The discovery of the Tazhong-47 oilfield confirmed that it is realistic to explore oil and gas fields around igneous rocks in the Tarim basin. The favorable conditions for petroleum accumulation due to volcanic activ...The discovery of the Tazhong-47 oilfield confirmed that it is realistic to explore oil and gas fields around igneous rocks in the Tarim basin. The favorable conditions for petroleum accumulation due to volcanic activity and igneous rocks formed during the activity show in two aspects. A) The contact surface of igneous rocks and the surrounding sedimentary rocks, like a vertical unconformity surface, formed the conduit of petroleum migration. Petroleum would accumulate once it encountered a trap in which the reservoir had fine porosity and permeability. B) It formed a trap barriered by igneous rocks, or changed or cut the original trap. In addition, volcanic rocks are a kind of potential reservoir, there are many such examples in the world, and oil also shows in the Permian igneous rocks in well Zhong-1 on Tazhong uplift. Petroleum accumulation associated with volcanic activity will be a new exploring field in the Tarim basin.展开更多
In order to distinguish the filling effect and volcanic activity and explore the ways motivating the activity of rich-silicon iron ore tailing（IOT）, inert quartz was brought in as the correction standard, the influe...In order to distinguish the filling effect and volcanic activity and explore the ways motivating the activity of rich-silicon iron ore tailing（IOT）, inert quartz was brought in as the correction standard, the influences of fineness, calcination, thermal curing system and some other factors were investigated by IR, XRD, MIP, and so on microscopic methods. The experimental results show grinding and calcination can only change the amorphous state of SiO2, and IOT do not have volcanic activity in concrete cured under room temperature condition. Thermal curing systems can stimulate the activity of IOT, especially mortar cured by autoclave curing system can consume a large amount of Ca（OH）2 and hard calcium silicate and has a closer structure. When the specific surface area of IOT powder is 800 m^2/kg, and 30% cement is replaced by IOT powder, the mortar strength with IOT powder is even higher than that with cementonly.展开更多
Based on field outcrop data,the effects of cyclic change of astronomical orbit and volcanic activity on organic carbon accumulation during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian in the Upper Yangtze area were studied usin...Based on field outcrop data,the effects of cyclic change of astronomical orbit and volcanic activity on organic carbon accumulation during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian in the Upper Yangtze area were studied using cyclostratigraphic and geochemical methods.d13 C and chemical index of alteration(CIA)were used to filter the astronomical orbit parameters recorded in sediments.It is found that the climate change driven by orbital cycle controls the fluctuations of sea level at different scales,obliquity forcing climate changes drive thermohaline circulation(THC)of the ocean,and THC-induced bottom currents transport nutrient-laden water from high latitude regions to the surface water of low-latitude area.Hence,THC is the main dynamic mechanism of organic-carbon supply.The marine productivity indexes of Ba/Al and Ni/Al indicate that volcanic activities had limited effect on marine productivity but had great influences on organic carbon preservation efficiency in late Hirnantian(E4).Paleo-ocean redox environmental indicators Th/U,V/Cr and V/(V+Ni)show that there is a significant correlation between volcanism and oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,so it is inferred that volcanisms controlled the organic carbon preservation efficiency by regulating oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,and the difference in volcanism intensity in different areas is an important factor for the differential preservation efficiency of organic carbon.The organic carbon input driven by orbital cycle and the preservation efficiency affected by volcanisms worked together to control the enrichment of organic carbon in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region.展开更多
A piston core Z14-6 was used in this study. The core, 896 cm long, was collected from eastern slope of the Okinawa Trough （27°07＇N, 127°27＇E, water depth 739m）. The δ^18O and δ^13C values of the sedime...A piston core Z14-6 was used in this study. The core, 896 cm long, was collected from eastern slope of the Okinawa Trough （27°07＇N, 127°27＇E, water depth 739m）. The δ^18O and δ^13C values of the sediment bearing planktonic foraminifera G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei were determined; and the abundance of volcanic glass was analyzed. The volcanic glass content high occurred in early stage of polar ice-sheet growth period, or the beginning of cold climate periods corresponding to Milankovitch cycles （Peak Ⅰ, Ⅱ and V are corresponding to the beginnings of oxygen isotopic stages 2, 4 and 6, and Peak Ⅲ and Ⅳ are matching oxygen isotopic stage 5b-5d.）. It might be possible that volcanic episodes and climate changes were responding to orbital forcing in the Okinawa Trough in late Quaternary. The δ^18O difference between N. dutertrei and G. sacculifer shows no clear correlation to the volcanic glass content high, which suggests that the volcanic eruptions did not influence the structure of upper water column. However, the low δ^13C difference between G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei is coeval with the volcanic glass high or sub-high content. This fact suggests that volcanic eruptions might influence the reduction in vertical nutritional gradient and carbon cycle process in upper water column. A possible mechanism is that huge quantity of ash and dust had weakened the light intensity, resulting in photosynthesis reduction, productivity decrease, and biological pumping.展开更多
The mudstone,gray tuffite and carbonaceous shale in the Upper Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation(Bashan Formation)are essential source rocks for the volcanic reservoir in eastern Junggar,northwestern China.The ke...The mudstone,gray tuffite and carbonaceous shale in the Upper Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation(Bashan Formation)are essential source rocks for the volcanic reservoir in eastern Junggar,northwestern China.The kerogen components,vitrinite reflectance,Rock-Eval pyrolysis,lipid biomarkers and isotope compositions were measured to understand the provenance and depositional environment of Bashan Formation under the background of volcanic activities.There were 10 and 4 periods of volcanic eruptions identified in the wells CS and DZ,respectively.The source rocks developed in the late or intermittent phase of volcanic activity.The original island arcs of the Early Carboniferous evolved into the Wucaiwan sag and the Dishuiquan sag in the Bashan Formation.The Wucaiwan sag inherited the restricted,closed residual sea,which had a slightly anoxic and hypersaline environment.The Dishuiquan sag was generally an oxidizing lacustrine environment,influenced by a marine transgression that may have occurred at the end of the DZ_(Ⅲ)period during the Late Carboniferous.Although the total organic matter decreased due to the volcanic eruption,ash could cause an increase of aquatic organisms,coinciding with increases in salinity and reducibility in the Dishuiquan sag.展开更多
A group of A-Kr dating data of volcanic rocks in Taiwan Island is listed in thes paper, which clarifies the data of volcanic activity. And according to changes of plate movement in East Asia, a basic regularity of the...A group of A-Kr dating data of volcanic rocks in Taiwan Island is listed in thes paper, which clarifies the data of volcanic activity. And according to changes of plate movement in East Asia, a basic regularity of the volcanic activity in Taiwan can be obtainted, i.e. it is closely related with plate movement. The volcanic activity in Taiwan has always been moving about since Mesozoic, as the island lies in a special place of plate tectonic in East Asia, and the volcanic activity zone has changed with variations of plate motion. The paleo-Pacific plate launched a subduction toward the west in Cretaceous. Kula plate took a subduction toward the north from Cretaceous to Eogene. In Oligocene, the direction of the subduction of the Pacific plate changed from northward to westward. Taiwan Island has been the first to be affected by this change since Miocene Epoch. Therefore, volcanic activity occurs in the middle and the east of Taiwan Island. In addition, as the border of subduction moved eastward, the volcanic activity zone moves toward the east, too.Penglai movement in the period ranging from Tertiary to Quatemary is the most magnificent transformation in geological history of Taiwan. As the subduction movement of the Philippine Sea plate was replaced by the collision with Taiwan crust, the volcanic activity in the east of Taiwan Island ceased. Only the northem island and some offshore islands constitute a part of the Quatemary volcanic arc where the signs of volcanic activiy has been still displayed by now. However, the volcanic activity of the Penghu Island Group fell into the same category as that in Quatemary which was caused by the fracture activations in the eastem coast of China.展开更多
The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the ...The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.展开更多
A prevailing theory suggests that volcanic eruptions triggered environmental changes,which compelled dinosaurs to migrate in search of new habitats.Compelling evidence for this hypothesis has now been discovered in th...A prevailing theory suggests that volcanic eruptions triggered environmental changes,which compelled dinosaurs to migrate in search of new habitats.Compelling evidence for this hypothesis has now been discovered in the Tunxi Basin of eastern China.During the Late Mesozoic,the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath southeastern China led to multi-stage volcanic activity.The Tunxi Formation in the basin,the first reported Upper Jurassic volcanic unit in the eastern Jiangnan orogen.It overlies the stratum bearing the easternmost mamenchisaurids,which is the dominant Asian sauropod lineage.Geochemical analyses suggest its affinity with coeval magmatism in southeastern China,while new rhyolite zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 151.6±2.2 Ma,further indicating a transition from arc magmatism to back-arc extension driven by Paleo-Pacific subduction during the Late Jurassic.These studies also confirm that,as early as 156 Ma,the Tunxi Basin was already a key habitat for mamenchisaurids.The Late Jurassic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate caused extensive magmatism across eastern China.This intense tectonic shift likely induced abrupt environmental changes in relative basins.Severe volcanic activity drastically reduced the habitat of mamenchisaurids,prompting a northwestward and southward radiation trend-presents a coherent scene of volcanic eruptions,environmental catastrophe,and dinosaurs migrating.展开更多
The present experimental technique is used to study the image, crystal phase, pore structure and microstructure of artificial silica fume, and the experimental results show that artificial silica fume is a non-crystal...The present experimental technique is used to study the image, crystal phase, pore structure and microstructure of artificial silica fume, and the experimental results show that artificial silica fume is a non-crystalline and porous matter with a high specific surface area and the high activity of volcanic ash. Therefore, it is a type of ideal material which can replace silica fume. (Author abstract) 5 Refs.展开更多
The M_(W)6.9 thrust-faulting earthquake in Hawai'i on May 4,2018,occurred near the Kilauea shield volcano.We use 57-day-long continuous Global Positioning System(cGPS)data and 6-day-long semicontinuous GPS data to...The M_(W)6.9 thrust-faulting earthquake in Hawai'i on May 4,2018,occurred near the Kilauea shield volcano.We use 57-day-long continuous Global Positioning System(cGPS)data and 6-day-long semicontinuous GPS data to develop a detailed coseismic slip model,and investigate its impact on volcanic activity.Combining these data with published models,we reconstruct a planar,very shallow dipping geometry model for the 2018 Hawai'i earthquake.Our results show the released moment is about 4.05×10^(19) N·m(M_(W)7.0),with a peak slip of approximately 2.4 m at 4.0 km depth.Comparative analysis confirms that the coseismic model is sensitive to low-dip fault geometry rather than high-dip angle splay faults.Based on the Coulomb failure-stress model,we find the Hawai'i event exerts more positive stress on Kilauea than on Mauna Loa,and the mainshock decompresses the magma chambers of both volcanoes,potentially facilitating magma pathways and subsequent eruptions near the east rift zone(ERZ).The mainshock also adjusts the static stress field accumulated by interseismic creep,dike intrusion,and volcanic activity before the event.This study illustrates the physical correlation between earthquake sequences and volcanic events,providing insights into the seismogenic structure and stress perturbation patterns along the Hawai'i basal decollement fault.展开更多
Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for...Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.展开更多
Successive filtration and comparison show that the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the Northern Hemisphere （NH） in July continuously increases,which is associated to the increases in greenhouse gases...Successive filtration and comparison show that the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the Northern Hemisphere （NH） in July continuously increases,which is associated to the increases in greenhouse gases mostly CO2,volcanic activities,and solar activity,demonstrating the follows.（a） The increase in CO2 concentration is largely consistent with that of the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the NH in July.However,the increase in the air temperature is not in a linear pattern,during which several cooling events interrupt.The cooling events between late 1960s and late 1970s are remarkable ones and so is the one before mid 1990s.Analysis shows that these events are induced by volcanic activities and solar activity.（b） The CO2-free variation in the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the NH is consistent with that of the solar magnetic index.The wave crests and wave troughs of the two curves are consistent in phase,and the curve of solar magnetic index leads the other slightly.In other words,when the solar magnetic pole is southward,a warming in the NH stratosphere corresponds;and on the contrary,the northward solar magnetic pole corresponds to a cooling event.The variation in solar magnetic polarity strongly impacts the variation in the stratosphere temperature.展开更多
Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetic evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of ...Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetic evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre- senting the mafic end-member and felsic end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu- tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamic setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.展开更多
Volcanic eruption is one of the most serious geological disasters,however,a host of facts have proven that the Changbai Mountains volcano is a modern dormant one and has ever erupted disastrously. With the rapid devel...Volcanic eruption is one of the most serious geological disasters,however,a host of facts have proven that the Changbai Mountains volcano is a modern dormant one and has ever erupted disastrously. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology,space monitoring of volcanic activities has already become possible,particularly in the application of thermal infrared remote sensing. The paper,through the detailed analysis of geothermal anomaly factors such as heat radiation,heat conduction and convection,depicts the monitoring principles by which volcano activities would be monitored efficiently and effectively. Reasons for abrupt geothermal anomaly are mainly analyzed,and transmission mechanism of geothermal anomaly in the volcanic regions is explained. Also,a variety of noises disturbing the transmission of normal geothermal anomaly are presented. Finally,some clues are given based on discussing thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring mechanism toward the volcanic areas.展开更多
Based on sedimentary characteristics of the fine-grained rocks of the lower submember of second member of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation(K_(1)sh_(2)^(L))in the Lishu rift depression,combined with methods of or...Based on sedimentary characteristics of the fine-grained rocks of the lower submember of second member of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation(K_(1)sh_(2)^(L))in the Lishu rift depression,combined with methods of organic petrology,analysis of major and trace elements as well as biological marker compound,the enrichment conditions and enrichment model of organic matter in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in volcanic rift lacustrine basin are investigated.The change of sedimentary paleoenvironment controls the vertical distribution of different lithofacies types in the K_(1)sh_(2)^(L)and divides it into the upper and lower parts.The lower part contains massive siliceous mudstone with bioclast-bearing siliceous mudstone,whereas the upper part is mostly composed of laminated siliceous shale and laminated fine-grained mixed shale.The kerogen types of organic matter in the lower and upper parts are typesⅡ_(2)–Ⅲand typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1),respectively.The organic carbon content in the upper part is higher than that in the lower part generally.The enrichment of organic matter in volcanic rift lacustrine basin is subjected to three favorable conditions.First,continuous enhancement of rifting is the direct factor increasing the paleo-water depth,and the rise of base level leads to the expansion of deep-water mudstone/shale deposition range.Second,relatively strong underwater volcanic eruption and rifting are simultaneous,and such event can provide a lot of nutrients for the lake basin,which is conducive to the bloom of algae,resulting in higher productivity of typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1)kerogen.Third,the relatively dry paleoclimate leads to a decrease in input of fresh water and terrestrial materials,including TypeⅢkerogen from terrestrial higher plants,resulting in a water body with higher salinity and anoxic stratification,which is more favorable for preservation of organic matter.The organic matter enrichment model of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of volcanic rift lacustrine basin is established,which is of reference significance to the understanding of the organic matter enrichment mechanism of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Shahezi Formation in Songliao Basin and even in the northeast China.展开更多
Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soa...Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soares (2010) indicated increments of increased temperature precede increments of CO<sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2 </span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">increase. The remarkably strong negative correlation (r = -0.99) between the earth’s magnetic dipole moment values and global CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">-temperature indicators over the last ~30 years is sufficient to be considered causal if contributing energies were within the same order of magnitude. Quantitative convergence between the energies lost by the diminishing averaged geomagnetic field strength and energies gained within the ocean-atmosphere interface satisfy the measured values for increased global temperature and CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">release from sea water. The pivotal variable is the optimal temporal unit employed to estimate the total energies available for physical-chemical reactions. The positive drift in averaged amplitude of geomagnetic activity over the last 100 years augmented this process. Contributions from annual CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">from volcanism and shifts in averaged geomagnetic activity, lagged years before the measured global temperature-CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">values, are moderating variables for smaller amplitude perturbations. These results indicated that the increase in CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">and global temperatures are primarily caused by major geophysical factors, particularly the diminishing total geomagnetic field strength and increased geomagnetic activity, but not by human activities. Strategies for adapting to climate change because of these powerful variables may differ from those that assume exclusive anthropomorphic causes.</span>展开更多
Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soa...Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soares (2010) indicated increments of increased temperature precede increments of CO<sub>2 </sub>increase. The remarkably strong negative correlation (r = -0.99) between the earth’s magnetic dipole moment values and global CO<sub>2</sub>-temperature indicators over the last ~30 years is sufficient to be considered causal if contributing energies were within the same order of magnitude. Quantitative convergence between the energies lost by the diminishing averaged geomagnetic field strength and energies gained within the ocean-atmosphere interface satisfy the measured values for increased global temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> release from sea water. The pivotal variable is the optimal temporal unit employed to estimate the total energies available for physical-chemical reactions. The positive drift in averaged amplitude of geomagnetic activity over the last 100 years augmented this process. Contributions from annual CO<sub>2</sub> from volcanism and shifts in averaged geomagnetic activity, lagged years before the measured global temperature-CO<sub>2</sub> values, are moderating variables for smaller amplitude perturbations. These results indicated that the increase in CO<sub>2</sub> and global temperatures are primarily caused by major geophysical factors, particularly the diminishing total geomagnetic field strength and increased geomagnetic activity, but not by human activities. Strategies for adapting to climate change because of these powerful variables may differ from those that assume exclusive anthropomorphic causes.展开更多
Major elements and carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)have been measured in the waters of Changbaishan mountain,a volcanic area in northeastern China,between June and September 2016 to decipher the orig...Major elements and carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)have been measured in the waters of Changbaishan mountain,a volcanic area in northeastern China,between June and September 2016 to decipher the origin of the CO_2 involved in chemical weathering reactions.Spatial variations of major elements ratios measured in water samples can be explained by a change of the chemical composition of the volcanic rocks between the volcanic cone(trachytes)and the basaltic shield as evidenced by the variations in the composition of these rocks.Hence,DIC results from the neutralization of CO_2 by silicate rocks.DIC concentrations vary from 0.3 to 2.5 mmol/L and carbon isotopic compositions of DIC measured in rivers vary from-14.2‰to 3.5‰.At a first order,the DIC transported by rivers is derived from the chemical weathering’s consumption of CO_2 with a magmatic origin,enriched in^(13)C(-5%)and biogenic soil CO_2 with lower isotopic compositions.The highest δ^(13)C values likely result from C isotopes fractionation during CO_2 degassing in rivers.A mass balance based on carbon isotopes suggest that the contribution of magmatic CO_2 varied from less than 20%to more than 70%.Uncertainties in this calculation associated with CO_2 degassing in rivers are difficult to quantify,and the consequence of CO_2 degassing would be an overestimation of the contribution of DIC derived from the neutralization of magmatic CO_2 by silicate rocks.展开更多
EMSEV, Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquake and Volcanoes, set up in 2002, is a joint academic organization by multi-associations in IUGG （International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics）, including IAGA （Internatio...EMSEV, Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquake and Volcanoes, set up in 2002, is a joint academic organization by multi-associations in IUGG （International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics）, including IAGA （International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy）, IASPEI （International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth＇s Interior）, IAVCEI （International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth＇s Interior）.展开更多
On March 27,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)released the annual“Top 10 Science Advances of China”for the year 2024.Topping the list was a research that revealed volcanic activities occurring ab...On March 27,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)released the annual“Top 10 Science Advances of China”for the year 2024.Topping the list was a research that revealed volcanic activities occurring about 2.8 billion years ago on the far side of the Moon,based on samples returned by the Chang’e-6(CE-6)mission,the first successful effort to bring back samples from the lunar farside.展开更多
基金National Key Basic Research Project(973)一Formation and Distribution of Oil and Gas of Chinese Typical Coincidence Basins(G19990433).
文摘The discovery of the Tazhong-47 oilfield confirmed that it is realistic to explore oil and gas fields around igneous rocks in the Tarim basin. The favorable conditions for petroleum accumulation due to volcanic activity and igneous rocks formed during the activity show in two aspects. A) The contact surface of igneous rocks and the surrounding sedimentary rocks, like a vertical unconformity surface, formed the conduit of petroleum migration. Petroleum would accumulate once it encountered a trap in which the reservoir had fine porosity and permeability. B) It formed a trap barriered by igneous rocks, or changed or cut the original trap. In addition, volcanic rocks are a kind of potential reservoir, there are many such examples in the world, and oil also shows in the Permian igneous rocks in well Zhong-1 on Tazhong uplift. Petroleum accumulation associated with volcanic activity will be a new exploring field in the Tarim basin.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51372185)
文摘In order to distinguish the filling effect and volcanic activity and explore the ways motivating the activity of rich-silicon iron ore tailing（IOT）, inert quartz was brought in as the correction standard, the influences of fineness, calcination, thermal curing system and some other factors were investigated by IR, XRD, MIP, and so on microscopic methods. The experimental results show grinding and calcination can only change the amorphous state of SiO2, and IOT do not have volcanic activity in concrete cured under room temperature condition. Thermal curing systems can stimulate the activity of IOT, especially mortar cured by autoclave curing system can consume a large amount of Ca（OH）2 and hard calcium silicate and has a closer structure. When the specific surface area of IOT powder is 800 m^2/kg, and 30% cement is replaced by IOT powder, the mortar strength with IOT powder is even higher than that with cementonly.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX05063002-009)National Natural Science Foundation of China(4177021173,41972120)CNPC-Southwest Petroleum University Innovation Consortium Science and Technology Cooperation Project(2020CX020000)。
文摘Based on field outcrop data,the effects of cyclic change of astronomical orbit and volcanic activity on organic carbon accumulation during the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian in the Upper Yangtze area were studied using cyclostratigraphic and geochemical methods.d13 C and chemical index of alteration(CIA)were used to filter the astronomical orbit parameters recorded in sediments.It is found that the climate change driven by orbital cycle controls the fluctuations of sea level at different scales,obliquity forcing climate changes drive thermohaline circulation(THC)of the ocean,and THC-induced bottom currents transport nutrient-laden water from high latitude regions to the surface water of low-latitude area.Hence,THC is the main dynamic mechanism of organic-carbon supply.The marine productivity indexes of Ba/Al and Ni/Al indicate that volcanic activities had limited effect on marine productivity but had great influences on organic carbon preservation efficiency in late Hirnantian(E4).Paleo-ocean redox environmental indicators Th/U,V/Cr and V/(V+Ni)show that there is a significant correlation between volcanism and oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,so it is inferred that volcanisms controlled the organic carbon preservation efficiency by regulating oxygen content in Paleo-ocean,and the difference in volcanism intensity in different areas is an important factor for the differential preservation efficiency of organic carbon.The organic carbon input driven by orbital cycle and the preservation efficiency affected by volcanisms worked together to control the enrichment of organic carbon in the Middle–Upper Yangtze region.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program ofChinese Academy of Sciences (Project No. KZCX3-SW-220), NSFC (No.90411014 and 40176019) and the National Major Fundamental Researchand Development Project (No. G20000467).
文摘A piston core Z14-6 was used in this study. The core, 896 cm long, was collected from eastern slope of the Okinawa Trough （27°07＇N, 127°27＇E, water depth 739m）. The δ^18O and δ^13C values of the sediment bearing planktonic foraminifera G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei were determined; and the abundance of volcanic glass was analyzed. The volcanic glass content high occurred in early stage of polar ice-sheet growth period, or the beginning of cold climate periods corresponding to Milankovitch cycles （Peak Ⅰ, Ⅱ and V are corresponding to the beginnings of oxygen isotopic stages 2, 4 and 6, and Peak Ⅲ and Ⅳ are matching oxygen isotopic stage 5b-5d.）. It might be possible that volcanic episodes and climate changes were responding to orbital forcing in the Okinawa Trough in late Quaternary. The δ^18O difference between N. dutertrei and G. sacculifer shows no clear correlation to the volcanic glass content high, which suggests that the volcanic eruptions did not influence the structure of upper water column. However, the low δ^13C difference between G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei is coeval with the volcanic glass high or sub-high content. This fact suggests that volcanic eruptions might influence the reduction in vertical nutritional gradient and carbon cycle process in upper water column. A possible mechanism is that huge quantity of ash and dust had weakened the light intensity, resulting in photosynthesis reduction, productivity decrease, and biological pumping.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41503048,41872145)the Key Laboratory Project of Gansu Province(No.1309RTSA041)。
文摘The mudstone,gray tuffite and carbonaceous shale in the Upper Carboniferous Batamayineishan Formation(Bashan Formation)are essential source rocks for the volcanic reservoir in eastern Junggar,northwestern China.The kerogen components,vitrinite reflectance,Rock-Eval pyrolysis,lipid biomarkers and isotope compositions were measured to understand the provenance and depositional environment of Bashan Formation under the background of volcanic activities.There were 10 and 4 periods of volcanic eruptions identified in the wells CS and DZ,respectively.The source rocks developed in the late or intermittent phase of volcanic activity.The original island arcs of the Early Carboniferous evolved into the Wucaiwan sag and the Dishuiquan sag in the Bashan Formation.The Wucaiwan sag inherited the restricted,closed residual sea,which had a slightly anoxic and hypersaline environment.The Dishuiquan sag was generally an oxidizing lacustrine environment,influenced by a marine transgression that may have occurred at the end of the DZ_(Ⅲ)period during the Late Carboniferous.Although the total organic matter decreased due to the volcanic eruption,ash could cause an increase of aquatic organisms,coinciding with increases in salinity and reducibility in the Dishuiquan sag.
文摘A group of A-Kr dating data of volcanic rocks in Taiwan Island is listed in thes paper, which clarifies the data of volcanic activity. And according to changes of plate movement in East Asia, a basic regularity of the volcanic activity in Taiwan can be obtainted, i.e. it is closely related with plate movement. The volcanic activity in Taiwan has always been moving about since Mesozoic, as the island lies in a special place of plate tectonic in East Asia, and the volcanic activity zone has changed with variations of plate motion. The paleo-Pacific plate launched a subduction toward the west in Cretaceous. Kula plate took a subduction toward the north from Cretaceous to Eogene. In Oligocene, the direction of the subduction of the Pacific plate changed from northward to westward. Taiwan Island has been the first to be affected by this change since Miocene Epoch. Therefore, volcanic activity occurs in the middle and the east of Taiwan Island. In addition, as the border of subduction moved eastward, the volcanic activity zone moves toward the east, too.Penglai movement in the period ranging from Tertiary to Quatemary is the most magnificent transformation in geological history of Taiwan. As the subduction movement of the Philippine Sea plate was replaced by the collision with Taiwan crust, the volcanic activity in the east of Taiwan Island ceased. Only the northem island and some offshore islands constitute a part of the Quatemary volcanic arc where the signs of volcanic activiy has been still displayed by now. However, the volcanic activity of the Penghu Island Group fell into the same category as that in Quatemary which was caused by the fracture activations in the eastem coast of China.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2442210 and 42275059)supported by funding from Chengdu University of Information Technology(Grant No.X202310621039).
文摘The January 2022 eruption of Hunga injected unprecedented volumes of water vapor(150 Tg)and modest sulfur dioxide(SO_(2))into the stratosphere,producing accelerated sulfate aerosol formation in the early plume.As the aerosols gradually spread into the global stratosphere,the role of water vapor,among other factors in the spread and residence time of the sulfate aerosols,remained unclear.We used multisatellite observations to better understand the role of water vapor in the spread and lifetime of Hunga volcanic aerosols.Stratospheric circulation transported the plumes to~26 km within the polar vortices-the Antarctic by August 2022 and the Arctic by January 2023-with the arrival of aerosols lagging behind that of water vapor by months.Even though high injection altitudes(58 km)and strong Brewer-Dobson circulation contributed to prolonging the residence time of aerosols,the water vapor enhanced particle growth and thus accelerated gravitational settling,with the half lifetime of aerosols being 14 months.Our analysis revealed a critical trade-off:after the eruption of the Hunga volcano,an extremely high injection height and strong upward motion slowed the removal of aerosols,but extreme water vapor loading still had a certain impact on the half lifetime of the aerosols.These findings highlight the role of water vapor in the persistence of aerosols from submarine eruptions.
基金supported by the China Geological Survey(DD20230221)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42102018)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB26000000).
文摘A prevailing theory suggests that volcanic eruptions triggered environmental changes,which compelled dinosaurs to migrate in search of new habitats.Compelling evidence for this hypothesis has now been discovered in the Tunxi Basin of eastern China.During the Late Mesozoic,the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath southeastern China led to multi-stage volcanic activity.The Tunxi Formation in the basin,the first reported Upper Jurassic volcanic unit in the eastern Jiangnan orogen.It overlies the stratum bearing the easternmost mamenchisaurids,which is the dominant Asian sauropod lineage.Geochemical analyses suggest its affinity with coeval magmatism in southeastern China,while new rhyolite zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 151.6±2.2 Ma,further indicating a transition from arc magmatism to back-arc extension driven by Paleo-Pacific subduction during the Late Jurassic.These studies also confirm that,as early as 156 Ma,the Tunxi Basin was already a key habitat for mamenchisaurids.The Late Jurassic subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate caused extensive magmatism across eastern China.This intense tectonic shift likely induced abrupt environmental changes in relative basins.Severe volcanic activity drastically reduced the habitat of mamenchisaurids,prompting a northwestward and southward radiation trend-presents a coherent scene of volcanic eruptions,environmental catastrophe,and dinosaurs migrating.
文摘The present experimental technique is used to study the image, crystal phase, pore structure and microstructure of artificial silica fume, and the experimental results show that artificial silica fume is a non-crystalline and porous matter with a high specific surface area and the high activity of volcanic ash. Therefore, it is a type of ideal material which can replace silica fume. (Author abstract) 5 Refs.
基金funded by the Institute of Earthquake Forecasting Funded Projects of the China Earthquake Administration(CEAIEF20240214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171429).
文摘The M_(W)6.9 thrust-faulting earthquake in Hawai'i on May 4,2018,occurred near the Kilauea shield volcano.We use 57-day-long continuous Global Positioning System(cGPS)data and 6-day-long semicontinuous GPS data to develop a detailed coseismic slip model,and investigate its impact on volcanic activity.Combining these data with published models,we reconstruct a planar,very shallow dipping geometry model for the 2018 Hawai'i earthquake.Our results show the released moment is about 4.05×10^(19) N·m(M_(W)7.0),with a peak slip of approximately 2.4 m at 4.0 km depth.Comparative analysis confirms that the coseismic model is sensitive to low-dip fault geometry rather than high-dip angle splay faults.Based on the Coulomb failure-stress model,we find the Hawai'i event exerts more positive stress on Kilauea than on Mauna Loa,and the mainshock decompresses the magma chambers of both volcanoes,potentially facilitating magma pathways and subsequent eruptions near the east rift zone(ERZ).The mainshock also adjusts the static stress field accumulated by interseismic creep,dike intrusion,and volcanic activity before the event.This study illustrates the physical correlation between earthquake sequences and volcanic events,providing insights into the seismogenic structure and stress perturbation patterns along the Hawai'i basal decollement fault.
基金supported by Special Projects in Universities’Key Fields of Guangdong Province(No.2023ZDZX3017)the 2022 Tertiary Education Scientific Research Project of Guangzhou Municipal Education Bureau(No.202234607)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2025A1515012983)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371059 and 52101358).
文摘Situated in the southwestern Pacific,the Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone is separated into two parts by the Louisvlle Ridge Seamount Chain(LRSC),i.e.,the Tanga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.Known for its vigorous volcanic activity,frequent large earthquakes,rapid plate subduction,and distinctive subducting plate morphology,this subduction zone provides valuable insights into its structures,dynamics,and associated geohazards.This study compiles geological and geophysical datasets in this region,including seismicity,focal mechanisms,seismic reflection and refraction profiles,and seismic tomography,to understand the relationship between lithospheric structures of the subduction system and associated seismicity-volcanic activities.Our analysis suggests that variations in overlying sediment thickness,subduction rate,and subduction angle significantly influence the lithospheric deformation processes within the Tonga-Kermadec subduction system.Furthermore,these factors contribute to the notable differences in seismicity and volcanism observed between the Tonga subduction zone and the Kermadec subduction zone.This study enhances our understanding of plate tectonics by providing insights into the interplay between subduction dynamics and lithospheric deformation,which are crucial for analyzing geological and geophysical behaviors in similar subduction environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40875041,40631006,40975038)
文摘Successive filtration and comparison show that the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the Northern Hemisphere （NH） in July continuously increases,which is associated to the increases in greenhouse gases mostly CO2,volcanic activities,and solar activity,demonstrating the follows.（a） The increase in CO2 concentration is largely consistent with that of the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the NH in July.However,the increase in the air temperature is not in a linear pattern,during which several cooling events interrupt.The cooling events between late 1960s and late 1970s are remarkable ones and so is the one before mid 1990s.Analysis shows that these events are induced by volcanic activities and solar activity.（b） The CO2-free variation in the stratosphere air temperature in 10 hPa-layer of the NH is consistent with that of the solar magnetic index.The wave crests and wave troughs of the two curves are consistent in phase,and the curve of solar magnetic index leads the other slightly.In other words,when the solar magnetic pole is southward,a warming in the NH stratosphere corresponds;and on the contrary,the northward solar magnetic pole corresponds to a cooling event.The variation in solar magnetic polarity strongly impacts the variation in the stratosphere temperature.
文摘Volcanic detrital sediments are a unique indicator for reconstructing the petrogenetic evolution of submarine volcanic terrains. Volcanic ash in surficial sediments around the Zhongsha Islands includes three kinds of volcanogenic detritus, i.e., brown volcanic glass, colorless volcanic glass and volcanic scoria. The major element characteristics show that bimodal volcanic activity may have taken place in the northern margin of the South China Sea, with brown volcanic glass and colorless volcanic glass repre- senting the mafic end-member and felsic end-member, respectively. Fractional crystallization is the main process for magma evolu- tion. The nature of the volcanic activity implies that the origin of volcanic activity was related to extensional tectonic settings, which is corresponding to an extensional geodynamic setting in the Xisha Trench, and supports the notion, which is based on geophysical data and petrology, that there may exist a mantle plume around the Hainan Island.
文摘Volcanic eruption is one of the most serious geological disasters,however,a host of facts have proven that the Changbai Mountains volcano is a modern dormant one and has ever erupted disastrously. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology,space monitoring of volcanic activities has already become possible,particularly in the application of thermal infrared remote sensing. The paper,through the detailed analysis of geothermal anomaly factors such as heat radiation,heat conduction and convection,depicts the monitoring principles by which volcano activities would be monitored efficiently and effectively. Reasons for abrupt geothermal anomaly are mainly analyzed,and transmission mechanism of geothermal anomaly in the volcanic regions is explained. Also,a variety of noises disturbing the transmission of normal geothermal anomaly are presented. Finally,some clues are given based on discussing thermal infrared remote sensing monitoring mechanism toward the volcanic areas.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(2017ZX05009-002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41772090)。
文摘Based on sedimentary characteristics of the fine-grained rocks of the lower submember of second member of the Lower Cretaceous Shahezi Formation(K_(1)sh_(2)^(L))in the Lishu rift depression,combined with methods of organic petrology,analysis of major and trace elements as well as biological marker compound,the enrichment conditions and enrichment model of organic matter in the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in volcanic rift lacustrine basin are investigated.The change of sedimentary paleoenvironment controls the vertical distribution of different lithofacies types in the K_(1)sh_(2)^(L)and divides it into the upper and lower parts.The lower part contains massive siliceous mudstone with bioclast-bearing siliceous mudstone,whereas the upper part is mostly composed of laminated siliceous shale and laminated fine-grained mixed shale.The kerogen types of organic matter in the lower and upper parts are typesⅡ_(2)–Ⅲand typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1),respectively.The organic carbon content in the upper part is higher than that in the lower part generally.The enrichment of organic matter in volcanic rift lacustrine basin is subjected to three favorable conditions.First,continuous enhancement of rifting is the direct factor increasing the paleo-water depth,and the rise of base level leads to the expansion of deep-water mudstone/shale deposition range.Second,relatively strong underwater volcanic eruption and rifting are simultaneous,and such event can provide a lot of nutrients for the lake basin,which is conducive to the bloom of algae,resulting in higher productivity of typesⅠ–Ⅱ_(1)kerogen.Third,the relatively dry paleoclimate leads to a decrease in input of fresh water and terrestrial materials,including TypeⅢkerogen from terrestrial higher plants,resulting in a water body with higher salinity and anoxic stratification,which is more favorable for preservation of organic matter.The organic matter enrichment model of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of volcanic rift lacustrine basin is established,which is of reference significance to the understanding of the organic matter enrichment mechanism of fine-grained sedimentary rocks of Shahezi Formation in Songliao Basin and even in the northeast China.
文摘Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soares (2010) indicated increments of increased temperature precede increments of CO<sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2 </span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">increase. The remarkably strong negative correlation (r = -0.99) between the earth’s magnetic dipole moment values and global CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">-temperature indicators over the last ~30 years is sufficient to be considered causal if contributing energies were within the same order of magnitude. Quantitative convergence between the energies lost by the diminishing averaged geomagnetic field strength and energies gained within the ocean-atmosphere interface satisfy the measured values for increased global temperature and CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">release from sea water. The pivotal variable is the optimal temporal unit employed to estimate the total energies available for physical-chemical reactions. The positive drift in averaged amplitude of geomagnetic activity over the last 100 years augmented this process. Contributions from annual CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">from volcanism and shifts in averaged geomagnetic activity, lagged years before the measured global temperature-CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">values, are moderating variables for smaller amplitude perturbations. These results indicated that the increase in CO</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">and global temperatures are primarily caused by major geophysical factors, particularly the diminishing total geomagnetic field strength and increased geomagnetic activity, but not by human activities. Strategies for adapting to climate change because of these powerful variables may differ from those that assume exclusive anthropomorphic causes.</span>
文摘Quantitative analyses of actual measurements rather than modeling have shown that “global warming” has been heterogeneous over the surface of the planet and temporally non-linear. Residual regression analyses by Soares (2010) indicated increments of increased temperature precede increments of CO<sub>2 </sub>increase. The remarkably strong negative correlation (r = -0.99) between the earth’s magnetic dipole moment values and global CO<sub>2</sub>-temperature indicators over the last ~30 years is sufficient to be considered causal if contributing energies were within the same order of magnitude. Quantitative convergence between the energies lost by the diminishing averaged geomagnetic field strength and energies gained within the ocean-atmosphere interface satisfy the measured values for increased global temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> release from sea water. The pivotal variable is the optimal temporal unit employed to estimate the total energies available for physical-chemical reactions. The positive drift in averaged amplitude of geomagnetic activity over the last 100 years augmented this process. Contributions from annual CO<sub>2</sub> from volcanism and shifts in averaged geomagnetic activity, lagged years before the measured global temperature-CO<sub>2</sub> values, are moderating variables for smaller amplitude perturbations. These results indicated that the increase in CO<sub>2</sub> and global temperatures are primarily caused by major geophysical factors, particularly the diminishing total geomagnetic field strength and increased geomagnetic activity, but not by human activities. Strategies for adapting to climate change because of these powerful variables may differ from those that assume exclusive anthropomorphic causes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through Grant No.41473023
文摘Major elements and carbon isotopes of dissolved inorganic carbon(DIC)have been measured in the waters of Changbaishan mountain,a volcanic area in northeastern China,between June and September 2016 to decipher the origin of the CO_2 involved in chemical weathering reactions.Spatial variations of major elements ratios measured in water samples can be explained by a change of the chemical composition of the volcanic rocks between the volcanic cone(trachytes)and the basaltic shield as evidenced by the variations in the composition of these rocks.Hence,DIC results from the neutralization of CO_2 by silicate rocks.DIC concentrations vary from 0.3 to 2.5 mmol/L and carbon isotopic compositions of DIC measured in rivers vary from-14.2‰to 3.5‰.At a first order,the DIC transported by rivers is derived from the chemical weathering’s consumption of CO_2 with a magmatic origin,enriched in^(13)C(-5%)and biogenic soil CO_2 with lower isotopic compositions.The highest δ^(13)C values likely result from C isotopes fractionation during CO_2 degassing in rivers.A mass balance based on carbon isotopes suggest that the contribution of magmatic CO_2 varied from less than 20%to more than 70%.Uncertainties in this calculation associated with CO_2 degassing in rivers are difficult to quantify,and the consequence of CO_2 degassing would be an overestimation of the contribution of DIC derived from the neutralization of magmatic CO_2 by silicate rocks.
文摘EMSEV, Electromagnetic Studies of Earthquake and Volcanoes, set up in 2002, is a joint academic organization by multi-associations in IUGG （International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics）, including IAGA （International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy）, IASPEI （International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth＇s Interior）, IAVCEI （International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth＇s Interior）.
文摘On March 27,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)released the annual“Top 10 Science Advances of China”for the year 2024.Topping the list was a research that revealed volcanic activities occurring about 2.8 billion years ago on the far side of the Moon,based on samples returned by the Chang’e-6(CE-6)mission,the first successful effort to bring back samples from the lunar farside.
