The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skil...The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skills and strong will in different kinds of winter sports,such as skiing,skating and ice hockey.展开更多
The South China Sea winter monsoon(SCSWM),an integral component of the East Asian winter monsoon,connects extratropical and tropical regions.Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and PAMIP simulations,the relationship between Arc...The South China Sea winter monsoon(SCSWM),an integral component of the East Asian winter monsoon,connects extratropical and tropical regions.Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and PAMIP simulations,the relationship between Arctic sea ice and the SCSWM is investigated.The authors reveal that its strongest relationship with Arctic sea ice occurs in the North Pacific sector,i.e.,the Sea of Okhotsk and western Bering Sea.This link persists throughout the cold season,peaks when sea ice precedes the SCSWM by one month,and is independent of ENSO.North Pacific sea-ice loss weakens the meridional temperature gradient(MTG)and vertical wind shear in midlatitudes,reducing baroclinic eddy formation.Given the reduced zonal wind according to the thermal wind relation,the reduced wave activity flux in the upper troposphere must be balanced by equatorward wind based on the quasi-geostrophic momentum equation.This generates an anomalous meridional overturning circulation with descent and low-level divergence around 30°N,which intensifies the divergent component of the SCSWM.The divergent northerly anomalies also lead to cold advection and subtropical cooling.The enhanced MTG due to the subtropical cooling and weakened MTG due to high-latitude warming closely tied to reduced North Pacific sea ice displace the westerly jet southward,creating cyclonic shears over the North Pacific and intensifying the rotational component of the SCSWM.These findings establish North Pacific sea ice as a non-ENSO driver of the SCSWM,holding substantial implications for the predictability of the SCSWM.展开更多
Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed so...Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.展开更多
Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two ...Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas.It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space,conduct detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific control.Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2,Landsat-8,and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat,and 22 remote sensing features that characterize the wheat growth status were then calculated.Meanwhile,6 meteorological parameters that reflect the wheat phenological information were also obtained by combining the site meteorological data and spatial interpolation technology.Then,the principal components(PCs)of comprehensive remote sensing and meteorological features were extracted with principal component analysis(PCA).The PCs-based discrimination models were established to map YR and FHB damage using the random forest(RF)and backpropagation neural network(BPNN).The models’performance was verified based on the disease field truth data(57 plots during the filling period)and 5-fold cross-validation.The results revealed that the PCs obtained after PCA dimensionality reduction outperformed the initial features(IFs)from remote sensing and meteorology in discriminating between the two diseases.Compared to the IFs,the average area under the curve for both micro-average and macro-average ROC curves increased by 0.07 in the PCs-based RF models and increased by 0.16 and 0.13,respectively,in the PCs-based BPNN models.Notably,the PCs-based BPNN discrimination model emerged as the most effective,achieving an overall accuracy of 83.9%.Our proposed discrimination model for wheat YR and FHB,coupled with multi-source remote sensing images and meteorological data,overcomes the limitations of a single-sensor and single-phase remote sensing information in multiple stress discrimination in cloudy and rainy areas.It performs well in revealing the damage spatial distribution of the two diseases at a regional scale,providing a basis for detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific prevention and control.展开更多
In winter,the weather is usually cold and everything seems a bit dull.Butthe sun in winter is special.When the sun shines brightly in the clear blue sky,it brings warm(1)to thecold world.The golden sunlight spreads he...In winter,the weather is usually cold and everything seems a bit dull.Butthe sun in winter is special.When the sun shines brightly in the clear blue sky,it brings warm(1)to thecold world.The golden sunlight spreads here and there and it makes the whitesnow shine like diamonds.Although the trees are usually bare in winter,but(2)they look beautiful with the sunlight falling on them.展开更多
I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questi...I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questions from visitors.Everyone was friendly,and I felt happy to help them.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended wi...In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended winter season(November–March).WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs,contributing substantially(32% in winter,11% annually) to total precipitation within WH.WDs are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Ni?o than La Ni?a to the west of WH.During El Ni?o(compared to La Ni?a) years,WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box”(the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs).This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Ni?o periods than La Ni?a periods.A substantial southward shift(~180 km) of the subtropical jet(STJ) axis during El Ni?o brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources,especially the Arabian Sea.We have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)within them.VIMF convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest,and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the highest.Overall,this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ,and moisture convergence,which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.展开更多
The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and...The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and I also learned how to look after myself.I love reading.During the winter holiday,I spent a lot of time reading different kinds of hooks.展开更多
Just picture yourself sipping on a steaming cup of mi lk tea,snowflakes falling gently from the sky.In the distance,mountains blanketed in pure white stretch as far as the eye can see,glimmering like diamonds under th...Just picture yourself sipping on a steaming cup of mi lk tea,snowflakes falling gently from the sky.In the distance,mountains blanketed in pure white stretch as far as the eye can see,glimmering like diamonds under the winter sun.Welcome to Altay,a hidden treasure in China’s Xinjiang autonomous region.Nestled in the northwest,this prefecture has long been an attractive place for culture and leisure alike.This unique location has been shaped into a fascinating blend of influences,where yurts stand alongside modern buildings,and traditional nomadic heritage coexists with contemporary life.展开更多
1 Trees don't create their own heat like mammals do,and they don't have warm shelters or fur coats.So how do they survive the deep freeze of winter?In a way they do hibernate(冬眠)like bears—but in trees this...1 Trees don't create their own heat like mammals do,and they don't have warm shelters or fur coats.So how do they survive the deep freeze of winter?In a way they do hibernate(冬眠)like bears—but in trees this is called dormancy and it's pretty amazing.展开更多
As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape lev...As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied,impeding conservation practice.Here,using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022,we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity(taxonomic,functional,phylogenetic)and assembly patterns(MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic).Then,we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones(5 km),and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories(anthropogenic,ecological,and lake landscape).Finally,we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities.Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions.The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale.In contrast,the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale,while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale.Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well.Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices,while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly.Among anthropogenic factors,aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions,whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity.These factors had consistent effects on community assembly.For ecological variables,grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly.Overall,maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis(DVT)following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures during the winter.Methods:A total of 162 patients who underwent t...Objective:To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis(DVT)following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures during the winter.Methods:A total of 162 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were categorized based on the development of DVT within 7 days postoperatively:28 patients formed the DVT group and 134 patients the non-DVT group.Collected data included age,gender,history of glucocorticoid use,diabetes,hypertension,body mass index(BMI),triglyceride(TG)levels,cholesterol(CHOL)levels at admission,operative time,and postoperative bed rest duration.D-dimer(D-D)and fibrinogen(Fg)levels,along with the D-D/Fg ratio,were recorded on the first postoperative day.Group comparisons were performed using t-tests.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors,and the predictive value of these factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:In the DVT group,18 patients had diabetes.Levels of TG(1.78±0.44 mmol/L),CHOL(4.70±1.84 mmol/L),D-D(0.40±0.17 mg/L),and the D-D/Fg ratio(0.24±0.07)were significantly higher than in the non-DVT group(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio as independent risk factors for DVT,with odds ratios of 0.987,2.395,0.8,4.992,and 9.004,respectively(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis yielded areas under the curve(AUCs)of 0.715,0.69,0.614,and 0.726 for TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio,respectively.Sensitivities were 0.643,0.500,0.429,and 0.857,and specificities were 0.694,0.978,0.918,and 0.537,respectively.Conclusion:Elevated levels of TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio are independent risk factors for DVT following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients.Among these,the D-D/Fg ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity and may serve as an effective marker for early-stage DVT screening.展开更多
Based on conventional observation data,NCEP reanalysis data and observation data of automatic stations,a rainstorm weather process occurring in Shaoguan City during December 14-17,2013 was analyzed.The results show th...Based on conventional observation data,NCEP reanalysis data and observation data of automatic stations,a rainstorm weather process occurring in Shaoguan City during December 14-17,2013 was analyzed.The results show that the main causes of the winter rainstorm in Shaoguan City were the strong southwest airflow at 500 and 700 hPa,high humidity,the influence of a low-pressure trough at 850 hPa,and the southward movement of cold air on the ground.展开更多
Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N co...Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.展开更多
Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria...Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.展开更多
Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter...Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter night warming on the top expanded leaves of the spring wheat cultivar Yangmai 18 and the semi-winter wheat cultivar Yannong 19 during the 2020-2021 growing season.Results showed that the night-time mean temperature in the treatment group was 1.27°C higher than the ambient temperature,and winter night warming increased the yields of both wheat cultivars,the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase after anthesis,and the biosynthesis of sucrose and soluble sugars.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using criteria of P-value<0.05 and fold change>2,and they were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.Genes differentially expressed in wheat leaves treated with night warming were primarily associated with starch and sucrose metabolism,amino acid biosynthesis,carbon metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.Comparisons between the groups identified 14 DEGs related to temperature.These results highlight the effects of winter night warming on wheat development from various perspectives.Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the response of wheat to winter night warming and the candidate genes involved in this process.展开更多
Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relations...Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relationships with the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The EAWM northern mode(EAWM_N) exhibited a consistent and strong connection with the mid-and high-latitude atmospheric circulation during 1979–2013, resembling the Eurasian teleconnection pattern. The positive phase of this pattern enhanced the sea-land pressure gradient across the mid-latitude East Asia and strengthened northerly winds flowing from high latitudes to South China, resulting in a strong EAWM_N. The relationship between the EAWM_N and ENSO shifted from insignificant to significant in the late 1990s, coinciding with a westward transition of the Walker circulation. In contrast, the EAWM southern mode(EAWM_S) was closely associated with an anomalous cyclone over the Philippine Sea and exhibited a stable, robust inverse correlation with ENSO.Projections from 12 CMIP6 models indicated that the unstable negative correlation of EAWM_N with ENSO would intensify, while the robust linkage between EAWM_S and ENSO was expected to persist under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Additionally, increased future variability in the Ni?o 3.4 index, driven by external forcing, corresponded well to enhanced variability of EAWM_S. These findings underscore the necessity for further research into the distinct behaviors of the northern and southern EAWM modes under the background of ongoing climate warming.展开更多
文摘The 9th Asian Winter Games were successfully held in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,China,from February 7 to February 14,2025.This exciting event brought together athletes from all over Asia.They showed their great skills and strong will in different kinds of winter sports,such as skiing,skating and ice hockey.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2022YFF0801701]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 42105017].
文摘The South China Sea winter monsoon(SCSWM),an integral component of the East Asian winter monsoon,connects extratropical and tropical regions.Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and PAMIP simulations,the relationship between Arctic sea ice and the SCSWM is investigated.The authors reveal that its strongest relationship with Arctic sea ice occurs in the North Pacific sector,i.e.,the Sea of Okhotsk and western Bering Sea.This link persists throughout the cold season,peaks when sea ice precedes the SCSWM by one month,and is independent of ENSO.North Pacific sea-ice loss weakens the meridional temperature gradient(MTG)and vertical wind shear in midlatitudes,reducing baroclinic eddy formation.Given the reduced zonal wind according to the thermal wind relation,the reduced wave activity flux in the upper troposphere must be balanced by equatorward wind based on the quasi-geostrophic momentum equation.This generates an anomalous meridional overturning circulation with descent and low-level divergence around 30°N,which intensifies the divergent component of the SCSWM.The divergent northerly anomalies also lead to cold advection and subtropical cooling.The enhanced MTG due to the subtropical cooling and weakened MTG due to high-latitude warming closely tied to reduced North Pacific sea ice displace the westerly jet southward,creating cyclonic shears over the North Pacific and intensifying the rotational component of the SCSWM.These findings establish North Pacific sea ice as a non-ENSO driver of the SCSWM,holding substantial implications for the predictability of the SCSWM.
基金funding from the Scientific Research Program of the Higher Educational Institutions in Anhui Province, China (2023AH050986)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China (240805MC063)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172119)the Talent Introduction Project of Anhui Agricultural University, China (rc312212 and yj2019-01)。
文摘Increasing the grain yield(GY) and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in the Huaibei Plain(HP), China are essential. However, the effects of micro-sprinkler irrigation and topsoil compaction after wheat seed sowing on the GY and WUE are unclear. Therefore, a two-year field experiment was conducted during the 2021–2023 winter wheat growing seasons with a total six treatments: rain-fed(RF), conventional irrigation(CI) and micro-sprinkler irrigation(MI), as well as topsoil compaction after seed sowing under these three irrigation methods(RFC, CIC, and MIC). The results in the two years indicated that MI significantly increased GY compared to CI and RF, by averages of 17.9 and 42.1%, respectively. The increase in GY of MI was due to its significant increases in the number of spikes, kernels per spike, and grain weight. The chlorophyll concentration in flag leaves of MI after the anthesis stage maintained higher levels than with CI and RF, and was the lowest in RF. This was due to the dramatically enhanced catalase and peroxidase activities and lower malondialdehyde content under MI. Compared with RF and CI, MI significantly promoted dry matter remobilization and production after anthesis, as well as its contribution to GY. In addition, MI significantly boosted root growth, and root activity during the grain-filling stage was remarkably enhanced compared to CI and RF. In 2021–2022, there was no significant difference in WUE between MI and RF, but the WUE of RF was significantly lower than that of MI in 2022–2023. However, the WUE in MI was significantly improved compared to CI, and it increased by averages of 15.1 and 17.6% for the two years. Topsoil compaction significantly increased GY and WUE under rain-fed conditions due to improved spike numbers and dry matter production. Overall, topsoil compaction is advisable for enhancing GY and WUE in rain-fed conditions, whereas micro-sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to simultaneously achieve high GY and WUE in the HP.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2000100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42401400)Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2023C02018).
文摘Yellow rust(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.Tritici,YR)and fusarium head blight(Fusarium graminearum,FHB)are the two main diseases affecting wheat in the main grain-producing areas of East China,which is common for the two diseases to appear simultaneously in some main production areas.It is necessary to discriminate wheat YR and FHB at the regional scale to accurately locate the disease in space,conduct detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific control.Four images on different dates were acquired from Sentinel-2,Landsat-8,and Gaofen-1 during the critical period of winter wheat,and 22 remote sensing features that characterize the wheat growth status were then calculated.Meanwhile,6 meteorological parameters that reflect the wheat phenological information were also obtained by combining the site meteorological data and spatial interpolation technology.Then,the principal components(PCs)of comprehensive remote sensing and meteorological features were extracted with principal component analysis(PCA).The PCs-based discrimination models were established to map YR and FHB damage using the random forest(RF)and backpropagation neural network(BPNN).The models’performance was verified based on the disease field truth data(57 plots during the filling period)and 5-fold cross-validation.The results revealed that the PCs obtained after PCA dimensionality reduction outperformed the initial features(IFs)from remote sensing and meteorology in discriminating between the two diseases.Compared to the IFs,the average area under the curve for both micro-average and macro-average ROC curves increased by 0.07 in the PCs-based RF models and increased by 0.16 and 0.13,respectively,in the PCs-based BPNN models.Notably,the PCs-based BPNN discrimination model emerged as the most effective,achieving an overall accuracy of 83.9%.Our proposed discrimination model for wheat YR and FHB,coupled with multi-source remote sensing images and meteorological data,overcomes the limitations of a single-sensor and single-phase remote sensing information in multiple stress discrimination in cloudy and rainy areas.It performs well in revealing the damage spatial distribution of the two diseases at a regional scale,providing a basis for detailed disease severity monitoring,and scientific prevention and control.
文摘In winter,the weather is usually cold and everything seems a bit dull.Butthe sun in winter is special.When the sun shines brightly in the clear blue sky,it brings warm(1)to thecold world.The golden sunlight spreads here and there and it makes the whitesnow shine like diamonds.Although the trees are usually bare in winter,but(2)they look beautiful with the sunlight falling on them.
文摘I was so excited to be a volunteer for the 2025 Asian Winter Games.It was a wonderful chance to meet people from all over Asia.During the Games,I helped players find their way around the stadium.I also answered questions from visitors.Everyone was friendly,and I felt happy to help them.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India,and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)(09/081(1371)/2019-EMRI)for its funding,supported by a NERC Independent Research Fellowship(MITRE,NE/W007924/1)。
文摘In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended winter season(November–March).WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs,contributing substantially(32% in winter,11% annually) to total precipitation within WH.WDs are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Ni?o than La Ni?a to the west of WH.During El Ni?o(compared to La Ni?a) years,WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box”(the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs).This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Ni?o periods than La Ni?a periods.A substantial southward shift(~180 km) of the subtropical jet(STJ) axis during El Ni?o brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources,especially the Arabian Sea.We have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)within them.VIMF convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest,and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the highest.Overall,this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ,and moisture convergence,which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.
文摘The winter holiday is almost over.It was a wonderful time full of fun and interesting things.I helped my parents do housework.1 cleaned the rooms,washed the clothes,and rooked simple meals.It made my parents happy and I also learned how to look after myself.I love reading.During the winter holiday,I spent a lot of time reading different kinds of hooks.
文摘Just picture yourself sipping on a steaming cup of mi lk tea,snowflakes falling gently from the sky.In the distance,mountains blanketed in pure white stretch as far as the eye can see,glimmering like diamonds under the winter sun.Welcome to Altay,a hidden treasure in China’s Xinjiang autonomous region.Nestled in the northwest,this prefecture has long been an attractive place for culture and leisure alike.This unique location has been shaped into a fascinating blend of influences,where yurts stand alongside modern buildings,and traditional nomadic heritage coexists with contemporary life.
文摘1 Trees don't create their own heat like mammals do,and they don't have warm shelters or fur coats.So how do they survive the deep freeze of winter?In a way they do hibernate(冬眠)like bears—but in trees this is called dormancy and it's pretty amazing.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42271116)。
文摘As one of the important wintering areas along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway,wetlands in the Yangtze River floodplain face threats from land-use changes,yet its effects on wintering waterbirds at the landscape level remain understudied,impeding conservation practice.Here,using survey data collected across 14 inland lakes in Jiangsu Province in 2022,we calculated wintering waterbirds diversity(taxonomic,functional,phylogenetic)and assembly patterns(MPD/MNTD of functional and phylogenetic).Then,we interpreted satellite imagery of lake areas and buffer zones(5 km),and partitioned them into three land-use and landscape index categories(anthropogenic,ecological,and lake landscape).Finally,we employed multiple linear regression and hierarchical partitioning to explain the influence of landscape scales on wintering waterbird communities.Our results showed that the diversity and assembly of regional wintering waterbird communities tended to be consistent across taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic dimensions.The standardized diversity indices indicated that functional assembly of communities tends to be clustered at both local and regional scale.In contrast,the phylogenetic structure showed a predominantly overdispersed pattern in most lakes at the local scale,while neutral processes dominated at the regional scale.Modeling showed that selected variables explained waterbird diversity and assembly well.Lake fragmentation increased species evenness but reduced other diversity indices,while landscape evenness was negatively associated with functional and phylogenetic assembly.Among anthropogenic factors,aquaculture ponds and impervious surfaces reduced all diversity dimensions,whereas cropland connectivity enhanced phylogenetic diversity.These factors had consistent effects on community assembly.For ecological variables,grassland area enhanced functional and phylogenetic diversity but led to more clustered functional assembly.Overall,maintaining the integrity and connectivity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes is essential for sustaining waterbird diversity and guiding wetland restoration.
基金supported by grants from the Youth TCM scientific research Project of Heilongjiang Province TCM Administration(ZHY2024-283)the Health and Family Planning Commission of Heilongjiang Province(20240404070039)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(NO.LBH-Z23257)the Innovative Science Research Fund of Harbin Medical University(also known as Heilongjiang Provincial University's Project of Graduate Scientific Research Business Fees)(2024,Xin Zhang)and the Postdoctoral Program of Heilongjiang Province(NO.LBH-Z23234).
文摘Objective:To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis(DVT)following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures during the winter.Methods:A total of 162 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty were categorized based on the development of DVT within 7 days postoperatively:28 patients formed the DVT group and 134 patients the non-DVT group.Collected data included age,gender,history of glucocorticoid use,diabetes,hypertension,body mass index(BMI),triglyceride(TG)levels,cholesterol(CHOL)levels at admission,operative time,and postoperative bed rest duration.D-dimer(D-D)and fibrinogen(Fg)levels,along with the D-D/Fg ratio,were recorded on the first postoperative day.Group comparisons were performed using t-tests.Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors,and the predictive value of these factors was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Results:In the DVT group,18 patients had diabetes.Levels of TG(1.78±0.44 mmol/L),CHOL(4.70±1.84 mmol/L),D-D(0.40±0.17 mg/L),and the D-D/Fg ratio(0.24±0.07)were significantly higher than in the non-DVT group(P<0.05).Logistic regression identified TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio as independent risk factors for DVT,with odds ratios of 0.987,2.395,0.8,4.992,and 9.004,respectively(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis yielded areas under the curve(AUCs)of 0.715,0.69,0.614,and 0.726 for TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio,respectively.Sensitivities were 0.643,0.500,0.429,and 0.857,and specificities were 0.694,0.978,0.918,and 0.537,respectively.Conclusion:Elevated levels of TG,CHOL,D-D,and the D-D/Fg ratio are independent risk factors for DVT following total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients.Among these,the D-D/Fg ratio demonstrated the highest sensitivity and may serve as an effective marker for early-stage DVT screening.
文摘Based on conventional observation data,NCEP reanalysis data and observation data of automatic stations,a rainstorm weather process occurring in Shaoguan City during December 14-17,2013 was analyzed.The results show that the main causes of the winter rainstorm in Shaoguan City were the strong southwest airflow at 500 and 700 hPa,high humidity,the influence of a low-pressure trough at 850 hPa,and the southward movement of cold air on the ground.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-03-19)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51879267)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences。
文摘Irrigation methods and nitrogen(N) fertilization modes have complicated impacts on wheat physiology, growth, and development, leading to the regulation of wheat grain yield and quality. However, the optimal water-N combination for drip-irrigated winter wheat remains unclear. A two-year field study was conducted to evaluate the influences of various N-fertigation and water regimes on wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation, yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality. The two irrigation quotas were I_(45)(irrigation when crop evapotranspiration reduced by effective rainfall(ETa-P) reaches 45 mm) and I_(30)(irrigation when ETa-P reaches 30 mm), while the six N application rates were N_(0–100)(100% at jointing/booting), N_(25–75)(25% at sowing and 75% at jointing/booting), N_(50–50)(50% at sowing and 50% at jointing/booting), N_(75–25)(75% at sowing and 25% at jointing/booting), N_(100–0)(100% at sowing), and SRF100(100% of slow-release fertilizer at sowing). The experimental findings showed that post-anthesis grain weight variation, grain yield, grain NPK content, and grain quality were all markedly influenced by the various irrigation schedules and N-fertilization modes. The N_(50–50)treatment was more beneficial for winter wheat post-anthesis grain weight variation than the N_(100–0)and N_(0–100)treatments under the two irrigation quotas and during the two seasons. The highest grain yields of 9.72 and9.94(t ha^(-1)) were obtained with the I_(45)N_(50–50)treatment in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively. The grain crudeprotein was higher in the I_(45)SRF100treatment during the two seasons. The I_(45)N_(100–0)combination significantly(P<0.05)enhanced the content of grain total starch by 7.30 and 8.23% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100)and I_(30)N_(0–100)treatments,respectively, during the 2021–2021 season. The I_(45)N_(100–0)treatment significantly(P<0.05) enhanced the content ofgrain total starch concentration by 7.77, 7.62 and 7.88% compared with the I_(45)N_(0–100), I_(30)N_(0–100), and I_(30)N_(25–75)treatments,respectively, in the 2021–2022 season. The principal component analysis(PCA) indicated that the N_(50–50)splitN-fertigation mode could be the optimal choice for farmers during winter wheat production via drip irrigation.
基金supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Planning Project of the Beijing Science and Technology Commission(Z241100009024047)the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Training Plan(lingjunrencai-01-02).
文摘Respiratory infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality and are a major global health problem[1].Acute respiratory infections are caused by multiple respiratory pathogens,including viruses and bacteria.Viral-bacterial co-infections,which have become increasingly common and a global concern,can lead to substantial complications,causing higher morbidity and adverse prognosis[2].Previous studies have reported low positive detection rates of targeted pathogens related to acute respiratory infections,owing to the limited number of detected pathogens and variations in the sensitivity of diagnostic methods[3-4].Low positive detection rates may impede our understanding of respiratory pathogen characteristics and hamper the development of precise treatment and prevention strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(2008085qc118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U19A2021)+1 种基金the Major Science and Technology Special Project of Anhui Province,China(S202003a06020035)the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,China(JCIC-MCP)。
文摘Global warming is primarily characterized by asymmetric temperature increases,with greater temperature rises in winter/spring and at night compared to summer/autumn and the daytime.We investigated the impact of winter night warming on the top expanded leaves of the spring wheat cultivar Yangmai 18 and the semi-winter wheat cultivar Yannong 19 during the 2020-2021 growing season.Results showed that the night-time mean temperature in the treatment group was 1.27°C higher than the ambient temperature,and winter night warming increased the yields of both wheat cultivars,the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase after anthesis,and the biosynthesis of sucrose and soluble sugars.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified using criteria of P-value<0.05 and fold change>2,and they were subjected to Gene Ontology(GO)annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analyses.Genes differentially expressed in wheat leaves treated with night warming were primarily associated with starch and sucrose metabolism,amino acid biosynthesis,carbon metabolism,plant hormone signal transduction,and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.Comparisons between the groups identified 14 DEGs related to temperature.These results highlight the effects of winter night warming on wheat development from various perspectives.Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the response of wheat to winter night warming and the candidate genes involved in this process.
基金Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030004)。
文摘Using a reanalysis dataset and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6) models, this study investigated the southern and northern modes of the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM) and their respective relationships with the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO). The EAWM northern mode(EAWM_N) exhibited a consistent and strong connection with the mid-and high-latitude atmospheric circulation during 1979–2013, resembling the Eurasian teleconnection pattern. The positive phase of this pattern enhanced the sea-land pressure gradient across the mid-latitude East Asia and strengthened northerly winds flowing from high latitudes to South China, resulting in a strong EAWM_N. The relationship between the EAWM_N and ENSO shifted from insignificant to significant in the late 1990s, coinciding with a westward transition of the Walker circulation. In contrast, the EAWM southern mode(EAWM_S) was closely associated with an anomalous cyclone over the Philippine Sea and exhibited a stable, robust inverse correlation with ENSO.Projections from 12 CMIP6 models indicated that the unstable negative correlation of EAWM_N with ENSO would intensify, while the robust linkage between EAWM_S and ENSO was expected to persist under both the SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Additionally, increased future variability in the Ni?o 3.4 index, driven by external forcing, corresponded well to enhanced variability of EAWM_S. These findings underscore the necessity for further research into the distinct behaviors of the northern and southern EAWM modes under the background of ongoing climate warming.
