BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.Th...BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting over 2%of the global population,marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.Kabatas et al explored the efficacy and ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting over 2%of the global population,marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.Kabatas et al explored the efficacy and safety of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell(WJ-MSC)therapy in a 4-year-old child with ASD.Using the childhood autism rating scale and Denver II develop-mental screening test,significant improvements were seen after six WJ-MSC sessions,with no adverse events over 2 years.Despite promising results,the study’s single-case design limits generalizability.Larger,multi-center trials are needed to validate the findings and assess long-term effects of WJ-MSC therapy in ASD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a life-altering condition that results in long-term complications,including progressive neurodegeneration and cord atrophy.It presents a significant unmet medical need wi...BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a life-altering condition that results in long-term complications,including progressive neurodegeneration and cord atrophy.It presents a significant unmet medical need with extensive social and economic burdens.AIM To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly(WJ-MSCs)in patients with chronic complete SCI.The primary objective was to assess whether WJ-MSCs could facilitate neurological recovery and improve the quality of life in this patient population.METHODS This open-label,multicenter phase I study investigated the effects of administering WJ-MSCs via three delivery routes:Intrathecal(for localized spinal targeting);intramuscular(for targeting end organ);and intravenous(for systemic immunomodulation).While all three routes were used concurrently to enhance therapeutic synergy,neurological,sensory,and functional scales were used to assess overall efficacy.Participants with chronic SCI(duration of at least 6 months)who had significant impairment and disability were eligible for inclusion.WJ-MSCs were administered twice monthly for 2 months,with each route receiving a dose of 1×10^(6)cells/kg.Patients were closely monitored for 1 year following treatment.RESULTS At baseline,participants displayed considerable functional deficits,as indicated by the following scores:Functional independence measure of 77.5±2.26;Modified Ashworth Scale of 15.83±4.83;American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)Motor score of 1.67±2.66;ASIA Light Touch and Pin-Prick scores of 62±18.42 each;Wexner Incontinence Score of 20;and Qualiveen Short Form,a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess the impact of urinary dysfunction on quality of life in individuals with SCI,score of 32.Following WJ-MSC therapy,significant improvements were observed in all neurological functions over the 1-year follow-up.Notably,the ASIA Motor score improved significantly(χ^(2)=23.938,P<0.001),and Qualiveen Short Form scores demonstrated a substantial enhancement in quality of life(z=-2.214,P<0.05).CONCLUSION This phase I study,conducted without a control group,suggests that the administration of WJ-MSCs through multiple routes is both safe and potentially effective in patients with chronic complete SCI.However,the observed neurological improvements cannot be solely attributed to WJ-MSC therapy,as concurrent pharmacological and rehabilitative interventions were not controlled.These findings indicated that WJ-MSC therapy may offer a promising approach for enhancing neurological function and quality of life in this challenging patient population.Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up is necessary to validate these preliminary results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is characterized by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma,which can potentially cause severe physical,cognitive,and emotional impair...BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is characterized by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma,which can potentially cause severe physical,cognitive,and emotional impairment.Stem cell transplantation has evolved as a novel treatment modality in the management of TBI,as it has the potential to arrest the degeneration and promote regeneration of new cells in the brain.Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)have recently shown beneficial effects in the functional recovery of neurological deficits.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficiency of MSC therapy in TBI.METHODS We present 6 patients,4 male and 2 female aged between 21 and 27 years who suffered a TBI.These 6 patients underwent 6 doses of intrathecal,intramuscular(i.m.)and intravenous transplantation of WJ-MSCs at a target dose of 1×106/kg for each application route.Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth scale(MAS),motor function according to the Medical Research Council Muscle Strength Scale,quality of life was assessed by the Functional Independence Measure(FIM)scale and Karnofsky Performance Status scale.RESULTS Our patients showed only early,transient complications,such as subfebrile fever,mild headache,and muscle pain due to i.m.injection,which resolved within 24 h.During the one year follow-up,no other safety issues or adverse events were reported.These 6 patients showed improvements in their cognitive abilities,muscle spasticity,muscle strength,performance scores and fine motor skills when compared before and after the intervention.MAS values,which we used to assess spasticity,were observed to statistically significantly decrease for both left and right sides(P<0.001).The FIM scale includes both motor scores(P<0.05)and cognitive scores(P<0.001)and showed a significant increase in pretest posttest analyses.The difference observed in the participants’Karnofsky Performance Scale values pre and post the intervention was statistically significant(P<0.001).CONCLUSION This study showed that cell transplantation has a safe,effective and promising future in the management of TBI.展开更多
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve...Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.展开更多
This letter addresses the review titled“Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells:Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury”.The review highlights the regenerative potent...This letter addresses the review titled“Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells:Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury”.The review highlights the regenerative potential of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)and describes why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine.The potential plausible role of WJ-MSCs for diabetic bone regeneration should be noticeable,which will provide a new strategy for improving bone regeneration under diabetic conditions.展开更多
Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social...Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social hierarchy,fashion,architecture,and the intricate social rituals that defined New York’s upper class.It explores the constraints and dilemmas women faced within a patriarchal society,highlighting Wharton’s personal experiences and her critical stance on the social norms of her time.The characters of Newland Archer,May Welland,and Ellen Olenska are analyzed to reveal the pressures of societal expectations and the struggles for individual desires within a rigid social structure.Additionally,the paper proposes various teaching methods,including contextual understanding,literary analysis with a historical focus,and historical research projects,to enhance students’comprehension of the cultural and historical context of the novel.These methods aim to immerse students in the narrative and promote their understanding of the Gilded Age’s social dynamics.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with multifaceted origins.In recent studies,neuroinflammation and immune dysregulation have come to the forefront in its pathogenesis.There are studies suggesting that stem cell therapy may be effective in the treatment of ASD.AIM To evolve the landscape of ASD treatment,focusing on the potential benefits and safety of stem cell transplantation.METHODS A detailed case report is presented,displaying the positive outcomes observed in a child who underwent intrathecal and intravenous Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)transplantation combined with neurorehabilitation.RESULTS The study demonstrates a significant improvement in the child’s functional outcomes(Childhood Autism Rating Scale,Denver 2 Developmental Screening Test),especially in language and gross motor skills.No serious side effects were encountered during the 2-year follow-up.CONCLUSION The findings support the safety and effectiveness of WJ-MSC transplantation in managing ASD.
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder affecting over 2%of the global population,marked by social communication deficits and repetitive behaviors.Kabatas et al explored the efficacy and safety of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell(WJ-MSC)therapy in a 4-year-old child with ASD.Using the childhood autism rating scale and Denver II develop-mental screening test,significant improvements were seen after six WJ-MSC sessions,with no adverse events over 2 years.Despite promising results,the study’s single-case design limits generalizability.Larger,multi-center trials are needed to validate the findings and assess long-term effects of WJ-MSC therapy in ASD.
文摘BACKGROUND Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a life-altering condition that results in long-term complications,including progressive neurodegeneration and cord atrophy.It presents a significant unmet medical need with extensive social and economic burdens.AIM To evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly(WJ-MSCs)in patients with chronic complete SCI.The primary objective was to assess whether WJ-MSCs could facilitate neurological recovery and improve the quality of life in this patient population.METHODS This open-label,multicenter phase I study investigated the effects of administering WJ-MSCs via three delivery routes:Intrathecal(for localized spinal targeting);intramuscular(for targeting end organ);and intravenous(for systemic immunomodulation).While all three routes were used concurrently to enhance therapeutic synergy,neurological,sensory,and functional scales were used to assess overall efficacy.Participants with chronic SCI(duration of at least 6 months)who had significant impairment and disability were eligible for inclusion.WJ-MSCs were administered twice monthly for 2 months,with each route receiving a dose of 1×10^(6)cells/kg.Patients were closely monitored for 1 year following treatment.RESULTS At baseline,participants displayed considerable functional deficits,as indicated by the following scores:Functional independence measure of 77.5±2.26;Modified Ashworth Scale of 15.83±4.83;American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)Motor score of 1.67±2.66;ASIA Light Touch and Pin-Prick scores of 62±18.42 each;Wexner Incontinence Score of 20;and Qualiveen Short Form,a validated questionnaire specifically designed to assess the impact of urinary dysfunction on quality of life in individuals with SCI,score of 32.Following WJ-MSC therapy,significant improvements were observed in all neurological functions over the 1-year follow-up.Notably,the ASIA Motor score improved significantly(χ^(2)=23.938,P<0.001),and Qualiveen Short Form scores demonstrated a substantial enhancement in quality of life(z=-2.214,P<0.05).CONCLUSION This phase I study,conducted without a control group,suggests that the administration of WJ-MSCs through multiple routes is both safe and potentially effective in patients with chronic complete SCI.However,the observed neurological improvements cannot be solely attributed to WJ-MSC therapy,as concurrent pharmacological and rehabilitative interventions were not controlled.These findings indicated that WJ-MSC therapy may offer a promising approach for enhancing neurological function and quality of life in this challenging patient population.Further research with larger cohorts and extended follow-up is necessary to validate these preliminary results.
文摘BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is characterized by a disruption in the normal function of the brain due to an injury following a trauma,which can potentially cause severe physical,cognitive,and emotional impairment.Stem cell transplantation has evolved as a novel treatment modality in the management of TBI,as it has the potential to arrest the degeneration and promote regeneration of new cells in the brain.Wharton’s Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)have recently shown beneficial effects in the functional recovery of neurological deficits.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficiency of MSC therapy in TBI.METHODS We present 6 patients,4 male and 2 female aged between 21 and 27 years who suffered a TBI.These 6 patients underwent 6 doses of intrathecal,intramuscular(i.m.)and intravenous transplantation of WJ-MSCs at a target dose of 1×106/kg for each application route.Spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth scale(MAS),motor function according to the Medical Research Council Muscle Strength Scale,quality of life was assessed by the Functional Independence Measure(FIM)scale and Karnofsky Performance Status scale.RESULTS Our patients showed only early,transient complications,such as subfebrile fever,mild headache,and muscle pain due to i.m.injection,which resolved within 24 h.During the one year follow-up,no other safety issues or adverse events were reported.These 6 patients showed improvements in their cognitive abilities,muscle spasticity,muscle strength,performance scores and fine motor skills when compared before and after the intervention.MAS values,which we used to assess spasticity,were observed to statistically significantly decrease for both left and right sides(P<0.001).The FIM scale includes both motor scores(P<0.05)and cognitive scores(P<0.001)and showed a significant increase in pretest posttest analyses.The difference observed in the participants’Karnofsky Performance Scale values pre and post the intervention was statistically significant(P<0.001).CONCLUSION This study showed that cell transplantation has a safe,effective and promising future in the management of TBI.
文摘Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries.WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations.This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries.In this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses.Finally,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.
基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2024M751344the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.GZC20231088.
文摘This letter addresses the review titled“Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells:Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury”.The review highlights the regenerative potential of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)and describes why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine.The potential plausible role of WJ-MSCs for diabetic bone regeneration should be noticeable,which will provide a new strategy for improving bone regeneration under diabetic conditions.
文摘Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social hierarchy,fashion,architecture,and the intricate social rituals that defined New York’s upper class.It explores the constraints and dilemmas women faced within a patriarchal society,highlighting Wharton’s personal experiences and her critical stance on the social norms of her time.The characters of Newland Archer,May Welland,and Ellen Olenska are analyzed to reveal the pressures of societal expectations and the struggles for individual desires within a rigid social structure.Additionally,the paper proposes various teaching methods,including contextual understanding,literary analysis with a historical focus,and historical research projects,to enhance students’comprehension of the cultural and historical context of the novel.These methods aim to immerse students in the narrative and promote their understanding of the Gilded Age’s social dynamics.
