针对高寒脆弱河流水环境容量受水文-生物地球化学耦合过程制约,缺乏量化研究的问题,以洮河部分河段为研究对象,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型模拟流域径流特征,结合WASP(Water Analysis Simulation Program)模型分析河...针对高寒脆弱河流水环境容量受水文-生物地球化学耦合过程制约,缺乏量化研究的问题,以洮河部分河段为研究对象,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型模拟流域径流特征,结合WASP(Water Analysis Simulation Program)模型分析河流水环境指标构建SWAT-WASP耦合水质模型,建立水环境容量定量计算框架,定量评估青藏高原东北缘高寒流域水环境容量时空分布特征.模型模拟结果与实测数据具有良好的一致性,在水流量、径流深等方面相关系数均达到0.6以上;Ⅰ类水质标准下BOD、TP和DO的年水环境容量分别为157.6、2.067和221.8t,而TN需放宽至Ⅳ类标准,年水环境容量为50.38t;对于BOD、TP和DO的水环境容量,空间维度显示上游为下游的9.9%~10.3%,时间维度显示1月(枯水期)为7月(丰水期)的10.1%~34.2%,分别凸显了高寒脆弱流域水动力条件和季节性水文驱动的主导作用,明确高寒脆弱流域可持续发展阈值;以TN为优先管控限制因子,提出时空协同分配策略,为高寒脆弱型水源区适应性水质管理提供科学依据.展开更多
WASP(Wallops Arc Second Pointer)是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)开发的一种临近空间天文台亚角秒级指向系统,旨在构建可适配多类科学载荷的临近空间天文观测平台.WASP系统由指向控制系统(PCS)和星跟踪器子系统(CARDS)组成,该系统结合...WASP(Wallops Arc Second Pointer)是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)开发的一种临近空间天文台亚角秒级指向系统,旨在构建可适配多类科学载荷的临近空间天文观测平台.WASP系统由指向控制系统(PCS)和星跟踪器子系统(CARDS)组成,该系统结合精密机械和电子组件,辅以超压气球技术,能在临近空间执行长时飞行任务,同时保持亚角秒级的指向精度.WASP系统的灵活性和标准化设计使其能够适配多种科学载荷,满足不同的任务需求.在空间科学领域,WASP系统的应用不仅拓宽了高空科学气球的研究范围,也为临近空间天文台的建设提供了创新方案,推动了对临近空间的探索.WASP系统的成功试飞和应用,为其在行星科学、天体物理学和地球观测等领域的应用奠定了基础,也为中国临近空间科学的发展提供了可靠的参考.展开更多
Four cynipid gall wasps belonging to three genera are reported with descriptions of their host plants and galls,i.e.,Belizinella vicina Kovalev,1965,Cerroneuroterus folimargo(Monzen,1954),C.monseni(Dettmer,1934)and Ne...Four cynipid gall wasps belonging to three genera are reported with descriptions of their host plants and galls,i.e.,Belizinella vicina Kovalev,1965,Cerroneuroterus folimargo(Monzen,1954),C.monseni(Dettmer,1934)and Neuroterus hakonensis Ashmead,1904.The genus Belizinella and three species,B.vicina,C.monseni and N.hakonensis,are recorded in China for the first time.The species B.vicina is redescribed for the missing or incongruent features from its original description.In addition,the gall host for Ufo rufiventris Wang,Guo,Wang,Pujade-Villar&Chen is also recorded here for the first time.展开更多
Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, dis...Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, disease transmission, and fitness and that social personality traits maybe linked to non-social personality traits. These relationships are important because behavioral syndromes, defined here as correlated behavioral phenotypes, can constrain evolutionary responses. However, the strength and direction of relationships between social and non-socialpersonality traits remain unclear. In this project, we examine social and non-social personality traits, and the relationships between them, in thepaper wasp Polistes fuscatus. With a novel assay, we identify 5 personality traits, 2 non-social (exploration and activity), and 3 social (aggression, affiliation, and antennation) personality traits. We also find that social and non-social personality traits are phenotypically linked. We find apositive correlation between aggression and activity and a negative correlation between affiliation and activity. We also find a positive correlation between exploration and activity. Our work is an important step in understanding how phenotypic linkage between social and non-socialbehaviors may influence behavioral evolution. As a burgeoning model system for the study of genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of socialbehavior, Polistes fuscatus has the potential to add to this work by exploring the causes and consequences of individual behavioral variation.展开更多
文摘针对高寒脆弱河流水环境容量受水文-生物地球化学耦合过程制约,缺乏量化研究的问题,以洮河部分河段为研究对象,基于SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)模型模拟流域径流特征,结合WASP(Water Analysis Simulation Program)模型分析河流水环境指标构建SWAT-WASP耦合水质模型,建立水环境容量定量计算框架,定量评估青藏高原东北缘高寒流域水环境容量时空分布特征.模型模拟结果与实测数据具有良好的一致性,在水流量、径流深等方面相关系数均达到0.6以上;Ⅰ类水质标准下BOD、TP和DO的年水环境容量分别为157.6、2.067和221.8t,而TN需放宽至Ⅳ类标准,年水环境容量为50.38t;对于BOD、TP和DO的水环境容量,空间维度显示上游为下游的9.9%~10.3%,时间维度显示1月(枯水期)为7月(丰水期)的10.1%~34.2%,分别凸显了高寒脆弱流域水动力条件和季节性水文驱动的主导作用,明确高寒脆弱流域可持续发展阈值;以TN为优先管控限制因子,提出时空协同分配策略,为高寒脆弱型水源区适应性水质管理提供科学依据.
文摘WASP(Wallops Arc Second Pointer)是由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)开发的一种临近空间天文台亚角秒级指向系统,旨在构建可适配多类科学载荷的临近空间天文观测平台.WASP系统由指向控制系统(PCS)和星跟踪器子系统(CARDS)组成,该系统结合精密机械和电子组件,辅以超压气球技术,能在临近空间执行长时飞行任务,同时保持亚角秒级的指向精度.WASP系统的灵活性和标准化设计使其能够适配多种科学载荷,满足不同的任务需求.在空间科学领域,WASP系统的应用不仅拓宽了高空科学气球的研究范围,也为临近空间天文台的建设提供了创新方案,推动了对临近空间的探索.WASP系统的成功试飞和应用,为其在行星科学、天体物理学和地球观测等领域的应用奠定了基础,也为中国临近空间科学的发展提供了可靠的参考.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31472032,31071970)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR14C040002)。
文摘Four cynipid gall wasps belonging to three genera are reported with descriptions of their host plants and galls,i.e.,Belizinella vicina Kovalev,1965,Cerroneuroterus folimargo(Monzen,1954),C.monseni(Dettmer,1934)and Neuroterus hakonensis Ashmead,1904.The genus Belizinella and three species,B.vicina,C.monseni and N.hakonensis,are recorded in China for the first time.The species B.vicina is redescribed for the missing or incongruent features from its original description.In addition,the gall host for Ufo rufiventris Wang,Guo,Wang,Pujade-Villar&Chen is also recorded here for the first time.
基金supported by the University of Michigan,National Geographic Society,and the National Science Foundation Grants IOS 1557564 and 2134910。
文摘Although much work has focused on non-social personality traits such as activity, exploration, and neophobia, there is a growing appreciationthat social personality traits play an important role in group dynamics, disease transmission, and fitness and that social personality traits maybe linked to non-social personality traits. These relationships are important because behavioral syndromes, defined here as correlated behavioral phenotypes, can constrain evolutionary responses. However, the strength and direction of relationships between social and non-socialpersonality traits remain unclear. In this project, we examine social and non-social personality traits, and the relationships between them, in thepaper wasp Polistes fuscatus. With a novel assay, we identify 5 personality traits, 2 non-social (exploration and activity), and 3 social (aggression, affiliation, and antennation) personality traits. We also find that social and non-social personality traits are phenotypically linked. We find apositive correlation between aggression and activity and a negative correlation between affiliation and activity. We also find a positive correlation between exploration and activity. Our work is an important step in understanding how phenotypic linkage between social and non-socialbehaviors may influence behavioral evolution. As a burgeoning model system for the study of genetic and neurobiological mechanisms of socialbehavior, Polistes fuscatus has the potential to add to this work by exploring the causes and consequences of individual behavioral variation.
