-0.77]).Conclusion:Functional capacity is markedly impaired in Brazzaville HF patients,with walking distance averaging half of predicted values.Modifiable factors include obesity,medication adherence,and guideline-directed medical therapy optimization.These findings support systematic 6MWT integration and structured cardiac rehabilitation programs in resource-limited settings.
文摘Background The relationship between the 6-minute walk test （6MWT） and pulmonary function test in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） remains unclear. We evaluate the correlation of 6MWT and spirometric parameters in stable COPD with different severities. 6MWT data assessed included three variables： the 6-minute walk distance （6MWD）, 6-minute walk work （6MWORK）, and pulse oxygen desaturation rate （SPO2%）. Methods 6MWT and pulmonary function test were assessed for 150 stable COPD patients with different severities. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the variables of interest. Analysis of variance was performed to compare means. Correlation coefficients were calculated for 6MWT data with the spirometric parameters and dyspnea Borg scale. Multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to screen pulmonary function-related predictors of 6MWT data. Results The three variables of 6MWT all varied as the severities of the disease. The 6MWD and 6MWORK both correlated with some spirometric parameters （positive or negative correlation; the absolute value of r ranging from 0.34 to 0.67; P 〈0.05） in severe and very severe patients, and the SPO2% correlated with the dyspnea Borg scale in four severities （t= -0.33, -0.34, -0.39, -0.53 respectively; P 〈0.05）. The 6MWD was correlated with the 6MWORK in four severities （r=0.56, 0.57, 0.72, 0.81 respectively, P 〈0.05）, and neither of them correlated with the SPO2%. The percent of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second （FEV1% predicted） and residual volume to total lung capacity ratio （RV/TLC） were predictors of the 6MWD, and the maximum voluntary ventilation （MW） was the predictor of the 6MWORK. Conclusions 6MWT correlated with the spirometric parameters in severe and very severe COPD patients. 6MWT may be used to monitor changes of pulmonary function in these patients.
文摘Background：The 9-hole peg test （9-HPT） and 10-meter walk test （10-MWT） are commonly used to test finger motor function and walking ability.The aim of this present study was to investigate the efficacy of these tests for evaluating functional loss in Chinese Charcot-Marie-Tooth （CMT） disease.Methods：Thirty-four Chinese CMT patients （CMT group） from August 2015 to December 2016 were evaluated with 9-HPT,10-MWT,CMT disease examination score,overall neuropathy limitation scale （ONLS）,functional disability score,and Berg Balance Scale （BBS）.Thirty-five age-and gender-matched healthy controls （control group） were also included in the study.Student＇s nonpaired or paired t-test were performed to compare data between two independent or related groups,respectively.The Pearson test was used to examine the correlations between recorded parameters.Results：The mean 9-HPT completion time in the dominant hand of CMT patients was significantly slower than that in the healthy controls （29.60 ± 11.89 s vs.19.58 ± 3.45 s;t =-4.728,P 〈 0.001）.Women with CMT completed the 9-HPT significantly faster than men with CMT （dominant hand：24.74 ± 7.93 s vs.33.01 ± 13.14 s,t =2.097,P =0.044）.The gait speed of the average self-selected velocity and the average fast-velocity assessed using 10-MWT for CMT patients were significantly slower than those in the control group （1.03 ± 0.18 m/s vs.1.44 ± 0.17 m/s,t =9.333,P 〈 0.001;1.31 ± 0.30 m/s vs.1.91 ± 0.25 m/s,t =8.853,P 〈 0.00 1,respectively）.There was no difference in gait speed between men and women.Both 9-HPT and 10-MWT were significantly correlated with the ONLS,functional disability score,and BBS （P 〈 0.05 for all）.Conclusion：The 9-HPT and 10-MWT might be useful for functional assessment in Chinese patients with CMT.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy,with resulting cardiac dysfunction and exercise limitations.Six minute walking test(6MWT)assesses functional status and predicts morbidity and mortality in cardiopulmonary diseases.AIM To determine if it associates with mortality by analyzing 6MWT performance in patients with liver cirrhosis.METHODS A cohort of 106 cirrhotic patients was evaluated in the outpatient setting with echocardiogram and 6MWT and follow up for one year to document hepatic decompensation and mortality.The distance in meters was recorded at the end of 6 min(6MWD).RESULTS This cohort had a mean age of 51 years and 56%male;patients were staged as Child A in 21.7%,B 66%and C 12.3%.Walk distance inversely correlated with Child scores,and was significantly reduced as Child stages progresses.Patients who died(10.4%)showed shorter mean 6MWD(P=0.006).Low 6MWD was an independent predictor of mortality(P=0.01).CONCLUSION 6MWT is a noninvasive inexpensive test whose result is related to Child scores and mortality.It is useful to identify patients with liver cirrhosis at high risk of mortality for closer monitoring and potential early intervention.
文摘Use of the six-minute walk test has been proposed as a prognostic marker in liver cirrhosis.In the Letter to the Editor presented here,the authors highlight some important points,which were raised after the article was published in the November issue of the World Journal of Hepatology.
文摘Aging induces decrease of locomotor capacity and its decrease is associated with an increased risk of falls. Several lines of evidence indicate that both change in muscle power and aerobic fitness are causative. Mobility tests are usually based on a maximal exercise stress test;however, this test is often difficult and sometimes frightening to older persons. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine age and gender differences in 3-min walk distance test (3WDT), and time of chair-rising test (CRT) of functional mobility. 153 men and 159 women aged from 20 to 78 years were recruited as subjects of the present study. The body composition measured the height, body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), lean tissue mass (LTM), and waist circumference (WC). The Functional mobility tests measured the peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 3WDT, leg extension strength (LES), and times of CRT. Both in men and women, height and BMI, WC decreased and increased, respectively, with age. Height, BM, LTM, WC in men are higher than in women. We found no correlation between ages and 3WDT in women and a significant, negative correlation in men. All parameters of fitness performance were negatively correlated with age. Both in men and women, all parameters of fitness performance were positively correlated with sex. Both in men and women, VO2peak, 3WDT, and LES decreased with age. All parameters of fitness performance in men are higher than in women. Both in men and women were observed for the correlation between 3WDT and VO2peak, LES and CRT respectively. Although as the correlation coefficient between 3WTD and VO2peak, LES and CRT were low (r = 0.28 - 0.38), an error may occur, this study shows that 3WDT and CRT test can be a feasible method of providing the information for muscle power and aerobic fitness, possibly avoiding the need for a maximal stress test.
基金the Shanghai University of Medicine&Health Sciences’Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects(No.2018-pdwjw-01-372424198012222511).
文摘Background:This study aimed to clarify the effects of a Graded Brisk Walking Test(GBWT)program on blood pressure(BP)control in elderly patients with essential hypertension and to determine its appropriate degree of intensity for elderly people.Methods:In total,421 out of 620 participants were randomly sampled from a community health center in Shanghai,China.Among them,200 and 221 patients were assigned to the intervened and control groups,respectively.They were all treated with the GBWT program for 8 weeks,16 weeks,and 24 weeks.Results:Based on ANOVA,there was no significant time main effect,condition main effect,or time by condition interaction both in heart rate and body mass index indicators(P>0.05).There were significant condition main effects,time by condition interaction,or time main effects in blood pressure(F=21.875,33.457,65.342,respectively;All P<0.05).After the intervention,significant differences in systolic blood pressure(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)values were also observed in the two groups(P<0.05);the average values of the baseline and second phases of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Significant differences in blood pressure values after the first two phases were also observed when compared with those before the intervention.Similarly,a significant difference in the first phase and second phase was also found between the BP group and intervention group.However,after the third phase(24 weeks,high-intensity exercise),no significant differences existed both in SBP and DBP groups compared with those before the intervention(P=0.07).Conclusion:GBWT is an effective exercise prescription to mitigate the essential hypertension in elderly Chinese patients,and the intensity,walking distance,and target number of steps can be adjusted according to the age of the patients.
基金Supported by Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau,No.cstc2019jxjl130023.
文摘BACKGROUND Dysfunction in stroke patients has been a problem that we committed to solve and explore.Physical therapy has some effect to regain strength,balance,and coordination.However,it is not a complete cure,so we are trying to find more effective treatments.AIM To observe the effect of whole-body vibration training(WVT)on the recovery of balance and walking function in stroke patients,which could provide us some useful evidence for planning rehabilitation.METHODS The clinical data of 130 stroke participants who underwent conventional rehabilitation treatment in our hospital from January 2019 to August 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The participants were divided into whole-body vibration training(WVT)group and non-WVT(NWVT)group according to whether they were given WVT.In the WVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy was combined with WVT by the Galileo Med L Plus vibration trainer at a frequency of 20 Hz and a vibration amplitude of 0+ACY-plusmn+ADs-5.2 mm,and in the NWVT group,routine rehabilitation therapy only was provided.The treatment course of the two groups was 4 wk.Before and after treatment,the Berg balance scale(BBS),3 m timed up-and-go test(TUGT),the maximum walking speed test(MWS),and upper limb functional reaching(FR)test were performed.RESULTS After 4 wk training,in both groups,the BBS score and the FR distance respectively increased to a certain amount(WVT=46.08±3.41 vs NWVT=40.22±3.75;WVT=20.48±2.23 vs NWVT=16.60±2.82),with P<0.05.Furthermore,in the WVT group,both BBS score and FR distance(BBS:18.32±2.18;FR:10.00±0.92)increased more than that in the NWVT group(BBS:13.29±1.66;FR:6.16±0.95),with P<0.05.Meanwhile,in both groups,the TUGT and the MWS were improved after training(WVT=32.64±3.81 vs NWVT=39.56±3.68;WVT=12.73±2.26 vs NWVT=15.04±2.27,respectively),with P<0.05.The change in the WVT group(TUGT:17.49±1.88;MWS:6.79±0.81)was greater than that in the NWVT group(TUGT:10.76±1.42;MWS:4.84±0.58),with P<0.05.CONCLUSION The WVT could effectively improve the balance and walking function in stroke patients,which may be good for improving their quality of life.
文摘Introduction: Although many cardiopulmonary patients require home care services, the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) is unusable in most dwellings for objectively evaluating exercise capacity because it requires a 20 - 30 meter hallway. To meet this need, we developed a 2-minute step test (2MST): stepping up and down an 8 inch step for 2 minutes (1 step = bilateral step up + step down). Purpose: Evaluate the statistical validity, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the 2MST in assessing exercise capacity. Method: We compared the heart rate, oxygen saturation and perceived exertion obtained during performance of 2MST with those obtained during the 6MWT. Results: Comparing 2MST and 6MWT in 158 subjects for validity, r = 0.925 (P Conclusion: The 2MST is valid, reproducible, sensitive, safe, well-tolerated, and is a suitable substitute for the 6MWT.
文摘Functional recovery is the final goal in the treatment of spinal cord injury. However, to date, few treatment strategies have demonstrated significant locomotor improvement in animal experiments. By using tail nerve electrical stimulation (TANES) as an open-field locomotor training method combined with glial scar ablation and cell transplantation, we have successfully promoted locomotor recovery in rats with chronic spinal cord contusion injury. The purpose of the present study is to further investigate the mechanism of TANES and its effect on electrophysiology. Spinal cord segment T10 of female, adult Long-Evans rats was contused using the NYU impactor device with 25 mm height setting. After injury, rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I was used as a control without any treatment, group II and group III were subjected to basic treatment including glial scar ablation and transplantation of olfactory lamina propria 6 weeks after injury, and group III received TANES-induced open-field locomotor training weekly after basic treatment. All animals were allowed to survive 22 weeks, except some rats which were transected. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) open-field locomotor rating scale, horizontal ladder rung walking test, and electrophysiological tests were used to assess the restoration of functional behavior and conduction. Results showed that TANES significantly improves locomotor recovery and spinal cord conduction, reflex, as well as significantly reduces the occurrence of autophagia. Additionally, after transection, trained rats still maintained higher BBB score than that of control rats. This may be related to the activity-dependent plasticity promoted by TANES-induced locomotor training.
