Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovasc...Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and so on^([1]).展开更多
Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several ha...Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several harmful outcomes,such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases[1].展开更多
BACKGROUND The association between adiposity parameters and incident hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is yet to be evaluated.AIM To investigate the risk of HCC ac...BACKGROUND The association between adiposity parameters and incident hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is yet to be evaluated.AIM To investigate the risk of HCC according to body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference(WC)in people with NAFLD.METHODS This population-based cohort study included Korean National Health Insurance Service examination participants with NAFLD(n=1110773).NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index of≥30.The risk of HCC was determined by Cox propor-tional hazards regression according to BMI and WC after adjusting for age,sex,health behaviors,income,comorbidities,and WC or BMI.RESULTS HCC was diagnosed in 4773(0.43%)participants during a median follow-up of 10.3 years.A U-shaped association between BMI or WC and HCC was observed,with the highest risk observed in the lowest BMI and WC groups.Compared to normal BMI,the adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)of the underweight BMI group was 2.02[95%confidence interval(CI):1.25-3.28].The lowest risk was found in groups with overweight BMI(aHR=0.67,95%CI:0.60-0.73;reference:normal BMI)and WC:85-89.9/80-84.9 cm for men/women(aHR=0.55,95%CI:0.49-0.63;reference:<80/<75 cm).Subgroup analyses of age,sex,health behaviors,and fatty liver index showed consistent results.CONCLUSION The development of HCC shows a U-shaped relationship with BMI and WC in people with NAFLD,with the highest risk in underweight individuals.展开更多
BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS...BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.展开更多
On the stage of China Media Group’s 2025 Spring Festival Gala,more than a dozen humanoid robots dressed in floral padded jackets danced alongside human counterparts in a creative folk dance performance.The robots not...On the stage of China Media Group’s 2025 Spring Festival Gala,more than a dozen humanoid robots dressed in floral padded jackets danced alongside human counterparts in a creative folk dance performance.The robots not only smoothly twisted their waists and mimicked human leg-kicking movements,but also spun handkerchiefs,displaying extremely dexterous moves and exceptional skills.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoC...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the clinical data and nursing experience of 5 cases of pregnant women with combined heart disease in pregnancy after cesarean section,followed by termination of pregnancy and then cardiac surger...Objective:To summarize the clinical data and nursing experience of 5 cases of pregnant women with combined heart disease in pregnancy after cesarean section,followed by termination of pregnancy and then cardiac surgery in the postoperative period,to provide clinical experience for the care of such patients in the future.Methods:Retrospective analysis of the treatment and nursing process of 5 cases of pregnant women with pregnancy-related heart disease admitted to the hospital’s department from May 16,2023,to September 19,2024,after cesarean section for termination of pregnancy,followed by cardiac surgery.For postoperative patients after cesarean section,using the“waist bag”type sandbag hemostasis method to prevent intra-abdominal pressure poly drop caused by heart rate,blood pressure abnormal treatment,and hemostatic effect,reduces the frequency of hemostatic drugs[1].Strict monitoring of vital signs and hemodynamic monitoring,to maintain access and stability of the internal environment,digestive system care.Result:Five pregnant women with heart disease who underwent surgery all recovered and were discharged after appropriate nursing measures were taken.The average length of hospital stay for the five patients was(20±14.3)days.Conclusion:For pregnant women with complicated heart disease who undergo cesarean section to terminate pregnancy followed by cardiac surgery,it is essential to strengthen specialized monitoring and clearly define key observation points.Focused treatment and nursing care can help reduce postoperative complications,support patient recovery and self-care,and shorten hospital stays.This approach provides valuable clinical guidance for managing similar cases in the future.It is of clinical significance for future cardiac surgery after cesarean section in pregnant women with complicated heart disease.展开更多
Although body mass index(BMI)is widely used as a simple tool to assess obesity,it has certain limitations and inaccuracies.It is known that visceral adipose tissue is closely related to cardiometabolic risks and all-c...Although body mass index(BMI)is widely used as a simple tool to assess obesity,it has certain limitations and inaccuracies.It is known that visceral adipose tissue is closely related to cardiometabolic risks and all-cause mortality;however,precise measurement methods for visceral fat(magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography)cannot be widely used.Thus,simple but accurate alternatives are valuable.Studies have shown that waist circumference-to-height ratio(WHtR)might be a superior and more accurate variable in assessing central or visceral adiposity as well as predicting risks of diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases.Furthermore,WHtR cutoff values can be consistent across different races,age,and genders,making it a universal metric worth promoting and applying.展开更多
BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in the region of Bihar,India.AIM To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD...BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in the region of Bihar,India.AIM To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in persons with newly diagnosed T2DM in the population of North Bihar,India.METHODS This single centre cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Research Centre for Diabetes Hypertension and Obesity,Samastipur,Bihar,India.Data were collected from persons newly diagnosed with T2DM or those diagnosed within 6 months of when the study was conducted between December 2022 to May 2023.RESULTS A total of 148 people with newly diagnosed T2DM were included(median age 47 years,46.6%female)and 109 patients with liver disease on ultrasound evaluation.The persons with liver disease consumed more fats and oils(88.1%vs 74.4%,P=0.042)and they had significantly greater body mass index(27.4 vs 23.0,P<0.001),waist circumference(37 vs 33,P<0.001),and waist-to-hip ratio(1.00 vs 0.70,P=0.025).Females were associated with greater liver disease[odds ratio(OR):3.09,95%confidence interval(CI):1.09-8.80,P=0.32].Waist circumference(OR:1.42,95%CI:1.22-1.66,P<0.001)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(OR:1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02,P=0.048)were associated with any liver disease.The factors most associated with grade 2/3 liver disease was right upper quadrant pain or heaviness(OR:5.22,95%CI:1.40-19.41,P=0.14),greater income(OR:3.58,95%CI:1.28-10.04,P=0.015)and waist circumference(OR:1.31,95%CI:1.02-1.69,P=0.036).CONCLUSION NAFLD is common in new/recently diagnosed T2DM and disease burden is high and common among patients who are either high consumers of fats and oils or have obesity-associated markers.展开更多
Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indi...Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has not been thoroughly understood,the emerging roles of anthropometric indicators in assessing and predicting the risk of NAFLD have been hig...BACKGROUND Although the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has not been thoroughly understood,the emerging roles of anthropometric indicators in assessing and predicting the risk of NAFLD have been highlighted by accumulating evidence.AIM To evaluate the causal relationships between five anthropometric indicators and NAFLD employing Mendelian randomization(MR)design.METHODS The Anthropometric Consortium provided genetic exposure data for five anthropometric indicators,including hip circumference(HC),waist circumference(WC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),body mass index(BMI),and body fat percentage(BF).Genetic outcome data for NAFLD were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank and FinnGen Consortium.Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen as instrumental variables.Univariable MR(UVMR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)designs with analytical approaches,including inverse variance weighted(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and weighted mode methods,were used to assess the causal relationships between anthropometric indicators and NAFLD.RESULTS Causal relationships were revealed by UVMR,indicating that a higher risk of NAFLD was associated with a perunit increase in WC[IVW:odds ratio(OR)=2.67,95%CI:1.42-5.02,P=2.25×10^(−3)],and BF was causally associated with an increased risk of NAFLD(WM:OR=2.23,95%CI:1.07-4.66,P=0.033).The presence of causal effects of WC on the decreased risk of NAFLD was supported by MVMR after adjusting for BMI and smoking.However,no causal association between BF and NAFLD was observed.In addition,other causal relationships of HC,WHR(BMI adjusted),and BMI with the risk of NAFLD were not retained after FDR correction.CONCLUSION This study establishes a causal relationship,indicating that an increase in WC is associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.This demonstrates that a suitable decrease in WC is advantageous for preventing NAFLD.展开更多
Large deflection postbuckling responses of metamaterial cylindrical shells perforated by arrayed circular holes are investigated through a newly proposed theoretical model incorporating with finite element method and ...Large deflection postbuckling responses of metamaterial cylindrical shells perforated by arrayed circular holes are investigated through a newly proposed theoretical model incorporating with finite element method and experiment.The triggering of an unusual pattern transformation under compressive load(that shows special hyperelastic metamaterial characteristics)contributes to the particularity of the postbucklingmodes,in which the axisymmetric waisted and non-axisymmetric postbuckling configurations of perforated cylindrical shells are identified.The transformations of postbucking modes are mainly affected by global outline sizes of the shell and local geometrical parameters of holes.The structural load-carrying capacity for the waisted postbuckling response suffers a sudden drop and recovers when the holes collapse.Comparatively,the shell would undergo a sustained fall off under non-axisymmetric postbuckling states.The negative Poisson’s ratio induced by pattern transformation plays a key role and a critical effective threshold value exists,inducing the waisted postbuckling mode.The revealed principles would be of benefit for achieving a controllable structural stability that is usually difficult to implement on those conventional structures.展开更多
Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Worki...Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Working Group on Obesity in China under the supportof International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China organized a meta-analysis on therelation between BMI, waist circumference and risk factors of related chronic diseases (e. g.,high diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and lipoprotein disorders). Methods 13 population studiesin all met the criteria for enrollment, with data of 239 972 adults (20-70 year) surveyed inthe 1990s. Data on waist circumference was available for 111411 persons and data on serumlipids and glucose were available for more than 80 000. The study populations located in21provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China's Mainland as well as inTaiwan. Each enrolled study provided data according to a common protocol and uniformformat. The Center for data management in Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospitalwas responsible for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion The prevalence ofhypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and clustering of risk factors all increased withincreasing levels of BMI or waist circumference. BMI at 24 with best sensitivity andspecificity for identification of the risk factors, was recommended as the cut-off point foroverweight, BMI at 28 which may identify the risk factors with specificity around 90 % wasrecommended as the cut-off point for obesity. Waist circumference beyond 85 cm for menand beyond 80 cm for women were recommended as the cut-off points for central obesity.Analysis of population attributable risk percent illustrated that reducing BMI to normalrange (<24) could prevent 45%-50% clustering of risk factors. Treatment of obese persons(BMI≥28)with drugs could prevent 15%-17% clustering of risk factors. The waistcircumference controlled under 85 cm for men and under 80 cm for women, could prevent47%-58% clustering of risk factors. According to these, a classification of overweight andobesity for Chinese adults is recommended.展开更多
Objective Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, many indexes can be used to describes obesity and predict diabetes. This research attempts to identify the best indicator of obesity to screening diabetes ...Objective Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, many indexes can be used to describes obesity and predict diabetes. This research attempts to identify the best indicator of obesity to screening diabetes in Chinese population. Methods A cross-sectional data of 8121 subjects aged 35-60 years were included in this research belongs to the Diabetes Appropriate Technology Intervention Study. Anthropometric indicators including body weight, height, waist circumferences （WC）, body fat index （BFI） and visceral fat index （VFI） and blood biochemical indicators after an overnight fast [fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） cholesterol, and triacylglycerol] were measured. BMI （body mass index） and Weight to Height Ratio was calculated. Results Subjects with obesity had a higher risk of physician diagnosed diabetes （0R=2.50, 95% CI 1.83-3.43）, new diagnosed diabetes （0R=4.23, 95% Cl 2.91-6.15） and pre-diabetes （0R=1.75, 95% CI 1.31-2.34） compared to those with normal Body mass index （BMI）. There was a significant trend of increased risk of all diabetes status with increased waist circumference （WC）. The waist-to-height ratio （WHtR） yielded the most significant association with new diagnosed diabetes and physician diagnosed diabetes than other indices. Conclusion Central obesity is significantly correlated with diabetes. VFI was most correlated with pre-diabetes while WHtR is an efficient screening index than BMI and WC in Chinese community diabetes screening.展开更多
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world.Nowadays,the percentage of non-obese or lean patients with NAFLD is increasing.NAFLD in non-obese populations,e...BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world.Nowadays,the percentage of non-obese or lean patients with NAFLD is increasing.NAFLD in non-obese populations,especially the lean subgroup with a normal waist circumference(WC),might lead to more problems than obese individuals,as these individuals may not visit clinics for NAFLD diagnosis or ignore the diagnosis of NAFLD.If the precise characteristics of these populations,especially the lean subgroup,are identified,the clinicians would be able to provide more appropriate advice and treatment to these populations.AIM To investigate the prevalence,clinical characteristics,risk factors,and possible indicators for NAFLD in lean Chinese adults with a normal WC.METHODS People without diabetes mellitus or significant alcohol consumption who underwent routine health examinations were included.Their fatty liver index(FLI),abdominal ultrasonography results,and controlled attenuation parameter were all assessed.Genotyping for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NAFLD was performed in another small group consisting of biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects and healthy controls.RESULTS A total of 2715 subjects who underwent routine health examinations were included in the study.Among 810 lean participants with a normal WC,142(17.5%)fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for NAFLD.Waist-height ratio,hemoglobin,platelets,and triglycerides were significant factors associated with the presence of NAFLD in these participants.The appropriate cut-off value of the FLI score in screening for NAFLD in the lean subjects with a normal WC was 25.15,which had a 77.8%sensitivity and 75.9%specificity.There was no significant difference in the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SIRT1,APOC3,PNPLA3,AGTR1,and PPARGC1A genes between lean subjects with and without NAFLD(P<0.05).CONCLUSION NAFLD is not uncommon in lean Chinese adults even with a normal WC.Metabolic factors,rather than genetic factors,may play important roles in the development of NAFLD in this population.A lower cut-off value of the FLI score in screening for NAFLD should be used for lean Chinese adults with a normal WC.展开更多
Background Waist circumference （WC）, a proxy measure of central body fat, is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. WC cutoffs have been established in ...Background Waist circumference （WC）, a proxy measure of central body fat, is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. WC cutoffs have been established in many countries, but the national WC reference has not been developed in China. Objective To study the distribution of WC in a representative group of Chinese children for establishing Chinese WC cutoff points. Methods Cross-sectional data obtained from 15 mainland provinces and Hong Kong were collected. There were 160 225 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in total. The subjects were divided into five regional groups namely costal city, other city, noah rural, south rural, and Hong Kong, for analyzing the distribution of WC. Results A large variation in WC distribution was found among the five groups for both sexes. Coastal city group had the highest P85 WC values consistently from the early school ages to 18-year-old compared with other groups. In contrast, south rural group had P85 values consistently lagged behind not only the city groups but also the north rural group. Hong Kong group had a high P85 WC at early ages, but because of the smaller increments of WC during adolescence, the P85 curve was gradually exceeded by the north rural groups. Catch-up trend was found in the two rural groups since the peak of puberty. These disparities were caused by not only socioeconomic and urban-rural factors but also north-south differences. Because of the regional variation of WC, a ＂gradient＂ prevalence of central obesity was prospected among these groups. Comparisons of WC distributions between the Chinese and the U.S.A or Netherlands demonstrated the necessary of setting up China＇s own WC cutoffs. Sex and age-specific percentiles were obtained and smoothed by using LMS method. Conclusion The data obtained from this study could be used to develop national WC cutoff points for Chinese children and adolescents.展开更多
Objective To study the effectiveness of waist circumference cut-off values in predicting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome （MetS） and risk factors in adults in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was condcute...Objective To study the effectiveness of waist circumference cut-off values in predicting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome （MetS） and risk factors in adults in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was condcuted in 14 provinces （autonomous region, municipality） in China. A total of 47 325 adults aged 〉20 years were selected by multistage stratified sampling, and questionnaire survey and physical and clinical examination were conducted among them. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation （IDF） criteria and modified IDF criteria.Results The age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 24.2% （22.1% in men and 25.8% in women） and 19.5% （22.1% in men and 18.0% in women} according to the IDF criteria and modified IDF criteria respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-MetS was 8.1% （8.6% in men and 7.8% in women） according to the modified IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS was higher in urban residents than rural residents and in northern China residents than in southern China residents. The prevalence of central obesity was about 30% in both men and women according to the ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference for central obesity （90 cm for men and 85 cm for women）. Multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant difference in risk factors between the two MetS definitions. Conclusion Using both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China.展开更多
TO evaluate the association between obesity and colorectal cancer risk.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library up to January 1,2007.Cohort studies permitting the assessment of causal association bet...TO evaluate the association between obesity and colorectal cancer risk.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library up to January 1,2007.Cohort studies permitting the assessment of causal association between obesity and colorectal cancer,with clear definition of obesity and well-defined outcome of colorectal cancer were eligible.Study design,sample size at baseline,mean follow-up time,co-activators and study results were extracted.Pooled standardized effect sizes were calculated.展开更多
Objectives To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference （WC） for detecting cardiovascular （CV） risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Association of WC with CV risk factors ...Objectives To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference （WC） for detecting cardiovascular （CV） risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Association of WC with CV risk factors was studied among 65 898 children aged 7-18 years whose data were pooled from nine previous studies in China. CV risk factors in this study included hypertension （blood pressure above 95 percentile levels）, dyslipidemia （with one or more of the following three indexes： TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L, and HDL-C ≤ 1.04 mmol/L） and elevated glucose level （fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L）. Receive-operating characteristic analysis （ROC） and logistic regression were employed to derive optimal age- and sex-specific waist circumference references for predicting CV risk factors. Results A slight increasing trend of CV risk factors was observed starting from the 75th percentile of waist circumference in the study population, while a remarkable increasing trend occurred from the 90th percentile. The optimal waist circumference thresholds for predicting high blood pressures were at the 75th percentile for both boys and girls, which was at the 90th percentiles for detecting at least two of the above three CV risk factors. In comparison with children with waist circumference below the 75th percentile, the odds ratio of two CV risk factors doubled among children with waist circumference between the 75th and the 90th percentile, and increased by 6 times among children with waist circumference above the 90th percentile. The trend of high blood pressure increasing with waist circumference remained significant after having been stratified by BMI category. Conclusion The 75th and the 90th percentiles of WC are the optimal cut-off points for predicting an increased and a substantially increased risk of CV factors in Chinese children and adolescents, respectively.展开更多
基金funded by National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China Medical Reform Major Program:China National Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance of Adults(2015–2017)(No.201519-B)Public Health Emergency Project Nutrition Health and Healthy Diet Campaign(No.102393220020070000012)。
文摘Waist circumference(WC),which is a simple and effective indicator of central obesity,has been proved to be closely related to many chronic diseases,such as hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and so on^([1]).
基金supported in part by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82304253).
文摘Obesity,a chronic,complex disease characterized by excess fat deposits,has become a major public health issue worldwide.Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that obesity can result in a greater risk of several harmful outcomes,such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases[1].
文摘BACKGROUND The association between adiposity parameters and incident hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is yet to be evaluated.AIM To investigate the risk of HCC according to body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference(WC)in people with NAFLD.METHODS This population-based cohort study included Korean National Health Insurance Service examination participants with NAFLD(n=1110773).NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index of≥30.The risk of HCC was determined by Cox propor-tional hazards regression according to BMI and WC after adjusting for age,sex,health behaviors,income,comorbidities,and WC or BMI.RESULTS HCC was diagnosed in 4773(0.43%)participants during a median follow-up of 10.3 years.A U-shaped association between BMI or WC and HCC was observed,with the highest risk observed in the lowest BMI and WC groups.Compared to normal BMI,the adjusted hazard ratio(aHR)of the underweight BMI group was 2.02[95%confidence interval(CI):1.25-3.28].The lowest risk was found in groups with overweight BMI(aHR=0.67,95%CI:0.60-0.73;reference:normal BMI)and WC:85-89.9/80-84.9 cm for men/women(aHR=0.55,95%CI:0.49-0.63;reference:<80/<75 cm).Subgroup analyses of age,sex,health behaviors,and fatty liver index showed consistent results.CONCLUSION The development of HCC shows a U-shaped relationship with BMI and WC in people with NAFLD,with the highest risk in underweight individuals.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82072127)。
文摘BACKGROUND:This study aims to explore the causal relationship of body weight,body mass index(BMI),and waist circumference (WC) with the risk of cardiac arrest (CA) using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).METHODS:Data were summarized using genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Twosample MR analyses were performed using the inverse variance weighting (IVW) method,the weighted median method,and the MR-Egger analysis.Heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis were performed using Cochran’s Q test and the leave-one-out method,respectively.The Steiger test was used to detect reverse causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was used to identify the most influential risk factors.RESULTS:A total of 13 GWAS data were collected for BMI,body weight and WC.IVW analyses showed a positive correlation of body weight,BMI,and WC with CA (all OR>1 and P<0.05),with MR-Egger and weighted median methods confirming the IVW findings.No horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed.Sensitivity analysis indicated that no single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) caused significant changes in overall causality.Bayesian model-averaged MR was also used to rank causality based on marginal inclusion probability (MIP),and the corresponding modelaveraged causal estimate (MACE) were confirmed,which indicated that WC (GWAS ID:ukb-b-9405)was the highest-ranked risk factor (MIP=0.119,MACE=0.011);its posterior probability was 0.057.A total of 14 sex-specific GWAS data on weight,BMI,and WC were analyzed in relationship with CA,and the MR results showed no significant effects of sex-specific factors.CONCLUSION:Body weight,BMI,and WC are causally associated with an increased risk of CA,with WC identified as the most important risk factor.
文摘On the stage of China Media Group’s 2025 Spring Festival Gala,more than a dozen humanoid robots dressed in floral padded jackets danced alongside human counterparts in a creative folk dance performance.The robots not only smoothly twisted their waists and mimicked human leg-kicking movements,but also spun handkerchiefs,displaying extremely dexterous moves and exceptional skills.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with an alarming rise in early-onset CRC(eoCRC)over the past several decades.Unlike late-onset CRC,the drivers behind eoCRC remain less clear.While certain risk factors such as obesity and smoking have demonstrated a relatively strong association with eoCRC in the literature,some studies have challenged these associations,emphasizing the need for additional studies.METHODS This cross-sectional study used de-identified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1999-2023),including 30321 United States adults aged 18 to 49 years.Participants with missing key variables were excluded.Standardized protocols were used to collect demographic,lifestyle,anthropo-metric[body mass index(BMI),body roundness index(BRI),waist circumference(WC)],and self-reported CRC data.Logistic regression and propensity score matching assessed associations between obesity-related parameters and eoCRC.Statistical analyses were performed in R and Stata,with P<0.05 defined as significant.RESULTS Of 30321 participants,48 received a diagnosis of eoCRC.Patients with eoCRC were older(mean age 39.96 years vs 34.36 years;P<0.001)and had higher WC and BRI.None of the eoCRC patients were heavy drinkers(P=0.006).Unadjusted models demonstrated significant associations of eoCRC with BRI quartiles,as well as BMI-defined obesity,WC,and smoking.In unadjusted models,BRI remained the strongest independent predictor;those in the highest BRI quartiles had over 10-fold greater odds of eoCRC.In fully adjusted models,BRI remained significant,but BMI-and waist-based obesity were not.CONCLUSION BRI is a stronger predictor of eoCRC risk compared to other obesity indices and is a superior tool for identifying young individuals at higher risk of CRC.
文摘Objective:To summarize the clinical data and nursing experience of 5 cases of pregnant women with combined heart disease in pregnancy after cesarean section,followed by termination of pregnancy and then cardiac surgery in the postoperative period,to provide clinical experience for the care of such patients in the future.Methods:Retrospective analysis of the treatment and nursing process of 5 cases of pregnant women with pregnancy-related heart disease admitted to the hospital’s department from May 16,2023,to September 19,2024,after cesarean section for termination of pregnancy,followed by cardiac surgery.For postoperative patients after cesarean section,using the“waist bag”type sandbag hemostasis method to prevent intra-abdominal pressure poly drop caused by heart rate,blood pressure abnormal treatment,and hemostatic effect,reduces the frequency of hemostatic drugs[1].Strict monitoring of vital signs and hemodynamic monitoring,to maintain access and stability of the internal environment,digestive system care.Result:Five pregnant women with heart disease who underwent surgery all recovered and were discharged after appropriate nursing measures were taken.The average length of hospital stay for the five patients was(20±14.3)days.Conclusion:For pregnant women with complicated heart disease who undergo cesarean section to terminate pregnancy followed by cardiac surgery,it is essential to strengthen specialized monitoring and clearly define key observation points.Focused treatment and nursing care can help reduce postoperative complications,support patient recovery and self-care,and shorten hospital stays.This approach provides valuable clinical guidance for managing similar cases in the future.It is of clinical significance for future cardiac surgery after cesarean section in pregnant women with complicated heart disease.
基金supported by the“1·3·5 Project”for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University,China(ZYGD18017)。
文摘Although body mass index(BMI)is widely used as a simple tool to assess obesity,it has certain limitations and inaccuracies.It is known that visceral adipose tissue is closely related to cardiometabolic risks and all-cause mortality;however,precise measurement methods for visceral fat(magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography)cannot be widely used.Thus,simple but accurate alternatives are valuable.Studies have shown that waist circumference-to-height ratio(WHtR)might be a superior and more accurate variable in assessing central or visceral adiposity as well as predicting risks of diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases.Furthermore,WHtR cutoff values can be consistent across different races,age,and genders,making it a universal metric worth promoting and applying.
文摘BACKGROUND There are limited studies investigating the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in the region of Bihar,India.AIM To estimate the prevalence of NAFLD in persons with newly diagnosed T2DM in the population of North Bihar,India.METHODS This single centre cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Research Centre for Diabetes Hypertension and Obesity,Samastipur,Bihar,India.Data were collected from persons newly diagnosed with T2DM or those diagnosed within 6 months of when the study was conducted between December 2022 to May 2023.RESULTS A total of 148 people with newly diagnosed T2DM were included(median age 47 years,46.6%female)and 109 patients with liver disease on ultrasound evaluation.The persons with liver disease consumed more fats and oils(88.1%vs 74.4%,P=0.042)and they had significantly greater body mass index(27.4 vs 23.0,P<0.001),waist circumference(37 vs 33,P<0.001),and waist-to-hip ratio(1.00 vs 0.70,P=0.025).Females were associated with greater liver disease[odds ratio(OR):3.09,95%confidence interval(CI):1.09-8.80,P=0.32].Waist circumference(OR:1.42,95%CI:1.22-1.66,P<0.001)and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(OR:1.01,95%CI:1.01-1.02,P=0.048)were associated with any liver disease.The factors most associated with grade 2/3 liver disease was right upper quadrant pain or heaviness(OR:5.22,95%CI:1.40-19.41,P=0.14),greater income(OR:3.58,95%CI:1.28-10.04,P=0.015)and waist circumference(OR:1.31,95%CI:1.02-1.69,P=0.036).CONCLUSION NAFLD is common in new/recently diagnosed T2DM and disease burden is high and common among patients who are either high consumers of fats and oils or have obesity-associated markers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[no.81903336,Yi-de Yang]the Health Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission[no.202112031516,Yi-de Yang]+3 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department[no.22B0038,Yi-de Yang]the Research Team for Reproduction Health and Translational Medicine of Hunan Normal University[2023JC101]Key Project of Developmental Biology and Breeding from Hunan Province[no.2022XKQ0205]Open Project for Postgraduates of Hunan Normal University[no.KF2022019,Tianli Xiao].
文摘Objective Hypertriglyceridemic waist(HW),hypertriglyceridemic waist-to-height ratio(HWHtR),and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)have been shown to be indicators of cardiometabolic risk factors.However,it is not clear which indicator is more suitable for children and adolescents.We aimed to investigate the relationship between HW,HWHtR,WHR,and cardiovascular risk factors clustering to determine the best screening tools for cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.Methods This was a national cross-sectional study.Anthropometric and biochemical variables were assessed in approximately 70,000 participants aged 6–18 years from seven provinces in China.Demographics,physical activity,dietary intake,and family history of chronic diseases were obtained through questionnaires.ANOVA,χ2 and logistic regression analysis was conducted.Results A significant sex difference was observed for HWHtR and WHR,but not for HW phenotype.The risk of cardiometabolic health risk factor clustering with HW phenotype or the HWHtR phenotype was significantly higher than that with the non-HW or non-HWHtR phenotypes among children and adolescents(HW:OR=12.22,95%CI:9.54-15.67;HWHtR:OR=9.70,95%CI:6.93-13.58).Compared with the HW and HWHtR phenotypes,the association between risk of cardiometabolic health risk factors(CHRF)clustering and high WHR was much weaker and not significant(WHR:OR=1.14,95%CI:0.97-1.34).Conclusion Compared with HWHtR and WHR,the HW phenotype is a more convenient indicator with higher applicability to screen children and adolescents for cardiovascular risk factors.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.2023MS419.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has not been thoroughly understood,the emerging roles of anthropometric indicators in assessing and predicting the risk of NAFLD have been highlighted by accumulating evidence.AIM To evaluate the causal relationships between five anthropometric indicators and NAFLD employing Mendelian randomization(MR)design.METHODS The Anthropometric Consortium provided genetic exposure data for five anthropometric indicators,including hip circumference(HC),waist circumference(WC),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),body mass index(BMI),and body fat percentage(BF).Genetic outcome data for NAFLD were obtained from the United Kingdom Biobank and FinnGen Consortium.Genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen as instrumental variables.Univariable MR(UVMR)and multivariable MR(MVMR)designs with analytical approaches,including inverse variance weighted(IVW),MR-Egger,weighted median(WM),and weighted mode methods,were used to assess the causal relationships between anthropometric indicators and NAFLD.RESULTS Causal relationships were revealed by UVMR,indicating that a higher risk of NAFLD was associated with a perunit increase in WC[IVW:odds ratio(OR)=2.67,95%CI:1.42-5.02,P=2.25×10^(−3)],and BF was causally associated with an increased risk of NAFLD(WM:OR=2.23,95%CI:1.07-4.66,P=0.033).The presence of causal effects of WC on the decreased risk of NAFLD was supported by MVMR after adjusting for BMI and smoking.However,no causal association between BF and NAFLD was observed.In addition,other causal relationships of HC,WHR(BMI adjusted),and BMI with the risk of NAFLD were not retained after FDR correction.CONCLUSION This study establishes a causal relationship,indicating that an increase in WC is associated with a higher risk of NAFLD.This demonstrates that a suitable decrease in WC is advantageous for preventing NAFLD.
基金State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment(S22303)Fundamental Research Funds for the CentralUniversities(DUT22LK16,DUT21LK35)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12002071).
文摘Large deflection postbuckling responses of metamaterial cylindrical shells perforated by arrayed circular holes are investigated through a newly proposed theoretical model incorporating with finite element method and experiment.The triggering of an unusual pattern transformation under compressive load(that shows special hyperelastic metamaterial characteristics)contributes to the particularity of the postbucklingmodes,in which the axisymmetric waisted and non-axisymmetric postbuckling configurations of perforated cylindrical shells are identified.The transformations of postbucking modes are mainly affected by global outline sizes of the shell and local geometrical parameters of holes.The structural load-carrying capacity for the waisted postbuckling response suffers a sudden drop and recovers when the holes collapse.Comparatively,the shell would undergo a sustained fall off under non-axisymmetric postbuckling states.The negative Poisson’s ratio induced by pattern transformation plays a key role and a critical effective threshold value exists,inducing the waisted postbuckling mode.The revealed principles would be of benefit for achieving a controllable structural stability that is usually difficult to implement on those conventional structures.
文摘Objective For prevention of obesity in Chinese population, it is necessary to definethe optimal range of healthy weight and the appropriate cut-off points of BMI and waistcircumference for Chinese adults. The Working Group on Obesity in China under the supportof International Life Sciences Institute Focal Point in China organized a meta-analysis on therelation between BMI, waist circumference and risk factors of related chronic diseases (e. g.,high diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and lipoprotein disorders). Methods 13 population studiesin all met the criteria for enrollment, with data of 239 972 adults (20-70 year) surveyed inthe 1990s. Data on waist circumference was available for 111411 persons and data on serumlipids and glucose were available for more than 80 000. The study populations located in21provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China's Mainland as well as inTaiwan. Each enrolled study provided data according to a common protocol and uniformformat. The Center for data management in Department of Epidemiology, Fu Wai Hospitalwas responsible for statistical analysis. Results and conclusion The prevalence ofhypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and clustering of risk factors all increased withincreasing levels of BMI or waist circumference. BMI at 24 with best sensitivity andspecificity for identification of the risk factors, was recommended as the cut-off point foroverweight, BMI at 28 which may identify the risk factors with specificity around 90 % wasrecommended as the cut-off point for obesity. Waist circumference beyond 85 cm for menand beyond 80 cm for women were recommended as the cut-off points for central obesity.Analysis of population attributable risk percent illustrated that reducing BMI to normalrange (<24) could prevent 45%-50% clustering of risk factors. Treatment of obese persons(BMI≥28)with drugs could prevent 15%-17% clustering of risk factors. The waistcircumference controlled under 85 cm for men and under 80 cm for women, could prevent47%-58% clustering of risk factors. According to these, a classification of overweight andobesity for Chinese adults is recommended.
基金supported by the Research Fund from Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of ChinaProject of MOST 11th Five Year Plan 2008BAI56B04
文摘Objective Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, many indexes can be used to describes obesity and predict diabetes. This research attempts to identify the best indicator of obesity to screening diabetes in Chinese population. Methods A cross-sectional data of 8121 subjects aged 35-60 years were included in this research belongs to the Diabetes Appropriate Technology Intervention Study. Anthropometric indicators including body weight, height, waist circumferences （WC）, body fat index （BFI） and visceral fat index （VFI） and blood biochemical indicators after an overnight fast [fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein （HDL） cholesterol, and triacylglycerol] were measured. BMI （body mass index） and Weight to Height Ratio was calculated. Results Subjects with obesity had a higher risk of physician diagnosed diabetes （0R=2.50, 95% CI 1.83-3.43）, new diagnosed diabetes （0R=4.23, 95% Cl 2.91-6.15） and pre-diabetes （0R=1.75, 95% CI 1.31-2.34） compared to those with normal Body mass index （BMI）. There was a significant trend of increased risk of all diabetes status with increased waist circumference （WC）. The waist-to-height ratio （WHtR） yielded the most significant association with new diagnosed diabetes and physician diagnosed diabetes than other indices. Conclusion Central obesity is significantly correlated with diabetes. VFI was most correlated with pre-diabetes while WHtR is an efficient screening index than BMI and WC in Chinese community diabetes screening.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,No.2017YFC0908900National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873565 and No.81900507Hospital Funded Clinical Research,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,No.17CSK04 and No.15LC06.
文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world.Nowadays,the percentage of non-obese or lean patients with NAFLD is increasing.NAFLD in non-obese populations,especially the lean subgroup with a normal waist circumference(WC),might lead to more problems than obese individuals,as these individuals may not visit clinics for NAFLD diagnosis or ignore the diagnosis of NAFLD.If the precise characteristics of these populations,especially the lean subgroup,are identified,the clinicians would be able to provide more appropriate advice and treatment to these populations.AIM To investigate the prevalence,clinical characteristics,risk factors,and possible indicators for NAFLD in lean Chinese adults with a normal WC.METHODS People without diabetes mellitus or significant alcohol consumption who underwent routine health examinations were included.Their fatty liver index(FLI),abdominal ultrasonography results,and controlled attenuation parameter were all assessed.Genotyping for single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NAFLD was performed in another small group consisting of biopsy-proven NAFLD subjects and healthy controls.RESULTS A total of 2715 subjects who underwent routine health examinations were included in the study.Among 810 lean participants with a normal WC,142(17.5%)fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for NAFLD.Waist-height ratio,hemoglobin,platelets,and triglycerides were significant factors associated with the presence of NAFLD in these participants.The appropriate cut-off value of the FLI score in screening for NAFLD in the lean subjects with a normal WC was 25.15,which had a 77.8%sensitivity and 75.9%specificity.There was no significant difference in the single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the SIRT1,APOC3,PNPLA3,AGTR1,and PPARGC1A genes between lean subjects with and without NAFLD(P<0.05).CONCLUSION NAFLD is not uncommon in lean Chinese adults even with a normal WC.Metabolic factors,rather than genetic factors,may play important roles in the development of NAFLD in this population.A lower cut-off value of the FLI score in screening for NAFLD should be used for lean Chinese adults with a normal WC.
基金Funded by International Life Sciences Institute,Focal Point in China.
文摘Background Waist circumference （WC）, a proxy measure of central body fat, is a better predictor than overall body fat for cardiovascular risk factors in both adults and children. WC cutoffs have been established in many countries, but the national WC reference has not been developed in China. Objective To study the distribution of WC in a representative group of Chinese children for establishing Chinese WC cutoff points. Methods Cross-sectional data obtained from 15 mainland provinces and Hong Kong were collected. There were 160 225 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years old in total. The subjects were divided into five regional groups namely costal city, other city, noah rural, south rural, and Hong Kong, for analyzing the distribution of WC. Results A large variation in WC distribution was found among the five groups for both sexes. Coastal city group had the highest P85 WC values consistently from the early school ages to 18-year-old compared with other groups. In contrast, south rural group had P85 values consistently lagged behind not only the city groups but also the north rural group. Hong Kong group had a high P85 WC at early ages, but because of the smaller increments of WC during adolescence, the P85 curve was gradually exceeded by the north rural groups. Catch-up trend was found in the two rural groups since the peak of puberty. These disparities were caused by not only socioeconomic and urban-rural factors but also north-south differences. Because of the regional variation of WC, a ＂gradient＂ prevalence of central obesity was prospected among these groups. Comparisons of WC distributions between the Chinese and the U.S.A or Netherlands demonstrated the necessary of setting up China＇s own WC cutoffs. Sex and age-specific percentiles were obtained and smoothed by using LMS method. Conclusion The data obtained from this study could be used to develop national WC cutoff points for Chinese children and adolescents.
基金supported by grants from the Chinese Medical Association Foundation and Chinese Diabetes Society
文摘Objective To study the effectiveness of waist circumference cut-off values in predicting the prevalence of metabolic syndrome （MetS） and risk factors in adults in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was condcuted in 14 provinces （autonomous region, municipality） in China. A total of 47 325 adults aged 〉20 years were selected by multistage stratified sampling, and questionnaire survey and physical and clinical examination were conducted among them. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation （IDF） criteria and modified IDF criteria.Results The age-standardized prevalence of MetS was 24.2% （22.1% in men and 25.8% in women） and 19.5% （22.1% in men and 18.0% in women} according to the IDF criteria and modified IDF criteria respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of pre-MetS was 8.1% （8.6% in men and 7.8% in women） according to the modified IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS was higher in urban residents than rural residents and in northern China residents than in southern China residents. The prevalence of central obesity was about 30% in both men and women according to the ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference for central obesity （90 cm for men and 85 cm for women）. Multivariate regression analysis revealed no significant difference in risk factors between the two MetS definitions. Conclusion Using both the modified IDF criteria and ethnicity-specific cut-off values of waist circumference can provide more useful information about the prevalence of MetS in China.
文摘TO evaluate the association between obesity and colorectal cancer risk.METHODS:We searched PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library up to January 1,2007.Cohort studies permitting the assessment of causal association between obesity and colorectal cancer,with clear definition of obesity and well-defined outcome of colorectal cancer were eligible.Study design,sample size at baseline,mean follow-up time,co-activators and study results were extracted.Pooled standardized effect sizes were calculated.
基金This research was pooled from nine previous studies which were supported by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science and Technology in China (2001DEA30035, 2003DIA6N08)Department of Paediatrics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and Hong Kong Paediatric Society (grant H030930030130)+3 种基金Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Y043204, NSFC30500419)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China 2005, Chongqing Health Bureau (07-2-156)State Sport General Administration (06134)the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of Beijing’s Haidian District, and European Nutricia Fund.
文摘Objectives To explore the optimal threshold values of waist circumference （WC） for detecting cardiovascular （CV） risk factors among Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Association of WC with CV risk factors was studied among 65 898 children aged 7-18 years whose data were pooled from nine previous studies in China. CV risk factors in this study included hypertension （blood pressure above 95 percentile levels）, dyslipidemia （with one or more of the following three indexes： TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L, TC ≥ 5.18 mmol/L, and HDL-C ≤ 1.04 mmol/L） and elevated glucose level （fasting plasma glucose ≥5.6 mmol/L）. Receive-operating characteristic analysis （ROC） and logistic regression were employed to derive optimal age- and sex-specific waist circumference references for predicting CV risk factors. Results A slight increasing trend of CV risk factors was observed starting from the 75th percentile of waist circumference in the study population, while a remarkable increasing trend occurred from the 90th percentile. The optimal waist circumference thresholds for predicting high blood pressures were at the 75th percentile for both boys and girls, which was at the 90th percentiles for detecting at least two of the above three CV risk factors. In comparison with children with waist circumference below the 75th percentile, the odds ratio of two CV risk factors doubled among children with waist circumference between the 75th and the 90th percentile, and increased by 6 times among children with waist circumference above the 90th percentile. The trend of high blood pressure increasing with waist circumference remained significant after having been stratified by BMI category. Conclusion The 75th and the 90th percentiles of WC are the optimal cut-off points for predicting an increased and a substantially increased risk of CV factors in Chinese children and adolescents, respectively.
