[Objective]The aim was to explore the function of WRKY transcription factor in tomato.[Method]The primers were designed in this study according to the obtained WRKY fragments,and the total RNA from tomato treated with...[Objective]The aim was to explore the function of WRKY transcription factor in tomato.[Method]The primers were designed in this study according to the obtained WRKY fragments,and the total RNA from tomato treated with 100 μmol/L of JA for 6 h was used as the template for RT-PCR.[Result]The 608 bp fragment was obtained from tomato with RT-PCR method.Sequence analysis indicated that this sequence contained WRKYGQK conservative domain and the similarity with Capsicum annuum WRKY-c and Nicotiana tabacum NtWRKY-7 were 79% and 74%,respectively.[Conclusion]WRKY gene sequence in tomato was cloned successfully.展开更多
WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory function...WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.展开更多
Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plan...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.展开更多
基金Supported by Beijing Nature Science Foundation(5102015)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to explore the function of WRKY transcription factor in tomato.[Method]The primers were designed in this study according to the obtained WRKY fragments,and the total RNA from tomato treated with 100 μmol/L of JA for 6 h was used as the template for RT-PCR.[Result]The 608 bp fragment was obtained from tomato with RT-PCR method.Sequence analysis indicated that this sequence contained WRKYGQK conservative domain and the similarity with Capsicum annuum WRKY-c and Nicotiana tabacum NtWRKY-7 were 79% and 74%,respectively.[Conclusion]WRKY gene sequence in tomato was cloned successfully.
基金This work was supported by Shandong Agricultural University,China,SDA-2014.
文摘WRKY transcription factors are known mostly for their function in plant defense,abiotic stress responses,senescence,seed germination,and development of the pollen,embryo,and seed.Here,we report the regulatory functions of two WRKY proteins in photomorphogenesis and PIF4 expression.PIF4 is a critical signaling hub in light,temperature,and hormonal signaling pathways.Either its expression or its accumulation peaks in the morning and afternoon.WRKY2 and WRKY10 form heterodimers and recognize their target site in the PIF4 promoter near the MYB element that is bound by CCA1 and LHY under red and blue light.WRKY2 and WRKY10 interact directly with CCA1/LHY to enhance their targeting but interact indirectly with SHB1.The two WRKY proteins also interact with phyB,and their interaction enhances the targeting of CCA1 and LHY to the PIF4 promoter.SHB1 associates with theWRKY2 andWRKY10 loci and enhances their expression in parallel with the PIF4 expression peaks.This forward regulatory loop further sustains the accumulation of the two WRKY proteins and the targeting of CCA1/LHY to the PIF4 locus.In summary,interactions of two WRKY proteins with CCA1/LHY and phyB maintain an optimal expression level of PIF4 toward noon and afternoon,which is essential to sketch the circadian pattern of PIF4 expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270655).
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.
