Background and Purpose - MRI segmentation and mapping techniques were used to assess evidence in support of categorical distinctions between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH). Q...Background and Purpose - MRI segmentation and mapping techniques were used to assess evidence in support of categorical distinctions between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH). Qualitative MRI studies generally identify 2 categories of WMH on the basis of anatomical localization. Separate pathophysiologies and behavioral consequences are often attributed to these 2 classes of WMH. However, evidence to support these empirical distinctions has not been rigorously sought. Methods - MRI analysis of 55 subjects included quantification of WMH volume, mapping onto a common anatomical image, and spatial localization of each WMH voxel. WMH locations were then divided into PVWMH and DWMH on the basis of distance from the lateral ventricles and correlations, with total WMH volume determined. Periventricular distance histograms of WMH voxels were also calculated. Results - PVWMH and DWMH were highly correlated with total WMH (R2 > 0.95) and with each other (R2 >0.87). Mapping of all WMH revealed smooth expansion from around central cerebrospinal fluid spaces into more distal cerebral white matter with increasing WMH volume. Conclusion - PVWMH, DWMH, and total WMH are highly correlated with each other. Moreover, spatial analysis failed to identify distinct subpopulations for PVWMH and DWMH. These results suggest that categorical distinctions between PVWMH and DWMH may be arbitrary, and conclusions regarding individual relationships between causal factors or behavior for PVWMH and DWMH may more accurately reflect total WMH volume relationships.展开更多
Objective Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the key to diagnosing and treating various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal lnc RNAs in white matter hyperintensiti...Objective Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the key to diagnosing and treating various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal lnc RNAs in white matter hyperintensities(WMH).Methods We used high-throughput sequencing to determine the differential expression(DE) profiles of lnc RNAs in plasma exosomes from WMH patients and controls. The sequencing results were verified in a validation cohort using q RT-PCR. The diagnostic potential of candidate exosomal lnc RNAs was proven by binary logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. The diagnostic value of DE exo-lnc RNAs was determined by the area under the curve(AUC). The WMH group was then divided into subgroups according to the Fazekas scale and white matter lesion site, and the correlation of DE exo-lnc RNAs in the subgroup was evaluated.Results In our results, four DE exo-lnc RNAs were identified, and ROC curve analysis revealed that exolnc_011797 and exo-lnc_004326 exhibited diagnostic efficacy for WMH. Furthermore, WMH subgroup analysis showed exo-lnc_011797 expression was significantly increased in Fazekas 3 patients and was significantly elevated in patients with paraventricular matter hyperintensities.Conclusion Plasma exosomal lnc RNAs have potential diagnostic value in WMH. Moreover, exolnc_011797 is considered to be a predictor of the severity and location of WMH.展开更多
A mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of having a stroke as a person ages. The age component was derived from the concept that the change in risk of stroke with age is a function of the current risk o...A mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of having a stroke as a person ages. The age component was derived from the concept that the change in risk of stroke with age is a function of the current risk of developing a stroke. This equation modeled the trend with age reported in the literature for two different data sets with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.97 or better for both men and women. A second equation of a similar nature was developed to predict the accumulation of white matter hyperintensities, WMH, as a person ages. It appears that each equation includes a set of common risk factors. This set of common risk factors allows an individual’s risk for stroke to be based on measured WMH. A third equation links WMH with the risk of developing a stroke. This equation allows an individual to use measured WMH from brain scans to predict the future risk of developing a stroke. In theory, a person with a relatively high measurement of WMH can project future risk for stroke with age and use counter measures such as exercise and medications to keep other risk factors low as a person continues to age.展开更多
Age-related cerebral white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)are a ubiquitous finding on MRI in older individuals.They are associated with cognitive decline,dementia,disability and death.Changes are thought to result from ...Age-related cerebral white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)are a ubiquitous finding on MRI in older individuals.They are associated with cognitive decline,dementia,disability and death.Changes are thought to result from small infarcts secondary to arteriosclerosis.However,the anatomic distribution of WMHs is often non-arterial,and one that parallels the deep venous system.There is discrepant evidence for the role of conventional vascular risk factors such as hypertension,carotid atherosclerosis and diabetes in age-related WMHs.Interventions targeting these vascular risk factors lack efficacy in preventing the progression of disease.There is evidence for age-related hemodynamic cervical venous dysfunction resulting in reduced internal jugular vein venous compliance,venous dilatation and venous reflux.Increased blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability is also noted with aging.Both hemodynamic venous dysfunction and increased BBB permeability are associated with WMHs.It is proposed that age-related WMHs are a sequalae of venous dysfunction.Venous dysfunction results initially in increased transmission of venous pressures to the brain.Subsequent BBB disruption leads to increased permeability with progression to end-stage findings of age-related WMHs.展开更多
文摘Background and Purpose - MRI segmentation and mapping techniques were used to assess evidence in support of categorical distinctions between periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PVWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH). Qualitative MRI studies generally identify 2 categories of WMH on the basis of anatomical localization. Separate pathophysiologies and behavioral consequences are often attributed to these 2 classes of WMH. However, evidence to support these empirical distinctions has not been rigorously sought. Methods - MRI analysis of 55 subjects included quantification of WMH volume, mapping onto a common anatomical image, and spatial localization of each WMH voxel. WMH locations were then divided into PVWMH and DWMH on the basis of distance from the lateral ventricles and correlations, with total WMH volume determined. Periventricular distance histograms of WMH voxels were also calculated. Results - PVWMH and DWMH were highly correlated with total WMH (R2 > 0.95) and with each other (R2 >0.87). Mapping of all WMH revealed smooth expansion from around central cerebrospinal fluid spaces into more distal cerebral white matter with increasing WMH volume. Conclusion - PVWMH, DWMH, and total WMH are highly correlated with each other. Moreover, spatial analysis failed to identify distinct subpopulations for PVWMH and DWMH. These results suggest that categorical distinctions between PVWMH and DWMH may be arbitrary, and conclusions regarding individual relationships between causal factors or behavior for PVWMH and DWMH may more accurately reflect total WMH volume relationships.
文摘Objective Exosomal long noncoding RNAs(lnc RNAs) are the key to diagnosing and treating various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of plasma exosomal lnc RNAs in white matter hyperintensities(WMH).Methods We used high-throughput sequencing to determine the differential expression(DE) profiles of lnc RNAs in plasma exosomes from WMH patients and controls. The sequencing results were verified in a validation cohort using q RT-PCR. The diagnostic potential of candidate exosomal lnc RNAs was proven by binary logistic analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves. The diagnostic value of DE exo-lnc RNAs was determined by the area under the curve(AUC). The WMH group was then divided into subgroups according to the Fazekas scale and white matter lesion site, and the correlation of DE exo-lnc RNAs in the subgroup was evaluated.Results In our results, four DE exo-lnc RNAs were identified, and ROC curve analysis revealed that exolnc_011797 and exo-lnc_004326 exhibited diagnostic efficacy for WMH. Furthermore, WMH subgroup analysis showed exo-lnc_011797 expression was significantly increased in Fazekas 3 patients and was significantly elevated in patients with paraventricular matter hyperintensities.Conclusion Plasma exosomal lnc RNAs have potential diagnostic value in WMH. Moreover, exolnc_011797 is considered to be a predictor of the severity and location of WMH.
文摘A mathematical model was developed to predict the risk of having a stroke as a person ages. The age component was derived from the concept that the change in risk of stroke with age is a function of the current risk of developing a stroke. This equation modeled the trend with age reported in the literature for two different data sets with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.97 or better for both men and women. A second equation of a similar nature was developed to predict the accumulation of white matter hyperintensities, WMH, as a person ages. It appears that each equation includes a set of common risk factors. This set of common risk factors allows an individual’s risk for stroke to be based on measured WMH. A third equation links WMH with the risk of developing a stroke. This equation allows an individual to use measured WMH from brain scans to predict the future risk of developing a stroke. In theory, a person with a relatively high measurement of WMH can project future risk for stroke with age and use counter measures such as exercise and medications to keep other risk factors low as a person continues to age.
基金Corresponding to:Anish Kapadia.Department of Medical Imaging,University of Toronto,263 McCaul Street,4th Floor,Ontario,Canada.E-mail:anish.kapadia@mail.utoronto.ca。
文摘Age-related cerebral white matter hyperintensities(WMHs)are a ubiquitous finding on MRI in older individuals.They are associated with cognitive decline,dementia,disability and death.Changes are thought to result from small infarcts secondary to arteriosclerosis.However,the anatomic distribution of WMHs is often non-arterial,and one that parallels the deep venous system.There is discrepant evidence for the role of conventional vascular risk factors such as hypertension,carotid atherosclerosis and diabetes in age-related WMHs.Interventions targeting these vascular risk factors lack efficacy in preventing the progression of disease.There is evidence for age-related hemodynamic cervical venous dysfunction resulting in reduced internal jugular vein venous compliance,venous dilatation and venous reflux.Increased blood-brain barrier(BBB)permeability is also noted with aging.Both hemodynamic venous dysfunction and increased BBB permeability are associated with WMHs.It is proposed that age-related WMHs are a sequalae of venous dysfunction.Venous dysfunction results initially in increased transmission of venous pressures to the brain.Subsequent BBB disruption leads to increased permeability with progression to end-stage findings of age-related WMHs.
