Wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） can represent risks source for human health and environment, due to the use of chemicals and substances produced by the treatment process. In particular, considering a conventiona...Wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） can represent risks source for human health and environment, due to the use of chemicals and substances produced by the treatment process. In particular, considering a conventional urban wastewater treatment plant, two case studies have been considered in this paper： the phase of disinfection with Peracetic Acid （PAA）, used as reactant and the sludge anaerobic digestion, generating biogas. The aim of the experience is to find out some management suggestions that could make safer these sections of a WWTP.展开更多
This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,t...This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,treated with the Fenton reaction for wet peroxidation,and separated by density separation.Analysis employed Focal Plane Array Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FPA micro-FTIR),a widely used technique in MPs analysis,alongside the less common Laser Direct Infrared Spectroscopy(LDIR),providing complementary data on particle composition,shape,size,and colour.To enhance insights,spectroscopic methods were supplemented with Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(TD-GC/MS),calibrated for specific polymers,to quantify MPs by mass and assess removal efficiency.Wastewater treatment effectively reduced MPs.In influent samples,concentrations reached 72 MPs/L(FTIR),2117 MPs/L(LDIR),and 177μg/L(TD-GC/MS).Primary treatments removed 41%–55%,while the wastewater treatment plant effluent contained 1 MPs/L(FTIR),93 MPs/L(LDIR),and 2μg/L(TD-GC/MS),reflecting 96%–99%removal efficiency.Activated sludge showed concentrations of 123 MPs/L(FTIR),10,800 MPs/L(LDIR),and 0.3 mg/g dry weight(TD-GC/MS),underscoring its role in MPs capture.However,sludge dewatering released significant MPs into centrifuge rejected water:484 MPs/L(FTIR),23,000 MPs/L(LDIR),and 1100μg/L(TD-GC/MS).These results highlight the effectiveness of conventional treatments in MPs removal and the critical role of sludge in capturing these contaminants.However,sludge dewatering poses a risk of reintroducing MPs into the environment.Effective sludge management should prioritize nutrient recovery and biomass valorisation to mitigate these risks and minimise harmful environmental impacts.展开更多
【目的】本文旨在设计阶段初步明晰选址方案、工艺路线及排放标准等对污水处理厂在运营期间碳排放量的影响。【方法】文章以设计参数为依据,计算并对比不同规划方案(方案1与方案2)下污水处理厂的碳排放量差异,旨在为污水处理厂建设过程...【目的】本文旨在设计阶段初步明晰选址方案、工艺路线及排放标准等对污水处理厂在运营期间碳排放量的影响。【方法】文章以设计参数为依据,计算并对比不同规划方案(方案1与方案2)下污水处理厂的碳排放量差异,旨在为污水处理厂建设过程中合理布局、采用绿色低碳工艺路线提供参考。【结果】碳排放核算边界包括规划污水处理厂及规划配套污泥处理设施,通过计算直接碳排放、间接碳排放及碳补偿量,得出2种方案的碳排放强度分别为0.563 kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)和0.550 kgCO_(2)-eq/m^(3)。影响不同方案碳排放量的主要因素:(1)方案1与方案2分别采用污泥焚烧与污泥焚烧和厌氧消化相结合的方式,致使污泥处置的碳排放量与碳补偿量存在不同;(2)污水处理排放标准越高,直接排放核算范围内的受纳水体碳排放强度越低;(3)污水处理厂及污泥处理厂的位置及规模不同,导致运输带来的间接排放有较大差异;(4)由于各厂区绿化方案存在不同,因此其带来的碳补偿量亦有所不同,但与污泥能量利用所带来的碳补偿量相比几乎可以忽略不计。【结论】因此,在设计阶段应着重考虑不同的出水标准、工艺路线所带来的碳排放差异。此外,也应考虑污水处理厂与污泥处理厂的协同作用,尽量减少因污泥异地处置运输所带来的间接排放,从而有效减少污水厂在运营阶段碳排放量。展开更多
【目的】“3060”碳目标的提出,激励各个行业聚焦“双碳”问题。污水处理过程中产生碳源和碳汇,对其进行核算是非常有必要的。【方法】文章针对运营企业层面,研究污水处理厂碳排放影响因素,进一步分析碳排放特征和碳中和潜力,为污水处...【目的】“3060”碳目标的提出,激励各个行业聚焦“双碳”问题。污水处理过程中产生碳源和碳汇,对其进行核算是非常有必要的。【方法】文章针对运营企业层面,研究污水处理厂碳排放影响因素,进一步分析碳排放特征和碳中和潜力,为污水处理厂低碳运行调整提供依据。文章通过明确运营企业管理范围内碳排放核算边界,结合实际工艺运行情况选取切实可用的碳核算方法和排放因子,对该运营企业管理的8座污水处理厂展开碳排放核算和分析。【结果】研究显示,该运营企业总碳排放量为1.95×10^(5) t CO_(2)/a,总碳排放强度为0.25 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。8座污水厂年碳排放量为7365.8~53083.1 t CO_(2)/a,碳排放强度为0.17~0.47 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。污水处理厂碳排放强度与吨水电耗相关性系数(R^(2))为0.94,与吨水药耗R^(2)为0.91,从工艺类型考虑,碳排放强度表现为氧化沟<厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)<AAO+膜生物反应器(MBR)<曝气生物滤池(BAF),这主要跟工艺运行电耗、药耗相关;按碳源贡献进行修正的污染物削减综合指数、耗氧污染物削减量,均与碳排放强度相关性增强;在采用光伏发电、再生水回用等减排措施后,WWTP1净碳排放强度为-0.022 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。【结论】该运营企业管理的污水厂采用工艺不同,碳排放差异较大,根本原因是受吨水药耗、吨水电耗的影响;在碳排放研究时,应当考虑碳源对直接碳排放的影响;利用厂区环境和工艺优势,该运营企业管理的污水厂可实现厂区运行碳中和目标。展开更多
【目的】在我国生态文明建设的大背景下,污水处理行业不仅是打好污染防治攻坚战的关键环节,也是温室气体减排的重要领域。因此,明确污水处理厂的碳排放状况,并实施低碳化改造,对于应对气候变化、推动可持续发展至关重要。研究旨在通过...【目的】在我国生态文明建设的大背景下,污水处理行业不仅是打好污染防治攻坚战的关键环节,也是温室气体减排的重要领域。因此,明确污水处理厂的碳排放状况,并实施低碳化改造,对于应对气候变化、推动可持续发展至关重要。研究旨在通过科学的方法和实际案例,探索污水处理厂的低碳化改造路径,为未来污水厂的节能减排工作提供了经验和启示。【方法】研究基于国内现有的碳核算理论框架,选取福建某具有代表性的污水处理厂作为研究对象。利用福建某污水处理厂日处理量、进出水指标、污泥产量、耗电量及药剂消耗量等数据对该污水厂的直接碳排放和间接碳排放进行碳排放核算。通过分析该水厂污水处理碳排放核算结果,因地制宜综合厂区地理位置及周边资源,提出了更换低碳碳源药剂、调节运行参数降低碳排放、优化变频调节设备降低功率、光伏改造能源利用4条减碳措施。【结果】经过一系列低碳化改造并稳定运行8个月后再次进行碳排放核算,该污水处理厂的碳排放强度得到了显著降低。其碳排放强度由改造前的0.7650 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)下降至0.7104 kg CO_(2)/m^(3),取得了显著的环保效益。【结论】污水处理低碳运行应以微观低碳机理为抓手,通过调节运行参数等手段,辅以新能源发电的使用,共同推动污水处理行业向更加低碳、环保的方向发展。展开更多
文摘Wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） can represent risks source for human health and environment, due to the use of chemicals and substances produced by the treatment process. In particular, considering a conventional urban wastewater treatment plant, two case studies have been considered in this paper： the phase of disinfection with Peracetic Acid （PAA）, used as reactant and the sludge anaerobic digestion, generating biogas. The aim of the experience is to find out some management suggestions that could make safer these sections of a WWTP.
基金the Italian Ministry of Universities and Research for funding his PhD scholarship(37th Cycle Ph D Programmes supported by ESF REACT-EU funds,National Operational Programme on Research and Innovation)CSGI(Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase-Center for Colloid and Surface Science),Florence(Italy)for financial support.
文摘This study investigated microplastics(MPs)sized 10–5000μm across stages of a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant using multiple analytical techniques.Samples were collected via pumping and filtration,treated with the Fenton reaction for wet peroxidation,and separated by density separation.Analysis employed Focal Plane Array Micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FPA micro-FTIR),a widely used technique in MPs analysis,alongside the less common Laser Direct Infrared Spectroscopy(LDIR),providing complementary data on particle composition,shape,size,and colour.To enhance insights,spectroscopic methods were supplemented with Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(TD-GC/MS),calibrated for specific polymers,to quantify MPs by mass and assess removal efficiency.Wastewater treatment effectively reduced MPs.In influent samples,concentrations reached 72 MPs/L(FTIR),2117 MPs/L(LDIR),and 177μg/L(TD-GC/MS).Primary treatments removed 41%–55%,while the wastewater treatment plant effluent contained 1 MPs/L(FTIR),93 MPs/L(LDIR),and 2μg/L(TD-GC/MS),reflecting 96%–99%removal efficiency.Activated sludge showed concentrations of 123 MPs/L(FTIR),10,800 MPs/L(LDIR),and 0.3 mg/g dry weight(TD-GC/MS),underscoring its role in MPs capture.However,sludge dewatering released significant MPs into centrifuge rejected water:484 MPs/L(FTIR),23,000 MPs/L(LDIR),and 1100μg/L(TD-GC/MS).These results highlight the effectiveness of conventional treatments in MPs removal and the critical role of sludge in capturing these contaminants.However,sludge dewatering poses a risk of reintroducing MPs into the environment.Effective sludge management should prioritize nutrient recovery and biomass valorisation to mitigate these risks and minimise harmful environmental impacts.
文摘【目的】本文旨在设计阶段初步明晰选址方案、工艺路线及排放标准等对污水处理厂在运营期间碳排放量的影响。【方法】文章以设计参数为依据,计算并对比不同规划方案(方案1与方案2)下污水处理厂的碳排放量差异,旨在为污水处理厂建设过程中合理布局、采用绿色低碳工艺路线提供参考。【结果】碳排放核算边界包括规划污水处理厂及规划配套污泥处理设施,通过计算直接碳排放、间接碳排放及碳补偿量,得出2种方案的碳排放强度分别为0.563 kg CO_(2)-eq/m^(3)和0.550 kgCO_(2)-eq/m^(3)。影响不同方案碳排放量的主要因素:(1)方案1与方案2分别采用污泥焚烧与污泥焚烧和厌氧消化相结合的方式,致使污泥处置的碳排放量与碳补偿量存在不同;(2)污水处理排放标准越高,直接排放核算范围内的受纳水体碳排放强度越低;(3)污水处理厂及污泥处理厂的位置及规模不同,导致运输带来的间接排放有较大差异;(4)由于各厂区绿化方案存在不同,因此其带来的碳补偿量亦有所不同,但与污泥能量利用所带来的碳补偿量相比几乎可以忽略不计。【结论】因此,在设计阶段应着重考虑不同的出水标准、工艺路线所带来的碳排放差异。此外,也应考虑污水处理厂与污泥处理厂的协同作用,尽量减少因污泥异地处置运输所带来的间接排放,从而有效减少污水厂在运营阶段碳排放量。
文摘【目的】“3060”碳目标的提出,激励各个行业聚焦“双碳”问题。污水处理过程中产生碳源和碳汇,对其进行核算是非常有必要的。【方法】文章针对运营企业层面,研究污水处理厂碳排放影响因素,进一步分析碳排放特征和碳中和潜力,为污水处理厂低碳运行调整提供依据。文章通过明确运营企业管理范围内碳排放核算边界,结合实际工艺运行情况选取切实可用的碳核算方法和排放因子,对该运营企业管理的8座污水处理厂展开碳排放核算和分析。【结果】研究显示,该运营企业总碳排放量为1.95×10^(5) t CO_(2)/a,总碳排放强度为0.25 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。8座污水厂年碳排放量为7365.8~53083.1 t CO_(2)/a,碳排放强度为0.17~0.47 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。污水处理厂碳排放强度与吨水电耗相关性系数(R^(2))为0.94,与吨水药耗R^(2)为0.91,从工艺类型考虑,碳排放强度表现为氧化沟<厌氧/缺氧/好氧(AAO)<AAO+膜生物反应器(MBR)<曝气生物滤池(BAF),这主要跟工艺运行电耗、药耗相关;按碳源贡献进行修正的污染物削减综合指数、耗氧污染物削减量,均与碳排放强度相关性增强;在采用光伏发电、再生水回用等减排措施后,WWTP1净碳排放强度为-0.022 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)。【结论】该运营企业管理的污水厂采用工艺不同,碳排放差异较大,根本原因是受吨水药耗、吨水电耗的影响;在碳排放研究时,应当考虑碳源对直接碳排放的影响;利用厂区环境和工艺优势,该运营企业管理的污水厂可实现厂区运行碳中和目标。
文摘【目的】在我国生态文明建设的大背景下,污水处理行业不仅是打好污染防治攻坚战的关键环节,也是温室气体减排的重要领域。因此,明确污水处理厂的碳排放状况,并实施低碳化改造,对于应对气候变化、推动可持续发展至关重要。研究旨在通过科学的方法和实际案例,探索污水处理厂的低碳化改造路径,为未来污水厂的节能减排工作提供了经验和启示。【方法】研究基于国内现有的碳核算理论框架,选取福建某具有代表性的污水处理厂作为研究对象。利用福建某污水处理厂日处理量、进出水指标、污泥产量、耗电量及药剂消耗量等数据对该污水厂的直接碳排放和间接碳排放进行碳排放核算。通过分析该水厂污水处理碳排放核算结果,因地制宜综合厂区地理位置及周边资源,提出了更换低碳碳源药剂、调节运行参数降低碳排放、优化变频调节设备降低功率、光伏改造能源利用4条减碳措施。【结果】经过一系列低碳化改造并稳定运行8个月后再次进行碳排放核算,该污水处理厂的碳排放强度得到了显著降低。其碳排放强度由改造前的0.7650 kg CO_(2)/m^(3)下降至0.7104 kg CO_(2)/m^(3),取得了显著的环保效益。【结论】污水处理低碳运行应以微观低碳机理为抓手,通过调节运行参数等手段,辅以新能源发电的使用,共同推动污水处理行业向更加低碳、环保的方向发展。
