The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to ...The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.展开更多
This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis...This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.展开更多
Compared with traditional energy sources,wind power has a lower environmental impact.However,emissions are still generated across the life cycle of wind turbines,from production to recycling.As wind power rapidly deve...Compared with traditional energy sources,wind power has a lower environmental impact.However,emissions are still generated across the life cycle of wind turbines,from production to recycling.As wind power rapidly develops and deployment increases,these impacts are becoming increasingly evident.A comprehensive understanding of these impacts is crucial for sustainable development.Based on the harmonization of previous detailed life cycle assessment(LCA)studies,this study develops a simplified LCA model that estimates the life cycle environmental impacts of wind turbines based on their nominal power.Using this simplified LCA model,we assess the global warming potential(GWP),acidification potential(AP),and cumulative energy demand(CED)of wind power at the regional scale for 2022 and under three future scenarios(high-power wind turbine promotion,reduced wind curtailment,and a comprehensive development scenario).The results indicate that in 2022,the life cycle GWP,AP,and CED of wind power in western China were 10.76 g CO_(2) eq/kWh,0.177 g SO_(2) eq/kWh,and 17.6 kJ/kWh,respectively.Scenario simulations suggest that reducing wind curtailment is the most effective approach for reducing emissions in Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,and Xinjiang,producing average decreases of 8.64%in GWP,8.39%in AP,and 9.26%in CED.In contrast,for Guangxi,Chongqing,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Xizang,and Shaanxi,the promotion of high-power wind turbines provides greater environmental benefits than reducing curtailment,producing average decreases of 3.45%,3.09%,and 4.29%in GWP,AP,and CED,respectively.These findings help clarify the environmental impact of wind power across its life cycle at the regional scale and provide theoretical references for the direction of future wind power development and the formulation of related policies.展开更多
Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the She...Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.展开更多
This study provides new evidence for a significant Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal event in the southern Dharwar Craton,based on U-Pb dating of rutile and monazite from metamorphic rocks of the Sargur Group.Trace eleme...This study provides new evidence for a significant Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal event in the southern Dharwar Craton,based on U-Pb dating of rutile and monazite from metamorphic rocks of the Sargur Group.Trace element analysis of rutile in garnet-bearing amphibolite,amphibolite,garnet-bearing staurolite-kyanite schist,and grunerite-garnet schist suggests that their protoliths were primarily basaltic rocks,sediments with mafic component,pelitic sediments,and mixed sediments with both mafic and felsic components,respectively.Rutile U-Pb ages of 625±22 Ma(garnet-bearing amphibolite),752±5.1 Ma(amphibolite),836±4 Ma to 663±26 Ma(garnet-bearing staurolite kyanite schist)and 860±13 Ma(grunerite-garnet schist),along with a monazite U-Pb age of 789±4.4 Ma(garnet-bearing staurolite kyanite schist),record a significant Neoproterozoic(860-625 Ma)tectono-thermal event along the southern margin of the western Dharwar Craton.This event is most likely associated with aborted rift-related alkaline magmatism along the northern margin of the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)and the southern margin of the Dharwar Craton.Given the lack of direct evidence for the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent in the Dharwar Craton and SGT,this Neoproterozoic event is unlikely to be related to the breakup of Rodinia.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine ...Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine treatment from December 2024 to March 2025 was selected and divided into groups by lottery.Group A received AI-assisted management for rational clinical use of western medicines,while Group B received conventional management.Thirty-six patients taking oral western medicines were included in Group B.Results:Group A outperformed Group B in terms of the irrationality rate of western medicine usage,drug management scores,adverse reaction rates,complaint rates,and satisfaction levels,with p<0.05.Conclusion:AI-assisted rational clinical use of western medicines enhances drug management quality,reduces the irrationality rate of medication usage,and decreases complaint rates related to western medicine usage.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended wi...In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended winter season(November–March).WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs,contributing substantially(32% in winter,11% annually) to total precipitation within WH.WDs are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Ni?o than La Ni?a to the west of WH.During El Ni?o(compared to La Ni?a) years,WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box”(the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs).This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Ni?o periods than La Ni?a periods.A substantial southward shift(~180 km) of the subtropical jet(STJ) axis during El Ni?o brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources,especially the Arabian Sea.We have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)within them.VIMF convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest,and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the highest.Overall,this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ,and moisture convergence,which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.展开更多
1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western med...1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.展开更多
Tropical cyclones(TCs)have profound impacts on socioeconomic conditions and pose substantial risks to lives and property.However,it is still unclear whether the multitimescale changes in TC activity over the past 2000...Tropical cyclones(TCs)have profound impacts on socioeconomic conditions and pose substantial risks to lives and property.However,it is still unclear whether the multitimescale changes in TC activity over the past 2000 years in the Northwestern Pacific(NWP)were regulated by Asian dust forcing.Here,we assessed the impact of Asian dust on TC activity using observational data and reconstructed records from the northern and southern NWP.Our correlation analysis of instrumental data from 1954 to 2017 reveals no significant relationship between observed TC activity and Asian dust forcing.Furthermore,we found a meridional dipole pattern of TC variation across the NWP in observations and reconstructions.These finding challenges current explanations that are based on the synchronous changes in TC activity and Asian dust forcing.Alternatively,we propose that the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)plays a crucial role in driving these meridional dipole patterns in TC variations,as supported by observations and reconstructions.The southwestward extension of an enhanced WPSH intensifies easterly flow,steering TCs westward along its southern edge.This leads to more TC activity in the southern NWP but less in the north,and vice versa when the WPSH is weakened.With the expected strengthening of the WPSH due to global warming,it is vital to consider its impact on NWP TC activity for effective risk-mitigation strategies.展开更多
INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depres...INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.展开更多
Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality wor...Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality worldwide.Many studies have identified the gastrointestinal microbiota,or gut microbiota,as an important contributor to both the pathogenesis and treatment of GPL and GC,thus understanding its role in this transition is crucial.The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the current landscape of microbiota research associated with GPL and GC,with an emphasis on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)driven microbial dysbiosis and its modulation through Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)approaches.By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of H.pylori colonization,patterns,and interactions among microbiota,as well as the influence of microbial metabolites,this review highlights crucial driving factors of gastric carcinogenesis.The role of microbiota in conventional interventions,including H.pylori eradication,immunotherapy,as well as TCM herbal decoctions,is also discussed to provide a detailed understanding of the complex interactions between therapy and microbiota and how it could be potentially targeted for effective management of GPL and GC.Ultimately,microbiota-targeting therapeutics may represent a new path toward early detection,targeted treatment,improved prognosis,and potentially reduced incidence of GPL and GC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rheumatic immune diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases charac-terized by joint and systemic multi-organ involvement,including rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,and Sjogren’s...BACKGROUND Rheumatic immune diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases charac-terized by joint and systemic multi-organ involvement,including rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,and Sjogren’s syndrome,among others.The pathogenesis of these diseases is related to the abnormal activation and regulatory imbalance of the immune system.The prevalence and morbidity of rheumatic immune diseases are high,imposing a significant burden on patients'quality of life and socio-economic costs.Currently,the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases mainly relies on Western medicine,such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,glucocorticoids,disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs,and biologics.However,the therapeutic effects of Western medicine are not ideal,some patients poorly respond or are resistant to Western medicine,and long-term use often causes various adverse reactions.AIM To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii gly-cosides tablets combined with Western medicine in the treatment of patients with rheumatic immune diseases.METHODS This study conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine for patients with rheumatic immune diseases.Chinese and English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases with Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.RESULTS The meta-analysis included 11 RCTs involving 1026 patients with rheumatic immune diseases.The combined treatment significantly reduced the risk of disease recurrence(relative risk=1.07,95%confidence interval:1.01-1.15,P<0.05)and showed no significant heterogeneity(I2=0%,P=0.53),indicating that Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine is an effective method to reduce the possibility of postoperative recurrence in patients with rheumatic immune diseases.However,due to the limited number and quality of the studies included,these results should be interpreted with caution.CONCLUSION Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with rheumatic immune diseases and can be considered a clinical choice.However,more high-quality research is needed to validate this conclusion and provide more solid evidence for clinical practice.展开更多
BACKGROUND The burden of mental disorders(MD)in the Western Pacific Region(WPR)re-mains a critical public health concern,with substantial variations across demogra-phics and countries.AIM To analyze the burden of MD i...BACKGROUND The burden of mental disorders(MD)in the Western Pacific Region(WPR)re-mains a critical public health concern,with substantial variations across demogra-phics and countries.AIM To analyze the burden of MD in the WPR from 1990 to 2021,along with associated risk factors,to reveal changing trends and emerging challenges.METHODS We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021,analyzing prevalence,incidence,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of MD from 1990 to 2021.Statistical methods included age-standardisation and uncertainty analysis to address variations in population structure and data completeness.RESULTS Between 1990 and 2021,the prevalence of MD rose from 174.40 million cases[95%uncertainty interval(UI):160.17-189.84]to 234.90 million cases(95%UI:219.04-252.50),with corresponding DALYs increasing from 22.8 million(95%UI:17.22-28.79)to 32.07 million(95%UI:24.50-40.68).During this period,the burden of MD shifted towards older age groups.Depressive and anxiety disorders were predominant,with females showing higher DALYs for depressive and anxiety disorders,and males more affected by conduct disorders,attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,and autism spectrum disorders.Australia,New Zealand,and Malaysia reported the highest burdens,whereas Vietnam,China,and Brunei Darussalam reported the lowest.Additionally,childhood sexual abuse and bullying,and intimate partner violence emerged as significant risk factors.CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant burden of MD in the WPR,with variations by age,gender,and nation.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the situation,emphasizing the need for a coordinated response.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohor...BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.展开更多
The black coral genus Bathypathes Brook,1889 represents a relatively diverse and ecologically important assemblage comprising the deep-sea hard substrate communities.Recent phylogenetic investigations have revealed th...The black coral genus Bathypathes Brook,1889 represents a relatively diverse and ecologically important assemblage comprising the deep-sea hard substrate communities.Recent phylogenetic investigations have revealed the polyphyletic nature of Bathypathes,urging further morphological analysis to understand its systematics.By combing morphological and molecular data,we describe Bathypathes multifurcata sp.nov.and report B.pseudoalternata Molodtsova,Opresko&Wagner,2022based on the specimens collected from the tropical western Pacific.The phylogenetic topology reconstructed using nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and three mitochondrial fragments suggests the separation of Bathypathes into four groups.Our analysis of morphological characters,particularly the colony branch and pinnule patterns also roughly classify Bathypathes into four morphological groups A–D.Group A is characterized by the unbranched colony and the subopposite arrangement of pinnules.In contrast to Group A,Groups B–D have the alternately arranged pinnules.Among these,Group C exhibits a distinctly long unpinnulated stem compared to Groups B and D.Group B has unbranched colony,relatively short unpinnulated stem,and spines on pinnules have blunt apex.Within Group D,large colonies(higher than 40 cm)have one or a few branches,small colonies(less than 40 cm)are unbranched,and spines on pinnules have acute apex.Further data particularly those species without sequences are necessary to verify the classification of these groups.展开更多
AIM:To describe the demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of childhood amblyopia in a tertiary eye center in western India.METHODS:This was a retrospective longitudinal hospital-based study of 1...AIM:To describe the demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of childhood amblyopia in a tertiary eye center in western India.METHODS:This was a retrospective longitudinal hospital-based study of 1382 children aged≤12y included in the National Institute of OphthalMology AmBlyopia StUdy in Indian Paediatric EyeS(NIMBUS)Study.Data on patient demographics,treatment approach,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)changes were reviewed.RESULTS:The mean age of the study cohort was 4.54±2.46y,with males constituting the majority(55.4%).The cause of amblyopia was refractive error in 73.2%,strabismus in 7.3%,and anisometropia in 6.8%of eyes.The majority of therapies comprised glasses(74.4%),followed by occlusion+glasses(10.3%),occlusion alone(7.3%),and surgery+patching+glasses(5.1%).The mean occlusion time was 2.46±1.14h.After a median follow-up of 10.00(6-85)mo,the mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.85±0.41 to 0.55±0.42 logMAR.Subgroup analysis revealed BCVA gain for all etiologies,including refractive errors(P<0.001),strabismus(P<0.001),cataract(P<0.001),and ptosis(P<0.001).Additionally,eyes with refractive errors showed significantly better BCVA than eyes with cataracts(P<0.001),strabismus(P<0.001)and marginally better BCVA than eyes with ptosis(P<0.05),both at the baseline and final visit.CONCLUSION:Refractive errors are the commonest cause of amblyopia,followed by strabismus and anisometropia.Timely detection,optimal therapy,and periodic follow-up are crucial in bettering visual acuity regardless of the cause.展开更多
Microplastic contamination is considered a major threat to the marine environment.Although microplastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean has been studied,its abundance,distribution,composition,and origin in the western ...Microplastic contamination is considered a major threat to the marine environment.Although microplastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean has been studied,its abundance,distribution,composition,and origin in the western Pacific Ocean remain unclear.Here,we investigated the abundance and distribution characteristics of microplastics in surface waters of the western Pacific Ocean and analyzed their potential sources.Results show that microplastics were widespread in the western Pacific Ocean,with abundance ranging from 0.03 to 2.36 particles/m^(3)(average 0.37±0.47 particles/m^(3)).Fibers/filaments and fragments were the main shapes of microplastics(71.6%)and the most abundant microplastic size class was<1.0 mm(42.4%).Significant differences in microplastic abundance were observed in different regions,with the lowest abundance in the South China Sea(0.03 particles/m^(3))and highest abundance in the seamount area in the western Pacific Ocean(0.58 particles/m^(3)).This study provides baseline data and insights into the fate and transportation of microplastics in the western Pacific region.展开更多
In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previousl...In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.展开更多
Understanding past changes in surface vegetation cover is crucial for clarifying spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation,temperature,and humidity variations across Central Asia.In this study,we developed a tree-ring wid...Understanding past changes in surface vegetation cover is crucial for clarifying spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation,temperature,and humidity variations across Central Asia.In this study,we developed a tree-ring width index chronology for Juniperus excelsa in the western Alborz Mountains of Iran and examined its correlation with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Using this relationship,we reconstructed NDVI variations in this region since 1943.Our results indicate that both the tree-ring width index and NDVI from April to August exhibit strong correlations with precipitation from the previous December to the current May,as well as with the May Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI).The tree-ring width index is significantly and positively correlated with NDVI from April to August(R_(adj)^(2)=0.562,F=26.616,p<0.001),confirming its effectiveness in representing NDVI fluctuations during this period.The reconstructed NDVI series reveals more pronounced vegetation cover fluctuations since the 1990s compared to the 1940s-1980s.Notably,periods of low vegetation cover occurred in the late 20 th to early 21 st century,whereas high vegetation cover was observed in the early 2020s.Since 1943,key periods of relatively low vegetation cover include 1946-1955,1959-1973,1986-1989,1997-2002,and 2008-2015.The notably low vegetation cover from 1997 to 2002 coincides with a severe and persistent drought that has affected Central and South Asia since the 1940s.Our findings suggest that vegetation growth in the study area reflects both local climate variations and broader regional or global climate changes.By extending short-term NDVI records obtained via remote sensing,this study provides a long-term perspective on vegetation dynamics,enhancing our understanding of historical vegetation dynamics in Iran and their response to climate fluctuations.展开更多
Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for decipherin...Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for deciphering the geodynamic processes in subduction zones.In this study,we apply different versions of datasets(ds55 and ds62)and associated a-x relations to a wellestablished LT-HP eclogite at Huwan in the classic western Dabie orogen to constrain its P-T evolution.The eclogite comprises garnet+omphacite+amphibole+white mica+epidote+quartz+chlorite+rutile/ilmenite/sphene.Garnet porphyroblasts show mono-variation in the end members(spessartine from 17 mol%to 0,pyrope from 2 mol%to 18 mol%,almandine from 47 mol%to 64mol%and grossular from 35 mol%to 18 mol%)from core to rim.Phase diagrams combined with compositional isopleth thermobarometry show that dataset ds62 and associated a-x relations yield P_(max)of~33 kbar at~560℃,conflicting with our petrological observations and previous studies.On the other hand,phase equilibrium modeling using dataset ds62 and a revised symmetric garnet a-x model irrespective of Fe^(3+)(O)gives P_(max)of~27 kbar at~560℃,consistent with the results using dataset ds55 and associated a-x relations.Therefore,we recommend a symmetric model for garnet involving py,alm,gr and spss,without Fe~(3+)components,instead of the asymmetric garnet a-x relations involving py,alm,gr,spss and kho by White et al.(2014),for calculating phase diagrams for LT-(U)HP eclogite when using dataset ds62.In this study,the defined P-T path is characterized by a segment of the prograde evolution showing a first moderate slope,followed by gentle then steep slopes,representing the thermal structure evolution recorded by slab surface during continental subduction.Our work combined with previous studies conclude that in western Dabie,the Huwan HP eclogite belt to the north and the Hong'an HP eclogite belt to the south belong to the same HP slice overlying the Xinxian UHP slice.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41602161,92255302)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(Project No.2016ZX05033)Sinopec Science and Technology Development Project(Project No.P18089-1,P22085).
文摘The Western Sichuan Foreland Basin(WSFB)in South China,a prolific hydrocarbon province,exhibits complex structural deformation influenced by Triassic salt tectonics.This paper integrates seismic data and well data to elucidate the role of Middle-Lower Triassic evaporite layers in shaping basin structures,focusing on Xinchang Tectonic Zone(XTZ).Salt layers facilitated decoupled deformation between supra-and sub-salt sequences,forming salt pillows and fault-related folds.Three distinct structural trends were identified in XTZ.Key findings reveal that salt thickness variations correlate with deformation styles:thicker salt promoted detachment folding,while thinner salt led to hard-linked fault systems.Sub-salt E-NE trending reverse faults formed horsetail terminations associated with the Pengzhou faults(PzF),deviating from the primary Longmenshan thrust belt(LmsTB)orientation.Structural evolution occurred in three stages:(1)Indosinian salt deposition and foreland basin initiation;(2)Yanshanian eastward propagation of thrust systems with salt-driven detachment folding;(3)Himalayan reactivation overprinting earlier structures with sub-NS trending folds.This work establishes a direct link between salt layers and structural traps,demonstrating how salt acted as a critical detachment layer during multi-stage compression.Results provide insights into the gas exploration of the Late Triassic Xujiahe Formation,emphasizing the importance of salt-influenced deformation in foreland basin systems.
基金The National University of Mongolia,No.P2024-4814The Mongolian Science and Technology Foundation,No.CHN-2022/274The‘Chey Institute for Advanced Studies’International Scholar Exchange Fellowship for the Academic Year of 2025-2026。
文摘This study investigates climate-and human-induced hydrological changes in the Zavkhan River-Khyargas Lake Basin,a highly sensitive arid and semi-arid region of Central Asia.Using Mann-Kendall,innovative trend analysis,and Sen's slope estimation methods,historical climate trends(1980-2100)were analyzed,while land cover changes represented human impacts.Future projections were simulated using the MIROC model with Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSPs)and the Tank model.Results show that during the past 40 years,air temperature significantly increased(Z=3.93^(***)),while precipitation(Z=-1.54^(*))and river flow(Z=-1.73^(*))both declined.The Khyargas Lake water level dropped markedly(Z=-5.57***).Land cover analysis reveals expanded cropland and impervious areas due to human activity.Under the SSP1.26 scenario,which assumes minimal climate change,air temperature is projected to rise by 2.0℃,precipitation by 21.8 mm,and river discharge by 1.61 m^(3)/s between 2000 and 2100.These findings indicate that both global warming and intensified land use have substantially altered hydrological and climatic processes in the basin,highlighting the vulnerability of western Mongolia's water resources to combined climatic and anthropogenic influence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1303405).
文摘Compared with traditional energy sources,wind power has a lower environmental impact.However,emissions are still generated across the life cycle of wind turbines,from production to recycling.As wind power rapidly develops and deployment increases,these impacts are becoming increasingly evident.A comprehensive understanding of these impacts is crucial for sustainable development.Based on the harmonization of previous detailed life cycle assessment(LCA)studies,this study develops a simplified LCA model that estimates the life cycle environmental impacts of wind turbines based on their nominal power.Using this simplified LCA model,we assess the global warming potential(GWP),acidification potential(AP),and cumulative energy demand(CED)of wind power at the regional scale for 2022 and under three future scenarios(high-power wind turbine promotion,reduced wind curtailment,and a comprehensive development scenario).The results indicate that in 2022,the life cycle GWP,AP,and CED of wind power in western China were 10.76 g CO_(2) eq/kWh,0.177 g SO_(2) eq/kWh,and 17.6 kJ/kWh,respectively.Scenario simulations suggest that reducing wind curtailment is the most effective approach for reducing emissions in Inner Mongolia,Gansu,Qinghai,Ningxia,and Xinjiang,producing average decreases of 8.64%in GWP,8.39%in AP,and 9.26%in CED.In contrast,for Guangxi,Chongqing,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Xizang,and Shaanxi,the promotion of high-power wind turbines provides greater environmental benefits than reducing curtailment,producing average decreases of 3.45%,3.09%,and 4.29%in GWP,AP,and CED,respectively.These findings help clarify the environmental impact of wind power across its life cycle at the regional scale and provide theoretical references for the direction of future wind power development and the formulation of related policies.
基金supported by the Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology,Govt.India,under grant No.BT/Coord.II/10/02/2016/22.03.2018the Indian Council of Social Science Research,New Delhi,India,for providing a short-term doctoral fellowship(RFD/Short-Term/2022-23/ENV/ST/66).
文摘Understanding spatial patterns of plant species diversity and the factors(e.g.,climate and human)that drive these patterns is essential for biodiversity conservation.We used data from 1700.1-ha forest plots in the Shettihalli tropical forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot,India,to analyse tree community composition and the drivers ofα-diversity(Shannon)andβ-diversity(LCBD).Compositional patterns were visualized using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling(NMDS),and hybrid feature selection with structural equation modeling(SEM)was employed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of environmental variables on diversity.NMDS identified four distinct forest types in the Shettihalli landscape:semi-evergreen,dry deciduous,moist deciduous,and plantation forests,each with distinct plant composition.Shannon diversity and ecological uniqueness was significantly higher in semi-evergreen forest than in deciduous forest plots.The SEMs explained about 79%and 39–45%of the variation inα-diversity andβ-diversity.Our analysis indicated that current diversity patterns result from multiple processes,with structure,disturbance,and edaphic parameters exerting the strongest direct and indirect effects onα-diversity.β-diversity,in contrast,was largely influenced by climate,topography,stand structure,and edaphic factors.Overall,our findings indicate that various factors(e.g.,climate,topography,and human disturbance)interact to shape tree diversity patterns in tropical forests.These findings will help develop unique conservation and management strategies for distinct forest types in tropical forest ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos:41890831 and 42172214)the MOST Special Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University.
文摘This study provides new evidence for a significant Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal event in the southern Dharwar Craton,based on U-Pb dating of rutile and monazite from metamorphic rocks of the Sargur Group.Trace element analysis of rutile in garnet-bearing amphibolite,amphibolite,garnet-bearing staurolite-kyanite schist,and grunerite-garnet schist suggests that their protoliths were primarily basaltic rocks,sediments with mafic component,pelitic sediments,and mixed sediments with both mafic and felsic components,respectively.Rutile U-Pb ages of 625±22 Ma(garnet-bearing amphibolite),752±5.1 Ma(amphibolite),836±4 Ma to 663±26 Ma(garnet-bearing staurolite kyanite schist)and 860±13 Ma(grunerite-garnet schist),along with a monazite U-Pb age of 789±4.4 Ma(garnet-bearing staurolite kyanite schist),record a significant Neoproterozoic(860-625 Ma)tectono-thermal event along the southern margin of the western Dharwar Craton.This event is most likely associated with aborted rift-related alkaline magmatism along the northern margin of the Southern Granulite Terrane(SGT)and the southern margin of the Dharwar Craton.Given the lack of direct evidence for the assembly of the Rodinia supercontinent in the Dharwar Craton and SGT,this Neoproterozoic event is unlikely to be related to the breakup of Rodinia.
文摘Objective:To analyze the application value of artificial intelligence(AI)in the comprehensive service pathway for rational clinical use of western medicines.Methods:A sample of 73 patients undergoing western medicine treatment from December 2024 to March 2025 was selected and divided into groups by lottery.Group A received AI-assisted management for rational clinical use of western medicines,while Group B received conventional management.Thirty-six patients taking oral western medicines were included in Group B.Results:Group A outperformed Group B in terms of the irrationality rate of western medicine usage,drug management scores,adverse reaction rates,complaint rates,and satisfaction levels,with p<0.05.Conclusion:AI-assisted rational clinical use of western medicines enhances drug management quality,reduces the irrationality rate of medication usage,and decreases complaint rates related to western medicine usage.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology,Government of India,and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)(09/081(1371)/2019-EMRI)for its funding,supported by a NERC Independent Research Fellowship(MITRE,NE/W007924/1)。
文摘In this study,we investigate the complex relationship between western disturbances(WDs),the El Ni?o–Southern Oscillation(ENSO),and extreme precipitation events(EPEs) in the western Himalaya(WH) during the extended winter season(November–March).WDs west of WH coincide with 97% of recorded EPEs,contributing substantially(32% in winter,11% annually) to total precipitation within WH.WDs are 6% less frequent and 4% more intense during El Ni?o than La Ni?a to the west of WH.During El Ni?o(compared to La Ni?a) years,WDs co-occurring with EPEs are significantly more intense and associated with 17% higher moisture transport over “WH box”(the selected region where most of the winter precipitation over WH occurs).This results in twice the EPE frequency during El Ni?o periods than La Ni?a periods.A substantial southward shift(~180 km) of the subtropical jet(STJ) axis during El Ni?o brings WD tracks further south towards their primary moisture sources,especially the Arabian Sea.We have shown that WDs that are both more intense and pass to the south of their typical latitudes have higher levels of vertically integrated moisture flux(VIMF)within them.VIMF convergence in the most intense pentile of WDs is 5.7 times higher than in the weakest,and is 3.4 times higher in the second lowest latitude pentile than in the highest.Overall,this study demonstrates a direct link between changes in the latitudinal position and intensity of WDs associated with the winter STJ,and moisture convergence,which leads to the occurrence of EPEs over WH during ENSO phases.
文摘1 Introduction The history of medicine in modern China has frequently been framed through a lens of“Westernization”,in which traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is portrayed as grad-ually yielding to modern Western medicine.Such a binary framework,however,oversimplifies the intricate realities of medical encounters in China.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42225105,No.42201176National Natural Science Foundation of China Basic Science Center for Tibetan Plateau Earth System Project(NSFC BSCTPES Project),No.41988101。
文摘Tropical cyclones(TCs)have profound impacts on socioeconomic conditions and pose substantial risks to lives and property.However,it is still unclear whether the multitimescale changes in TC activity over the past 2000 years in the Northwestern Pacific(NWP)were regulated by Asian dust forcing.Here,we assessed the impact of Asian dust on TC activity using observational data and reconstructed records from the northern and southern NWP.Our correlation analysis of instrumental data from 1954 to 2017 reveals no significant relationship between observed TC activity and Asian dust forcing.Furthermore,we found a meridional dipole pattern of TC variation across the NWP in observations and reconstructions.These finding challenges current explanations that are based on the synchronous changes in TC activity and Asian dust forcing.Alternatively,we propose that the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)plays a crucial role in driving these meridional dipole patterns in TC variations,as supported by observations and reconstructions.The southwestward extension of an enhanced WPSH intensifies easterly flow,steering TCs westward along its southern edge.This leads to more TC activity in the southern NWP but less in the north,and vice versa when the WPSH is weakened.With the expected strengthening of the WPSH due to global warming,it is vital to consider its impact on NWP TC activity for effective risk-mitigation strategies.
基金funded by the Construction Project of the"Flagship"Department of Chinese and Western Medicine Coordination(LiuL/2024-221)the 2024 Medical Service and Security Capacity Improvement Project(National Clinical Key Specialty Construction)(LiuL/Huwei Medical/2024-65)+5 种基金the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Standardization Project(LiuL/No.2023JSP03)the Shanghai Key Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Clinical)(LiuL/2024-No.3)the Shanghai Technical Standardization Management and Promotion Project(LiuL/No.SHDC22023212)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(2022)(LiuL/No.2022Cx004)Clinical research project of Shanghai Health Commission-Youth Project(LW/No.20214Y0056)Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health(LW/No.SZB2023201).
文摘INTRODUCTION.Depressive disorders are mental illnesses that seriously affect public health.There are approximately 320 million patients with depression worldwide,accounting for 4.4% of the total disease burden.1Depression leads to social and occupational impairment,diminished quality of life and an elevated risk of death by suicide.
文摘Gastric precancerous lesions(GPL)represent a crucial stage in the complex process of gastric carcinogenesis that leads to gastric cancer(GC),one of the most prevalent cancers and a major source of cancer mortality worldwide.Many studies have identified the gastrointestinal microbiota,or gut microbiota,as an important contributor to both the pathogenesis and treatment of GPL and GC,thus understanding its role in this transition is crucial.The purpose of this literature review is to introduce the current landscape of microbiota research associated with GPL and GC,with an emphasis on Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)driven microbial dysbiosis and its modulation through Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)approaches.By elucidating the underlying mechanisms of H.pylori colonization,patterns,and interactions among microbiota,as well as the influence of microbial metabolites,this review highlights crucial driving factors of gastric carcinogenesis.The role of microbiota in conventional interventions,including H.pylori eradication,immunotherapy,as well as TCM herbal decoctions,is also discussed to provide a detailed understanding of the complex interactions between therapy and microbiota and how it could be potentially targeted for effective management of GPL and GC.Ultimately,microbiota-targeting therapeutics may represent a new path toward early detection,targeted treatment,improved prognosis,and potentially reduced incidence of GPL and GC.
文摘BACKGROUND Rheumatic immune diseases are a group of chronic inflammatory diseases charac-terized by joint and systemic multi-organ involvement,including rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,and Sjogren’s syndrome,among others.The pathogenesis of these diseases is related to the abnormal activation and regulatory imbalance of the immune system.The prevalence and morbidity of rheumatic immune diseases are high,imposing a significant burden on patients'quality of life and socio-economic costs.Currently,the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases mainly relies on Western medicine,such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,glucocorticoids,disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs,and biologics.However,the therapeutic effects of Western medicine are not ideal,some patients poorly respond or are resistant to Western medicine,and long-term use often causes various adverse reactions.AIM To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii gly-cosides tablets combined with Western medicine in the treatment of patients with rheumatic immune diseases.METHODS This study conducted a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine for patients with rheumatic immune diseases.Chinese and English databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the treatment of rheumatic immune diseases with Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software.RESULTS The meta-analysis included 11 RCTs involving 1026 patients with rheumatic immune diseases.The combined treatment significantly reduced the risk of disease recurrence(relative risk=1.07,95%confidence interval:1.01-1.15,P<0.05)and showed no significant heterogeneity(I2=0%,P=0.53),indicating that Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine is an effective method to reduce the possibility of postoperative recurrence in patients with rheumatic immune diseases.However,due to the limited number and quality of the studies included,these results should be interpreted with caution.CONCLUSION Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides tablets combined with Western medicine is an effective and safe treatment option for patients with rheumatic immune diseases and can be considered a clinical choice.However,more high-quality research is needed to validate this conclusion and provide more solid evidence for clinical practice.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC3600903Key Discipline Project under Shanghai's Three-Year Action Plan for Strengthening the Public Health System(2023-2025),No.GWVI-11.1-44.
文摘BACKGROUND The burden of mental disorders(MD)in the Western Pacific Region(WPR)re-mains a critical public health concern,with substantial variations across demogra-phics and countries.AIM To analyze the burden of MD in the WPR from 1990 to 2021,along with associated risk factors,to reveal changing trends and emerging challenges.METHODS We used data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021,analyzing prevalence,incidence,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)of MD from 1990 to 2021.Statistical methods included age-standardisation and uncertainty analysis to address variations in population structure and data completeness.RESULTS Between 1990 and 2021,the prevalence of MD rose from 174.40 million cases[95%uncertainty interval(UI):160.17-189.84]to 234.90 million cases(95%UI:219.04-252.50),with corresponding DALYs increasing from 22.8 million(95%UI:17.22-28.79)to 32.07 million(95%UI:24.50-40.68).During this period,the burden of MD shifted towards older age groups.Depressive and anxiety disorders were predominant,with females showing higher DALYs for depressive and anxiety disorders,and males more affected by conduct disorders,attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder,and autism spectrum disorders.Australia,New Zealand,and Malaysia reported the highest burdens,whereas Vietnam,China,and Brunei Darussalam reported the lowest.Additionally,childhood sexual abuse and bullying,and intimate partner violence emerged as significant risk factors.CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant burden of MD in the WPR,with variations by age,gender,and nation.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has exacerbated the situation,emphasizing the need for a coordinated response.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82174461Hospital Capability Enhancement Project of Xiyuan Hospital,CACMS,No.XYZX0201-22Technology Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,No.CI2021A01811.
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC)have a low incidence rate,poor biological activity,suboptimal response to conventional treatments,and a poor prognosis.In the previous cohort study on mCRC conducted by our team,it was observed that integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment could significantly prolong the overall survival(OS)of patients with colorectal cancer.Therefore,we further explored the survival benefits in the population with BRAF V600E mutant mCRC.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer.METHODS A cohort study was conducted on patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer admitted to Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2016 to December 2022.The patients were divided into two cohorts.RESULTS A total of 34 cases were included,with 23 in Chinese-Western medicine cohort(cohort A)and 11 in Western medicine cohort(cohort B).The median overall survival was 19.9 months in cohort A and 14.2 months in cohort B,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.038,hazard ratio=0.46).The 1-3-year survival rates were 95.65%(22/23),39.13%(9/23),and 26.09%(6/23)in cohort A,and 63.64%(7/11),18.18%(2/11),and 9.09%(1/11)in cohort B,respectively.Subgroup analysis showed statistically significant differences in median OS between the two cohorts in the right colon,liver metastasis,chemotherapy,and first-line treatment subgroups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Integrated Chinese and Western medicine can prolong the survival and reduce the risk of death in patients with BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer,with more pronounced benefits observed in patients with right colon involvement,liver metastasis,combined chemotherapy,and first-line treatment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930533,42176128)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB42000000)+1 种基金the Senior User Project of R/V Kexue(No.KEXUE2020GZ02)the Science and Technology Program of Nanji Islands National Marine Nature Reserve Administration(No.JJZB-PYCG-2021112901)。
文摘The black coral genus Bathypathes Brook,1889 represents a relatively diverse and ecologically important assemblage comprising the deep-sea hard substrate communities.Recent phylogenetic investigations have revealed the polyphyletic nature of Bathypathes,urging further morphological analysis to understand its systematics.By combing morphological and molecular data,we describe Bathypathes multifurcata sp.nov.and report B.pseudoalternata Molodtsova,Opresko&Wagner,2022based on the specimens collected from the tropical western Pacific.The phylogenetic topology reconstructed using nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and three mitochondrial fragments suggests the separation of Bathypathes into four groups.Our analysis of morphological characters,particularly the colony branch and pinnule patterns also roughly classify Bathypathes into four morphological groups A–D.Group A is characterized by the unbranched colony and the subopposite arrangement of pinnules.In contrast to Group A,Groups B–D have the alternately arranged pinnules.Among these,Group C exhibits a distinctly long unpinnulated stem compared to Groups B and D.Group B has unbranched colony,relatively short unpinnulated stem,and spines on pinnules have blunt apex.Within Group D,large colonies(higher than 40 cm)have one or a few branches,small colonies(less than 40 cm)are unbranched,and spines on pinnules have acute apex.Further data particularly those species without sequences are necessary to verify the classification of these groups.
文摘AIM:To describe the demographics,clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of childhood amblyopia in a tertiary eye center in western India.METHODS:This was a retrospective longitudinal hospital-based study of 1382 children aged≤12y included in the National Institute of OphthalMology AmBlyopia StUdy in Indian Paediatric EyeS(NIMBUS)Study.Data on patient demographics,treatment approach,and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)changes were reviewed.RESULTS:The mean age of the study cohort was 4.54±2.46y,with males constituting the majority(55.4%).The cause of amblyopia was refractive error in 73.2%,strabismus in 7.3%,and anisometropia in 6.8%of eyes.The majority of therapies comprised glasses(74.4%),followed by occlusion+glasses(10.3%),occlusion alone(7.3%),and surgery+patching+glasses(5.1%).The mean occlusion time was 2.46±1.14h.After a median follow-up of 10.00(6-85)mo,the mean BCVA significantly improved from 0.85±0.41 to 0.55±0.42 logMAR.Subgroup analysis revealed BCVA gain for all etiologies,including refractive errors(P<0.001),strabismus(P<0.001),cataract(P<0.001),and ptosis(P<0.001).Additionally,eyes with refractive errors showed significantly better BCVA than eyes with cataracts(P<0.001),strabismus(P<0.001)and marginally better BCVA than eyes with ptosis(P<0.05),both at the baseline and final visit.CONCLUSION:Refractive errors are the commonest cause of amblyopia,followed by strabismus and anisometropia.Timely detection,optimal therapy,and periodic follow-up are crucial in bettering visual acuity regardless of the cause.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC1402201)the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association Project(No.DY135-E2-2-04)。
文摘Microplastic contamination is considered a major threat to the marine environment.Although microplastic pollution in the Pacific Ocean has been studied,its abundance,distribution,composition,and origin in the western Pacific Ocean remain unclear.Here,we investigated the abundance and distribution characteristics of microplastics in surface waters of the western Pacific Ocean and analyzed their potential sources.Results show that microplastics were widespread in the western Pacific Ocean,with abundance ranging from 0.03 to 2.36 particles/m^(3)(average 0.37±0.47 particles/m^(3)).Fibers/filaments and fragments were the main shapes of microplastics(71.6%)and the most abundant microplastic size class was<1.0 mm(42.4%).Significant differences in microplastic abundance were observed in different regions,with the lowest abundance in the South China Sea(0.03 particles/m^(3))and highest abundance in the seamount area in the western Pacific Ocean(0.58 particles/m^(3)).This study provides baseline data and insights into the fate and transportation of microplastics in the western Pacific region.
基金the framework of projects coded 97-20A and 9815 by the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (Ankara, Türkiye)
文摘In a re-examination of the Neogene stratigraphy of the Uşak,Güre,and Selendi basins of western Anatolia,western Turkey,the stratigraphic position of the previously definedİnay Group is revised,which was previously considered to be of the Middle Miocene age.Based on mammalian biochronology and stratigraphic relationships,two sequences are identified,separated by conformable/transitional contacts within the former group:the Middle Miocene Güre Group is composed of the FakılıFormation,characterized by alluvial fan deposits,and the lacustrine Derbent Formation.Radiometric dating of alkaline volcanics laterally associated with Güre Group sediments in the Uşak and Güre basins,and mammalian fossils re-evaluated into the MN5-6 biozones in the Selendi Basin,indicate early Middle Miocene.Considering the stratigraphic relationship with the overlying early Late Mioceneİnay Group as redefined,we estimate that the Güre Group was deposited in the Middle Miocene.Theİnay Group is characterized by a lateral-vertical transition from alluvial deposits of the Ahmetler Formation to the overlying lacustrine Ulubey Formation.An MN9-10 fauna,containing deinotheres,was found within the latter formation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171162National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42101158+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,No.2022QNRC001NSFC-INSF Joint Research Project,No.42261144670。
文摘Understanding past changes in surface vegetation cover is crucial for clarifying spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation,temperature,and humidity variations across Central Asia.In this study,we developed a tree-ring width index chronology for Juniperus excelsa in the western Alborz Mountains of Iran and examined its correlation with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI).Using this relationship,we reconstructed NDVI variations in this region since 1943.Our results indicate that both the tree-ring width index and NDVI from April to August exhibit strong correlations with precipitation from the previous December to the current May,as well as with the May Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI).The tree-ring width index is significantly and positively correlated with NDVI from April to August(R_(adj)^(2)=0.562,F=26.616,p<0.001),confirming its effectiveness in representing NDVI fluctuations during this period.The reconstructed NDVI series reveals more pronounced vegetation cover fluctuations since the 1990s compared to the 1940s-1980s.Notably,periods of low vegetation cover occurred in the late 20 th to early 21 st century,whereas high vegetation cover was observed in the early 2020s.Since 1943,key periods of relatively low vegetation cover include 1946-1955,1959-1973,1986-1989,1997-2002,and 2008-2015.The notably low vegetation cover from 1997 to 2002 coincides with a severe and persistent drought that has affected Central and South Asia since the 1940s.Our findings suggest that vegetation growth in the study area reflects both local climate variations and broader regional or global climate changes.By extending short-term NDVI records obtained via remote sensing,this study provides a long-term perspective on vegetation dynamics,enhancing our understanding of historical vegetation dynamics in Iran and their response to climate fluctuations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41930215)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)。
文摘Phase equilibrium modeling using internally consistent thermodynamic dataset and associated activity-composition(a-x)models are very helpful for quantifying P-T evolution for eclogite,which is the basis for deciphering the geodynamic processes in subduction zones.In this study,we apply different versions of datasets(ds55 and ds62)and associated a-x relations to a wellestablished LT-HP eclogite at Huwan in the classic western Dabie orogen to constrain its P-T evolution.The eclogite comprises garnet+omphacite+amphibole+white mica+epidote+quartz+chlorite+rutile/ilmenite/sphene.Garnet porphyroblasts show mono-variation in the end members(spessartine from 17 mol%to 0,pyrope from 2 mol%to 18 mol%,almandine from 47 mol%to 64mol%and grossular from 35 mol%to 18 mol%)from core to rim.Phase diagrams combined with compositional isopleth thermobarometry show that dataset ds62 and associated a-x relations yield P_(max)of~33 kbar at~560℃,conflicting with our petrological observations and previous studies.On the other hand,phase equilibrium modeling using dataset ds62 and a revised symmetric garnet a-x model irrespective of Fe^(3+)(O)gives P_(max)of~27 kbar at~560℃,consistent with the results using dataset ds55 and associated a-x relations.Therefore,we recommend a symmetric model for garnet involving py,alm,gr and spss,without Fe~(3+)components,instead of the asymmetric garnet a-x relations involving py,alm,gr,spss and kho by White et al.(2014),for calculating phase diagrams for LT-(U)HP eclogite when using dataset ds62.In this study,the defined P-T path is characterized by a segment of the prograde evolution showing a first moderate slope,followed by gentle then steep slopes,representing the thermal structure evolution recorded by slab surface during continental subduction.Our work combined with previous studies conclude that in western Dabie,the Huwan HP eclogite belt to the north and the Hong'an HP eclogite belt to the south belong to the same HP slice overlying the Xinxian UHP slice.
