The updated,recently published 2021 WHO classification of thymic tumors incorporates the most recent advances in the field of thymic pathology,with particular emphasis on primary thymic epithelial neoplasms.This new e...The updated,recently published 2021 WHO classification of thymic tumors incorporates the most recent advances in the field of thymic pathology,with particular emphasis on primary thymic epithelial neoplasms.This new edition retains the basic format of previous editions for the classification of primary thymic epithelial neoplasms reaffirming the schema originally proposed in the first edition,which utilized a combination of letters and numbers for the designation of these tumors.Only minimal changes have been incorporated in the new edition compared with the previous ones.A new helpful feature is a summary in each chapter of recommendations for“essential”and“desirable”criteria to facilitate the diagnosis.A few issues in this classification,however,still require clarification.In this review,the changes and advances in the classification of thymoma presented in the latest WHO book on Thoracic Tumors will be reviewed along with some of the areas that may still benefit from the additional investigation.展开更多
Biliary tract cancers are a wide group of heterogeneous neoplasms of the biliary tree,composed of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma perihilar bile duct cancer and distal bile duct cancer,according to location.The variab...Biliary tract cancers are a wide group of heterogeneous neoplasms of the biliary tree,composed of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma perihilar bile duct cancer and distal bile duct cancer,according to location.The variability in location reflects the different morphologies and molecular alterations.In particular,intrahepatic peripheral mass forming cholangiocarcinoma is represented by the“small duct type”cholangiocarcinoma,which is different from the“large duct type”cholangiocarcinoma that,although intrahepatic,behaves similar to extrahepatic bile duct cancers,perihilar and distal ones.Recently,molecular targetable alterations,mainly FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations,have been described,mostly in the intrahepatic“small duct type”subgroup and have opened the way,together with rarer targetable alterations,for personalisation of therapy also in these aggressive neoplasms.展开更多
Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogenous primary malignant epithelial tumor of the liver with variable morphological and immunophenotypical features.Although the biology of this tumor has been desc...Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogenous primary malignant epithelial tumor of the liver with variable morphological and immunophenotypical features.Although the biology of this tumor has been described in the literature,changes in classification and its heterogeneity imply difficulties in collecting reliable homogenous groups to compare.The article aims to review available data on morphology and immunohistochemistry for practicing pathologists integrated with original data from our referral Center.展开更多
文摘The updated,recently published 2021 WHO classification of thymic tumors incorporates the most recent advances in the field of thymic pathology,with particular emphasis on primary thymic epithelial neoplasms.This new edition retains the basic format of previous editions for the classification of primary thymic epithelial neoplasms reaffirming the schema originally proposed in the first edition,which utilized a combination of letters and numbers for the designation of these tumors.Only minimal changes have been incorporated in the new edition compared with the previous ones.A new helpful feature is a summary in each chapter of recommendations for“essential”and“desirable”criteria to facilitate the diagnosis.A few issues in this classification,however,still require clarification.In this review,the changes and advances in the classification of thymoma presented in the latest WHO book on Thoracic Tumors will be reviewed along with some of the areas that may still benefit from the additional investigation.
文摘Biliary tract cancers are a wide group of heterogeneous neoplasms of the biliary tree,composed of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma perihilar bile duct cancer and distal bile duct cancer,according to location.The variability in location reflects the different morphologies and molecular alterations.In particular,intrahepatic peripheral mass forming cholangiocarcinoma is represented by the“small duct type”cholangiocarcinoma,which is different from the“large duct type”cholangiocarcinoma that,although intrahepatic,behaves similar to extrahepatic bile duct cancers,perihilar and distal ones.Recently,molecular targetable alterations,mainly FGFR2 fusions and IDH1 mutations,have been described,mostly in the intrahepatic“small duct type”subgroup and have opened the way,together with rarer targetable alterations,for personalisation of therapy also in these aggressive neoplasms.
文摘Combined Hepatocellular-Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogenous primary malignant epithelial tumor of the liver with variable morphological and immunophenotypical features.Although the biology of this tumor has been described in the literature,changes in classification and its heterogeneity imply difficulties in collecting reliable homogenous groups to compare.The article aims to review available data on morphology and immunohistochemistry for practicing pathologists integrated with original data from our referral Center.
