The Elephant Whisperer By Lawrence Anthony & Graham Spence Thomas Dunne Books when South African conservationist Lawrence Anthony was asked to accept a herd of "rogue" wild elephants on his Thula Thula g...The Elephant Whisperer By Lawrence Anthony & Graham Spence Thomas Dunne Books when South African conservationist Lawrence Anthony was asked to accept a herd of "rogue" wild elephants on his Thula Thula game reserve in Zululand.展开更多
Based on optofluidics and whispering gallery mode(WGM)theory,here an optofluidic refractive index sensor with microtube-coupled suspended core fiber(SCF)is proposed.It solves the issues of general sensors with microca...Based on optofluidics and whispering gallery mode(WGM)theory,here an optofluidic refractive index sensor with microtube-coupled suspended core fiber(SCF)is proposed.It solves the issues of general sensors with microcavity-coupled fiber taper such as too fragile,unstable performance due to open coupling,poor portability and repeatability,while overcoming the poor performance of low refractive index sensing in general full-package fiber sensors.The sensor only needs a very small amount of liquid sample(about 1.8 nL).The proposed sensor combines the excellent performance of full package,optofluidics and WGM resonator.The resonant characteristics and sensing performance of the sensor are analyzed and discussed by the theoretical simulation.The simulation results indicate that the sensor has a wide refractive index sensing range(1.330-1.700)and good performance.The resonance wavelength shift has a good linear relationship with the liquid refractive index variation.In the low refractive index region,the sensitivity is 222.5-247.5 nm/RIU,Q-factor is 1.03×10^(3) and the detection limit is 3.64×10^(-4) RIU.In the medium and high refractive index regions,the sensitivity is 564.4-846.2 nm/RIU,Q-factor is up to 8.62×10^(4),and the detection limit can be as low as 1.29×10^(-6) RIU.The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity,a high Q-factor and a very low detection limit.展开更多
Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral r...Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral resolution limit of microscopy.However,the physical effects leading to resolution enhancement are still frequently debated.In addition,various configurations of MAM operating in transmission mode as well as reflection mode are examined,and the results are sometimes generalized.We present a rigorous simulation model of MAM and introduce a way to quantify the resolution enhancement.The lateral resolution is compared for microscope arrangements in reflection and transmission modes.Furthermore,we discuss different physical effects with respect to their contribution to resolution enhancement.The results indicate that the effects impacting the resolution in MAM strongly depend on the arrangement of the microscope and the measurement object.As a highlight,we outline that evanescent waves in combination with whispering gallery modes also improve the imaging capabilities,enabling super-resolution under certain circumstances.This result is contrary to the conclusions drawn from previous studies,where phase objects have been analyzed,and thus further emphasizes the complexity of the physical mechanisms underlying MAM.展开更多
A machine learning based speech enhancement method is proposed to improve the intelligibility of whispered speech. A binary mask estimated by a two-class support vector machine （SVM） classifier is used to synthesize...A machine learning based speech enhancement method is proposed to improve the intelligibility of whispered speech. A binary mask estimated by a two-class support vector machine （SVM） classifier is used to synthesize the enhanced whisper. A novel noise robust feature called Gammatone feature cosine coefficients （GFCCs） extracted by an auditory periphery model is derived and used for the binary mask estimation. The intelligibility performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with the traditional speech enhancement methods. Objective and subjective evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve the intelligibility of whispered speech which is contaminated by noise. Compared with the power subtract algorithm and the log-MMSE algorithm, both of which do not improve the intelligibility in lower signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） environments, the proposed method has good performance in improving the intelligibility of noisy whisper. Additionally, the intelligibility of the enhanced whispered speech using the proposed method also outperforms that of the corresponding unprocessed noisy whispered speech.展开更多
Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyze...Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyzed. Experimental results show that for a spectrum of some density, the joint time-frequency gain-modification based speech enhancement algorithm achieves significant improvement in intelligibility. Additionally, the spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is smaller than the clean spectrum, is the most important region contributing to intelligibility improvement for the enhanced whisper. The spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is larger than twice the size of the clean spectrum is detrimental to speech intelligibility perception within the whisper context.展开更多
The cognitive performance-based dimensional emotion recognition in whispered speech is studied.First,the whispered speech emotion databases and data collection methods are compared, and the character of emotion expres...The cognitive performance-based dimensional emotion recognition in whispered speech is studied.First,the whispered speech emotion databases and data collection methods are compared, and the character of emotion expression in whispered speech is studied,especially the basic types of emotions.Secondly,the emotion features for whispered speech is analyzed,and by reviewing the latest references,the related valence features and the arousal features are provided. The effectiveness of valence and arousal features in whispered speech emotion classification is studied.Finally,the Gaussian mixture model is studied and applied to whispered speech emotion recognition. The cognitive performance is also considered in emotion recognition so that the recognition errors of whispered speech emotion can be corrected.Based on the cognitive scores,the emotion recognition results can be improved.The results show that the formant features are not significantly related to arousal dimension,while the short-term energy features are related to the emotion changes in arousal dimension.Using the cognitive scores,the recognition results can be improved.展开更多
Super-resolution imaging with superlens has been one of the fundamental research topics. Unfortunately, the resolution of superlens is inevitably restrained by material loss. To address the problem, we introduce the s...Super-resolution imaging with superlens has been one of the fundamental research topics. Unfortunately, the resolution of superlens is inevitably restrained by material loss. To address the problem, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism into the slab superlens and the cylindrical superlens. The proposed solid immersion slab superlens(SISSL) and the solid immersion cylindrical superlens(SICSL) can improve the resolution by converting evanescent wave to propagating wave using high refractive index materials. From the perspective of applications, the cylindrical superlens with finite cross section and the ability of magnification or demagnification has more advantages than the slab superlens. Therefore,we focus on demonstrating analytically the super-resolution imaging of SICSL. Due to the impedance mismatching caused by solid immersion mechanism, the whispering gallery modes(WGMs) are excited between SICSL and the air interface.We clarify the excitation conditions of WGMs and analyze their influence on the imaging quality of SICSL. The SISSL and SICSL may pave a way to apply in lithography technique and real-time biomolecular imaging in future.展开更多
During the last decades the whispering gallery mode based sensors have become a prominent solution for label-free sensing of various physical and chemical parameters.At the same time,the widespread utilization of the ...During the last decades the whispering gallery mode based sensors have become a prominent solution for label-free sensing of various physical and chemical parameters.At the same time,the widespread utilization of the approach is hindered by the restricted applicability of the known configurations for ambient variations quantification outside the laboratory conditions and their low affordability,where necessity on the spectrally-resolved data collection is among the main limiting factors.In this paper we demonstrate the first realization of an affordable whispering gallery mode sensor powered by deep learning and multi-resonator imaging at a fixed frequency.It has been shown that the approach enables refractive index unit(RIU)prediction with an absolute error at 3×10^(-6) level for dynamic range of the RIU variations from 0 to 2×10^(-3) with temporal resolution of several milliseconds and instrument-driven detection limit of 3×10−5.High sensing accuracy together with instrumental affordability and production simplicity places the reported detector among the most cost-effective realizations of the whispering gallery mode approach.The proposed solution is expected to have a great impact on the shift of the whole sensing paradigm away from the model-based and to the flexible self-learning solutions.展开更多
The calcium fluoride(CaF_(2))whispering gallery mode crystalline resonator is an excellent platform for nonlinear optical applications because of the decreasing in threshold caused by ultrahigh quality(Q)factor.In thi...The calcium fluoride(CaF_(2))whispering gallery mode crystalline resonator is an excellent platform for nonlinear optical applications because of the decreasing in threshold caused by ultrahigh quality(Q)factor.In this paper,we achieved the observation of Raman lasing,first-order Raman comb,and second-order Raman lasing in a CaF_(2)disk resonator with a diameter of 4.96 mm and an ultrahigh-Q of 8.43×10^(8)at 1550-nm wavelength.We also observed thermal effects in CaF_(2)disk resonator,and the threshold of thermo-optical oscillation is approximately coincident with Raman lasing,since the intracavity power increases rapidly when the power reaches the threshold,and higher input pump power results in longer thermal drift and higher Raman emission power.With a further increase in pump power,the optical frequency combs range is from 1520 nm to 1650 nm,with a wavelength interval of 4×FSR.It is a promising candidate for optical communication,biological environment monitoring,spectral analysis,and microwave signal sources.展开更多
Objectives: The study aimed to determine the most appropriate hearing screening test to identify disabling hearing loss for adults aged 65 years or older.Methods: This study included 577 older adults. Four hearing scr...Objectives: The study aimed to determine the most appropriate hearing screening test to identify disabling hearing loss for adults aged 65 years or older.Methods: This study included 577 older adults. Four hearing screening tests were considered in the study, including the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly Screening(HHIE-s), three single question tests, the whisper test, and the finger rub test. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests referenced to the hearing threshold of disabling hearing loss were estimated.Results: Among all tests, only the single self-perception question(0.7064 for sensitivity;0.7225 for specificity) and whisper test(0.7833 for sensitivity;0.7708 for specificity) could obtain both sensitivity and specificity higher than 70% for adults aged ≥65 years.Conclusion: Overall, we suggest using the whisper test to identify disabling hearing loss(>40 dB HL at the better ear) for adults aged 65 years or older. However, if the conditions do not permit, the single selfperception question is also acceptable. Moreover, HHIE-s might not be a good test to detect disabling hearing loss for adults aged 80 years or older.展开更多
The transmission equation of microdisk resonator is obtained by the transfer matrix method.The physical model is built and the electric field distribution,output spectrum and phase of the microdisk resonator are simul...The transmission equation of microdisk resonator is obtained by the transfer matrix method.The physical model is built and the electric field distribution,output spectrum and phase of the microdisk resonator are simulated by three-dimensional finite element software.The influence of the structural parameters on transmission characteristics and the temperature sensing property of the microdisk resonator are studied deeply.The results show that the output spectrum will change significantly with the distance between the microdisk and the straight waveguide within a certain range but there is no apparent change in the phase of the output port.The extinction ratio and maxima sensitivity of the device will reach 30 dB and 45 pm/℃,respectively.Microdisk has higher integration,higher quality factor and wider free spectral range compared with common microring resonator.展开更多
We report the applications of a low-cost and environmentally friendly chalcogenide glass, 75GeS2-15Ga2S3-10CsI, in building active microsphere laser oscillators. A silica fiber taper is used as the coupling mechanism....We report the applications of a low-cost and environmentally friendly chalcogenide glass, 75GeS2-15Ga2S3-10CsI, in building active microsphere laser oscillators. A silica fiber taper is used as the coupling mechanism. With an 808-nm laser diode as a pump source, we show that a high-Q （-, 6× 10^4） laser mode could be obtained from a 75-μm diameter microsphere that is coupled with a 1.77-μm waist-diameter fiber taper. The threshold of the incident pump power is 1.39 mW, which is considerably lower than those of previously reported free-space coupled chalcogenide microsphere lasers. We also note an apparent enhancement in laser power generated from this chalcogenide microsphere laser.展开更多
The titanium barium glass microspheres doped with Er2O3 were designed and prepared. The components of the glass sample were 25TiO2-27BaCO3-8Ba (NO3)2-5ZnO2-10CaCO3-5H3BO3-10SiO2-7water glass-3Er2O3 ( % , mass fraction...The titanium barium glass microspheres doped with Er2O3 were designed and prepared. The components of the glass sample were 25TiO2-27BaCO3-8Ba (NO3)2-5ZnO2-10CaCO3-5H3BO3-10SiO2-7water glass-3Er2O3 ( % , mass fraction) . The emission spectra of titanium barium glass matrix and the titanium barium glass microsphere under 514 nm excitation were measured with micro-Raman spectrometer. Whispering gallery modes in the emission spectra from a 31μm glass microsphere were observed. Many regularly spaced, sharp peaks appeared in the emission spectra of the Er2O3-doped glass microsphere. The wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.92 nm for the 31μm microsphere. According to the Lorenz-Mie formula, the calculated value of the wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.95 nm. The observed resonances could be assigned by using the well-known Lorenz-Mie formula.展开更多
文摘The Elephant Whisperer By Lawrence Anthony & Graham Spence Thomas Dunne Books when South African conservationist Lawrence Anthony was asked to accept a herd of "rogue" wild elephants on his Thula Thula game reserve in Zululand.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12174199)the Wanjing Horizontal Research and Development Fund for Nature(No.HJ1060319960015).
文摘Based on optofluidics and whispering gallery mode(WGM)theory,here an optofluidic refractive index sensor with microtube-coupled suspended core fiber(SCF)is proposed.It solves the issues of general sensors with microcavity-coupled fiber taper such as too fragile,unstable performance due to open coupling,poor portability and repeatability,while overcoming the poor performance of low refractive index sensing in general full-package fiber sensors.The sensor only needs a very small amount of liquid sample(about 1.8 nL).The proposed sensor combines the excellent performance of full package,optofluidics and WGM resonator.The resonant characteristics and sensing performance of the sensor are analyzed and discussed by the theoretical simulation.The simulation results indicate that the sensor has a wide refractive index sensing range(1.330-1.700)and good performance.The resonance wavelength shift has a good linear relationship with the liquid refractive index variation.In the low refractive index region,the sensitivity is 222.5-247.5 nm/RIU,Q-factor is 1.03×10^(3) and the detection limit is 3.64×10^(-4) RIU.In the medium and high refractive index regions,the sensitivity is 564.4-846.2 nm/RIU,Q-factor is up to 8.62×10^(4),and the detection limit can be as low as 1.29×10^(-6) RIU.The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity,a high Q-factor and a very low detection limit.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)(Grant Nos.LE 992/14-3 and LE 992/15-3).
文摘Microsphere and microcylinder-assisted microscopy(MAM)has grown steadily over the last decade and is still an intensively studied optical far-field imaging technique that promises to overcome the fundamental lateral resolution limit of microscopy.However,the physical effects leading to resolution enhancement are still frequently debated.In addition,various configurations of MAM operating in transmission mode as well as reflection mode are examined,and the results are sometimes generalized.We present a rigorous simulation model of MAM and introduce a way to quantify the resolution enhancement.The lateral resolution is compared for microscope arrangements in reflection and transmission modes.Furthermore,we discuss different physical effects with respect to their contribution to resolution enhancement.The results indicate that the effects impacting the resolution in MAM strongly depend on the arrangement of the microscope and the measurement object.As a highlight,we outline that evanescent waves in combination with whispering gallery modes also improve the imaging capabilities,enabling super-resolution under certain circumstances.This result is contrary to the conclusions drawn from previous studies,where phase objects have been analyzed,and thus further emphasizes the complexity of the physical mechanisms underlying MAM.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61231002,61273266,51075068,60872073,60975017, 61003131)the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China(No.20110092130004)+1 种基金the Science Foundation for Young Talents in the Educational Committee of Anhui Province(No. 2010SQRL018)the 211 Project of Anhui University(No.2009QN027B)
文摘A machine learning based speech enhancement method is proposed to improve the intelligibility of whispered speech. A binary mask estimated by a two-class support vector machine （SVM） classifier is used to synthesize the enhanced whisper. A novel noise robust feature called Gammatone feature cosine coefficients （GFCCs） extracted by an auditory periphery model is derived and used for the binary mask estimation. The intelligibility performance of the proposed method is evaluated and compared with the traditional speech enhancement methods. Objective and subjective evaluation results indicate that the proposed method can effectively improve the intelligibility of whispered speech which is contaminated by noise. Compared with the power subtract algorithm and the log-MMSE algorithm, both of which do not improve the intelligibility in lower signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） environments, the proposed method has good performance in improving the intelligibility of noisy whisper. Additionally, the intelligibility of the enhanced whispered speech using the proposed method also outperforms that of the corresponding unprocessed noisy whispered speech.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61301295,61273266,61301219,61201326,61003131)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.1308085QF100,1408085MF113)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20130241)the Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(No.12KJB510021)the Doctoral Fund of Anhui University
文摘Some factors influencing the intelligibility of the enhanced whisper in the joint time-frequency domain are evaluated. Specifically, both the spectrum density and different regions of the enhanced spectrum are analyzed. Experimental results show that for a spectrum of some density, the joint time-frequency gain-modification based speech enhancement algorithm achieves significant improvement in intelligibility. Additionally, the spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is smaller than the clean spectrum, is the most important region contributing to intelligibility improvement for the enhanced whisper. The spectrum region where the estimated spectrum is larger than twice the size of the clean spectrum is detrimental to speech intelligibility perception within the whisper context.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11401412)
文摘The cognitive performance-based dimensional emotion recognition in whispered speech is studied.First,the whispered speech emotion databases and data collection methods are compared, and the character of emotion expression in whispered speech is studied,especially the basic types of emotions.Secondly,the emotion features for whispered speech is analyzed,and by reviewing the latest references,the related valence features and the arousal features are provided. The effectiveness of valence and arousal features in whispered speech emotion classification is studied.Finally,the Gaussian mixture model is studied and applied to whispered speech emotion recognition. The cognitive performance is also considered in emotion recognition so that the recognition errors of whispered speech emotion can be corrected.Based on the cognitive scores,the emotion recognition results can be improved.The results show that the formant features are not significantly related to arousal dimension,while the short-term energy features are related to the emotion changes in arousal dimension.Using the cognitive scores,the recognition results can be improved.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFA0710100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92050102 and 11874311)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 20720220033 and 20720200074)。
文摘Super-resolution imaging with superlens has been one of the fundamental research topics. Unfortunately, the resolution of superlens is inevitably restrained by material loss. To address the problem, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism into the slab superlens and the cylindrical superlens. The proposed solid immersion slab superlens(SISSL) and the solid immersion cylindrical superlens(SICSL) can improve the resolution by converting evanescent wave to propagating wave using high refractive index materials. From the perspective of applications, the cylindrical superlens with finite cross section and the ability of magnification or demagnification has more advantages than the slab superlens. Therefore,we focus on demonstrating analytically the super-resolution imaging of SICSL. Due to the impedance mismatching caused by solid immersion mechanism, the whispering gallery modes(WGMs) are excited between SICSL and the air interface.We clarify the excitation conditions of WGMs and analyze their influence on the imaging quality of SICSL. The SISSL and SICSL may pave a way to apply in lithography technique and real-time biomolecular imaging in future.
文摘During the last decades the whispering gallery mode based sensors have become a prominent solution for label-free sensing of various physical and chemical parameters.At the same time,the widespread utilization of the approach is hindered by the restricted applicability of the known configurations for ambient variations quantification outside the laboratory conditions and their low affordability,where necessity on the spectrally-resolved data collection is among the main limiting factors.In this paper we demonstrate the first realization of an affordable whispering gallery mode sensor powered by deep learning and multi-resonator imaging at a fixed frequency.It has been shown that the approach enables refractive index unit(RIU)prediction with an absolute error at 3×10^(-6) level for dynamic range of the RIU variations from 0 to 2×10^(-3) with temporal resolution of several milliseconds and instrument-driven detection limit of 3×10−5.High sensing accuracy together with instrumental affordability and production simplicity places the reported detector among the most cost-effective realizations of the whispering gallery mode approach.The proposed solution is expected to have a great impact on the shift of the whole sensing paradigm away from the model-based and to the flexible self-learning solutions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51727808,51922009,52005457,and 62004179)the Fund from the Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision Measurement of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.201905D121001)。
文摘The calcium fluoride(CaF_(2))whispering gallery mode crystalline resonator is an excellent platform for nonlinear optical applications because of the decreasing in threshold caused by ultrahigh quality(Q)factor.In this paper,we achieved the observation of Raman lasing,first-order Raman comb,and second-order Raman lasing in a CaF_(2)disk resonator with a diameter of 4.96 mm and an ultrahigh-Q of 8.43×10^(8)at 1550-nm wavelength.We also observed thermal effects in CaF_(2)disk resonator,and the threshold of thermo-optical oscillation is approximately coincident with Raman lasing,since the intracavity power increases rapidly when the power reaches the threshold,and higher input pump power results in longer thermal drift and higher Raman emission power.With a further increase in pump power,the optical frequency combs range is from 1520 nm to 1650 nm,with a wavelength interval of 4×FSR.It is a promising candidate for optical communication,biological environment monitoring,spectral analysis,and microwave signal sources.
文摘Objectives: The study aimed to determine the most appropriate hearing screening test to identify disabling hearing loss for adults aged 65 years or older.Methods: This study included 577 older adults. Four hearing screening tests were considered in the study, including the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly Screening(HHIE-s), three single question tests, the whisper test, and the finger rub test. The sensitivity and specificity of these tests referenced to the hearing threshold of disabling hearing loss were estimated.Results: Among all tests, only the single self-perception question(0.7064 for sensitivity;0.7225 for specificity) and whisper test(0.7833 for sensitivity;0.7708 for specificity) could obtain both sensitivity and specificity higher than 70% for adults aged ≥65 years.Conclusion: Overall, we suggest using the whisper test to identify disabling hearing loss(>40 dB HL at the better ear) for adults aged 65 years or older. However, if the conditions do not permit, the single selfperception question is also acceptable. Moreover, HHIE-s might not be a good test to detect disabling hearing loss for adults aged 80 years or older.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61762057)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.18JR3RA123)。
文摘The transmission equation of microdisk resonator is obtained by the transfer matrix method.The physical model is built and the electric field distribution,output spectrum and phase of the microdisk resonator are simulated by three-dimensional finite element software.The influence of the structural parameters on transmission characteristics and the temperature sensing property of the microdisk resonator are studied deeply.The results show that the output spectrum will change significantly with the distance between the microdisk and the straight waveguide within a certain range but there is no apparent change in the phase of the output port.The extinction ratio and maxima sensitivity of the device will reach 30 dB and 45 pm/℃,respectively.Microdisk has higher integration,higher quality factor and wider free spectral range compared with common microring resonator.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61177087 and 61435009)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB722703)+2 种基金the Program for Innovative Research Team of Ningbo City,China(Grant No.2009B21007)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices(South China University of Technology),China(Grant No.2014-skllmd-01)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City,China(Grant No.2014A610125)
文摘We report the applications of a low-cost and environmentally friendly chalcogenide glass, 75GeS2-15Ga2S3-10CsI, in building active microsphere laser oscillators. A silica fiber taper is used as the coupling mechanism. With an 808-nm laser diode as a pump source, we show that a high-Q （-, 6× 10^4） laser mode could be obtained from a 75-μm diameter microsphere that is coupled with a 1.77-μm waist-diameter fiber taper. The threshold of the incident pump power is 1.39 mW, which is considerably lower than those of previously reported free-space coupled chalcogenide microsphere lasers. We also note an apparent enhancement in laser power generated from this chalcogenide microsphere laser.
文摘The titanium barium glass microspheres doped with Er2O3 were designed and prepared. The components of the glass sample were 25TiO2-27BaCO3-8Ba (NO3)2-5ZnO2-10CaCO3-5H3BO3-10SiO2-7water glass-3Er2O3 ( % , mass fraction) . The emission spectra of titanium barium glass matrix and the titanium barium glass microsphere under 514 nm excitation were measured with micro-Raman spectrometer. Whispering gallery modes in the emission spectra from a 31μm glass microsphere were observed. Many regularly spaced, sharp peaks appeared in the emission spectra of the Er2O3-doped glass microsphere. The wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.92 nm for the 31μm microsphere. According to the Lorenz-Mie formula, the calculated value of the wavelength separation between the two adjacent peaks is 1.95 nm. The observed resonances could be assigned by using the well-known Lorenz-Mie formula.
