Introduction: Management of wounds is one of the commonest, often quite challenging as well, in surgical practice. Dressing is an essential component of wound management. Given its importance in achieving wound healin...Introduction: Management of wounds is one of the commonest, often quite challenging as well, in surgical practice. Dressing is an essential component of wound management. Given its importance in achieving wound healing and its complications, methods of dressing have been under constant review since time immemorial. Many innovative techniques of wound dressing have been introduced for quick and problem-free wound healing. Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) is one of such methods. Objective: To determine whether VAC can help in reducing the healing time of open wounds. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients and Methods: 120 patients with open wounds, surgical or accidental, were included in the study. They were alternatively assigned to either VAC (Group I) 2 or WMD {wet to moist dressing} (Group II). In both groups, the wounds were assessed for surface area, depth and percentage of granulation every 48 hours for 15 days. Mean change in above wound parameters at the end of study period was calculated. The difference between the two groups was statistically analyzed by applying student T test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In Group I, at the end of the study period, mean reduction in the wound surface area and volume was 39.4% and 60.3% respectively, while granulation tissue formation was 59.7%. In Group II, the respective figures were 26.9%, 38.2% and 24.5%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P Conclusion: VAC was more effective than WMD in terms of reduction in wound surface, depth and degree of granulation tissue formation. VAC thus can be usefully employed for achieving speedy wound healing.展开更多
We examine two strategies for the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction （WMD）： ＂sanctions＂ and ＂monitoring and inspections＂. Our main conclusions are summarized as follows. Firstly, there is a substit...We examine two strategies for the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction （WMD）： ＂sanctions＂ and ＂monitoring and inspections＂. Our main conclusions are summarized as follows. Firstly, there is a substitutive relationship between sanctions and monitoring and inspections. We posit that the proliferation of WMD may be prevented through intensified sanctions or increased monitoring and inspections. Secondly, monitoring activities may be decreased through the increased effectiveness of sanctions aimed at preventing proliferation. Thirdly, if the increased development costs of WMD can decrease the need for inspection activities sufficiently, the extent of monitoring activities could also reduce.展开更多
基金Project(52174099)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023RC3050)supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(2023ZZTS0497,CX20230210)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Introduction: Management of wounds is one of the commonest, often quite challenging as well, in surgical practice. Dressing is an essential component of wound management. Given its importance in achieving wound healing and its complications, methods of dressing have been under constant review since time immemorial. Many innovative techniques of wound dressing have been introduced for quick and problem-free wound healing. Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) is one of such methods. Objective: To determine whether VAC can help in reducing the healing time of open wounds. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Setting: Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Patients and Methods: 120 patients with open wounds, surgical or accidental, were included in the study. They were alternatively assigned to either VAC (Group I) 2 or WMD {wet to moist dressing} (Group II). In both groups, the wounds were assessed for surface area, depth and percentage of granulation every 48 hours for 15 days. Mean change in above wound parameters at the end of study period was calculated. The difference between the two groups was statistically analyzed by applying student T test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In Group I, at the end of the study period, mean reduction in the wound surface area and volume was 39.4% and 60.3% respectively, while granulation tissue formation was 59.7%. In Group II, the respective figures were 26.9%, 38.2% and 24.5%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P Conclusion: VAC was more effective than WMD in terms of reduction in wound surface, depth and degree of granulation tissue formation. VAC thus can be usefully employed for achieving speedy wound healing.
文摘We examine two strategies for the nonproliferation of weapons of mass destruction （WMD）： ＂sanctions＂ and ＂monitoring and inspections＂. Our main conclusions are summarized as follows. Firstly, there is a substitutive relationship between sanctions and monitoring and inspections. We posit that the proliferation of WMD may be prevented through intensified sanctions or increased monitoring and inspections. Secondly, monitoring activities may be decreased through the increased effectiveness of sanctions aimed at preventing proliferation. Thirdly, if the increased development costs of WMD can decrease the need for inspection activities sufficiently, the extent of monitoring activities could also reduce.
