Whisper Whisky is an oak-and-leather lounge that outwardly manifests sophistication,stocked with cigars and about 100 whiskies so far,with many more on the way.But where it succeeds in appearance,it falls a bit short ...Whisper Whisky is an oak-and-leather lounge that outwardly manifests sophistication,stocked with cigars and about 100 whiskies so far,with many more on the way.But where it succeeds in appearance,it falls a bit short in substance.展开更多
Some stress response-related genes have been identified in Ustilaginoidea virens,but it is not clear whether and how defects of stress responses affect the pathogenesis processes of U.virens.In this study,we identifie...Some stress response-related genes have been identified in Ustilaginoidea virens,but it is not clear whether and how defects of stress responses affect the pathogenesis processes of U.virens.In this study,we identified a general stress response factor UvWHI2 as a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Whi2 in U.virens.The relative expression level of Uv Whi2 was significantly up-regulated during infection,suggesting that UvWHI2 may be involved in pathogenesis.Furthermore,knockout of Uv Whi2 showed decreased mycelial growth,increased conidiation in the potato sucrose medium and a defect in pathogenicity.In addition,the RNA-Seq and phenotypic analysis showed that UvWHI2 was involved in response to oxidative,hyperosmotic,cell wall stress and nutrient limitation.Further studies revealed that the defects of stress responses of the?Uvwhi2 mutant affected the formation of secondary spores on the nutrient limited surface and the rice surface,resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenicity of U.virens.Our results suggest that UvWHI2 is necessary for fungal growth,stress responses and the formation of secondary spores in U.virens.In addition,the defects of stress responses can affect the formation of secondary spores on the rice surface,and then compromise the pathogenicity of U.virens.展开更多
Background: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) published findings in 2002 that changed the perception of the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Menopausal women using...Background: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) published findings in 2002 that changed the perception of the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Menopausal women using HRT for the relief of vasomotor symptoms were advised to use the lowest possible dose of HRT over the shortest possible duration. Objective: This study sought to examine patterns of HRT use for the treatment of menopausal symptoms before and after the WHI among women at least 40 years of age. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 1367 women in the pre-WHI group and 6467 women in the post-WHI group using the U.S. General Electric (GE) Centricity electronic medical record database. Menopause diagnosis was assessed using ICD-9 codes. Clinical characteristics and medication use were assessed for women with at least 3 years of enrollment (1 year baseline, 2 years follow-up). Results: The proportion of women in the post-WHI group that initiated HRT was significantly less than that of women in the pre-WHI group (31.3% vs. 56.9%, respectively;p < 0.001). Combination HRT use declined significantly (21.9% pre-WHI cohort vs. 7.2% post- WHI cohort, p < 0.001) among increases in non-HRT use, namely SSRIs (15.2% pre-WHI cohort v. 22.3% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001) and tranquilizers (9.5% pre-WHI cohort v. 15.8% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the WHI 2002 publication made an impression on the perception of HRT’s role in the relief of menopausal symptoms. Decision-making on the part of women seeking treatment for vasomotor symptoms and women’s health professionals demonstrates that despite HRT precautions, women continue to exhibit a need for HRT use. This study’s findings suggest that women seeking treatment for menopausal symptom relief and women’s health professionals continue to work together to find the appropriate balance between therapy use and adherence to therapy use guidelines.展开更多
Coastal zones are key interconnectors of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.Due to the degradation and fragmentation of coastal wetlands,there is an urgent need to develop assessment methodology to compare the health o...Coastal zones are key interconnectors of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.Due to the degradation and fragmentation of coastal wetlands,there is an urgent need to develop assessment methodology to compare the health of wetland ecosystems at different spatial scales.This will help efficiently develop and implement protections using easy-to-access ecosystem health data.This study aims to understand the spatial distribution of coastal and inland wetland health for China’s coastal regions.A Wetland Health Index(WHI)was developed to provide a basis for policy and decision making.Four utilization models—Long Term Model,Open Model,Nature Reserve Model,and Protected and Economic Model—were defined in the context of China’s coastal regions to specifically examine wetland health.Results show that the average WHI score was 63.6 with the range of 44.8–84.3 for 35 National Nature Reserves(NNRs),and the southern NNRs generally performed better than the northern NNRs.The wetlands in the southern provinces/municipalities are relatively healthier than their northern counterparts.The competent authority has slight influence on WHI scores but duration of conservation establishment does not show a clear correlation.With increasing economic activity,the differences in health conditions(WHI scores)of China’s coastal regions also increase.Gross Domestic Product(GDP)or economic intensification does not relate to WHI scores.Appropriate trade-offs between wetland management and economic development could contribute to improve health conditions,conservation and utilization of coastal and inland wetlands.展开更多
Menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)is used to treat menopausal complaints including the genitourinary syndrome of menopause,to prevent osteoporosis,and to treat bleeding problems.Since these can be the indications also in...Menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)is used to treat menopausal complaints including the genitourinary syndrome of menopause,to prevent osteoporosis,and to treat bleeding problems.Since these can be the indications also in young women,especially with POI(premature ovarian insufficiency)or with surgical menopause(bilateral oophorectomy),also the old term"Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)”is still used.The effective component is the estrogen component without relevant difference in the efficacy of the various MHT-preparations.Additional preventive benefits are reduction of cardiovascular disease(including prevention of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome),reduction of colon cancer,and perhaps also Alzheimer's disease,if started within a Kwindow of opportunity",i.e.in perimenopause or within 6-10 years after menopause.Primary indication for progestogen addition is to avoid the development of estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer,i.e.addition not recommended in hysterectomized women.Two main schedules,sequential-or continuous-combined estrogen/progestogen regimens,are used for treatment of bleeding problems.For this and for optimizing menstrual regulation detailed recommendations are given including proposed dosages for the available different progestogens if added to oral or transdermal estradiol in different estrogen dosages.The WHI-study demonstrated the main risks using MHT within a“worst-case scenario",i.e.start of MHT in old women with high risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases,whereby only^conjugated equine estro-gens”and^medroxprogesterone acetate”have been tested.One main result was that the progestogen component is decisive for the risk of breast cancer,which according to own experimental research and observational studies may be reduced using the physiological progesterone or its isomer dydrogesterone.In addition we propose to push forward research for screening patients with increased breast cancer risk like we have done in the past decade demonstrating that certain membrane-bound receptors in breast cancer tissue or blood can increase this risk.To reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke,transdermal estradiol(gels,patches,)should be used,in free combination with progesterone or dydrogesterone as"golden standard"in patients with increased risk.To increase the compliance in our patients without special risks we mostly use the available fix-combinations of estradiol/dydrogesterone getting strong efficacy,good menstrual regulation or amenorrhea,respectively,but also other combinations may be indicated to take advantage of for example androgenic or antiandrogenic progestogens.展开更多
文摘Whisper Whisky is an oak-and-leather lounge that outwardly manifests sophistication,stocked with cigars and about 100 whiskies so far,with many more on the way.But where it succeeds in appearance,it falls a bit short in substance.
基金funded by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LQ19C140004)the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.2019C02018)Key Research and Development Project of China National Rice Research Institute(Grant No.CNRRI-2020-04)。
文摘Some stress response-related genes have been identified in Ustilaginoidea virens,but it is not clear whether and how defects of stress responses affect the pathogenesis processes of U.virens.In this study,we identified a general stress response factor UvWHI2 as a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Whi2 in U.virens.The relative expression level of Uv Whi2 was significantly up-regulated during infection,suggesting that UvWHI2 may be involved in pathogenesis.Furthermore,knockout of Uv Whi2 showed decreased mycelial growth,increased conidiation in the potato sucrose medium and a defect in pathogenicity.In addition,the RNA-Seq and phenotypic analysis showed that UvWHI2 was involved in response to oxidative,hyperosmotic,cell wall stress and nutrient limitation.Further studies revealed that the defects of stress responses of the?Uvwhi2 mutant affected the formation of secondary spores on the nutrient limited surface and the rice surface,resulting in a significant reduction of pathogenicity of U.virens.Our results suggest that UvWHI2 is necessary for fungal growth,stress responses and the formation of secondary spores in U.virens.In addition,the defects of stress responses can affect the formation of secondary spores on the rice surface,and then compromise the pathogenicity of U.virens.
文摘Background: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) published findings in 2002 that changed the perception of the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Menopausal women using HRT for the relief of vasomotor symptoms were advised to use the lowest possible dose of HRT over the shortest possible duration. Objective: This study sought to examine patterns of HRT use for the treatment of menopausal symptoms before and after the WHI among women at least 40 years of age. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a total of 1367 women in the pre-WHI group and 6467 women in the post-WHI group using the U.S. General Electric (GE) Centricity electronic medical record database. Menopause diagnosis was assessed using ICD-9 codes. Clinical characteristics and medication use were assessed for women with at least 3 years of enrollment (1 year baseline, 2 years follow-up). Results: The proportion of women in the post-WHI group that initiated HRT was significantly less than that of women in the pre-WHI group (31.3% vs. 56.9%, respectively;p < 0.001). Combination HRT use declined significantly (21.9% pre-WHI cohort vs. 7.2% post- WHI cohort, p < 0.001) among increases in non-HRT use, namely SSRIs (15.2% pre-WHI cohort v. 22.3% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001) and tranquilizers (9.5% pre-WHI cohort v. 15.8% post-WHI cohort, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the WHI 2002 publication made an impression on the perception of HRT’s role in the relief of menopausal symptoms. Decision-making on the part of women seeking treatment for vasomotor symptoms and women’s health professionals demonstrates that despite HRT precautions, women continue to exhibit a need for HRT use. This study’s findings suggest that women seeking treatment for menopausal symptom relief and women’s health professionals continue to work together to find the appropriate balance between therapy use and adherence to therapy use guidelines.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41561105)Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20151BDH80022)SEE(Society of Entrepreneurs&Ecology)Foundation in the Project of‘Green Book:China’s Coastal Wetlands’。
文摘Coastal zones are key interconnectors of terrestrial and marine ecosystems.Due to the degradation and fragmentation of coastal wetlands,there is an urgent need to develop assessment methodology to compare the health of wetland ecosystems at different spatial scales.This will help efficiently develop and implement protections using easy-to-access ecosystem health data.This study aims to understand the spatial distribution of coastal and inland wetland health for China’s coastal regions.A Wetland Health Index(WHI)was developed to provide a basis for policy and decision making.Four utilization models—Long Term Model,Open Model,Nature Reserve Model,and Protected and Economic Model—were defined in the context of China’s coastal regions to specifically examine wetland health.Results show that the average WHI score was 63.6 with the range of 44.8–84.3 for 35 National Nature Reserves(NNRs),and the southern NNRs generally performed better than the northern NNRs.The wetlands in the southern provinces/municipalities are relatively healthier than their northern counterparts.The competent authority has slight influence on WHI scores but duration of conservation establishment does not show a clear correlation.With increasing economic activity,the differences in health conditions(WHI scores)of China’s coastal regions also increase.Gross Domestic Product(GDP)or economic intensification does not relate to WHI scores.Appropriate trade-offs between wetland management and economic development could contribute to improve health conditions,conservation and utilization of coastal and inland wetlands.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81671411)Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’Ascent Plan of China(No.DFL20181401).
文摘Menopausal hormone therapy(MHT)is used to treat menopausal complaints including the genitourinary syndrome of menopause,to prevent osteoporosis,and to treat bleeding problems.Since these can be the indications also in young women,especially with POI(premature ovarian insufficiency)or with surgical menopause(bilateral oophorectomy),also the old term"Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT)”is still used.The effective component is the estrogen component without relevant difference in the efficacy of the various MHT-preparations.Additional preventive benefits are reduction of cardiovascular disease(including prevention of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome),reduction of colon cancer,and perhaps also Alzheimer's disease,if started within a Kwindow of opportunity",i.e.in perimenopause or within 6-10 years after menopause.Primary indication for progestogen addition is to avoid the development of estrogen-dependent endometrial cancer,i.e.addition not recommended in hysterectomized women.Two main schedules,sequential-or continuous-combined estrogen/progestogen regimens,are used for treatment of bleeding problems.For this and for optimizing menstrual regulation detailed recommendations are given including proposed dosages for the available different progestogens if added to oral or transdermal estradiol in different estrogen dosages.The WHI-study demonstrated the main risks using MHT within a“worst-case scenario",i.e.start of MHT in old women with high risk for breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases,whereby only^conjugated equine estro-gens”and^medroxprogesterone acetate”have been tested.One main result was that the progestogen component is decisive for the risk of breast cancer,which according to own experimental research and observational studies may be reduced using the physiological progesterone or its isomer dydrogesterone.In addition we propose to push forward research for screening patients with increased breast cancer risk like we have done in the past decade demonstrating that certain membrane-bound receptors in breast cancer tissue or blood can increase this risk.To reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism and stroke,transdermal estradiol(gels,patches,)should be used,in free combination with progesterone or dydrogesterone as"golden standard"in patients with increased risk.To increase the compliance in our patients without special risks we mostly use the available fix-combinations of estradiol/dydrogesterone getting strong efficacy,good menstrual regulation or amenorrhea,respectively,but also other combinations may be indicated to take advantage of for example androgenic or antiandrogenic progestogens.
