The effects of single dose of PGE2 combined with vitamin E and with estradiol on experimental atherosclerosis were studied by means of morphological, ultrastructural, autoradiographic and several functional techniques...The effects of single dose of PGE2 combined with vitamin E and with estradiol on experimental atherosclerosis were studied by means of morphological, ultrastructural, autoradiographic and several functional techniques. The results showed that two combined treatment groups had more coordinative inhibition on aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions, as well as on platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation than that of single dose of PGE2. It was revealed that the coordinative mechanism might be closely related to the synergistic inhibitory function of above-metioned drugs on endothelial permeability, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation.展开更多
By means of polym erase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFL P) assay,the association between vitamine D receptor (VDR) genotypes and bone min- eral density (BMD) in the patients receiv...By means of polym erase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFL P) assay,the association between vitamine D receptor (VDR) genotypes and bone min- eral density (BMD) in the patients receiving long- term glucocorticoid therapy was studied.The clinical data and blood of71patients with rheumatosis who received long- term glucocorticoid ther- apy were collected.BMD was m easured by dual- energy X- ray absorptimometry.VDR gene frag- ment(about185 bp) was amplified by PCR from the extracted genomic DNA,then digested with restriction endonuclease Bsm I.The genotypes were evaluated based on the fragment length fol- lowing endonuclease digestion and the association between genotypes and BMD or Z- score values was analyzed.Among the 71cases,the detected genotypes were Bb and bb with the distribution frequency being 11.3% and 88.7% respectively.The distribution frequency of the alleles was in agreement with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.There was no significant difference between the two genotypes in age,gender,body m ass index(BMI) ,disease duration,disease types,time of glucocorticoid administration and cumulative dosage(P>0 .0 5 ) .Osteoporosis rate of the patients with Bb or bb genotype was37.5 % and33.3% respectively,with the difference being notsignif- icant (χ2 =0 .0 5 ,P=0 .8) .The BMD and Z- score values at lumbar spine and femur in two geno- types were not similar,but the difference had no significant (P>0 .0 5 ) .The distribution frequen- cy of bb type of VDR genotypes in Han populations of China was m ore prevalent,followed by Bb and bb types in turn.In the patients receiving long- term glucocorticoid therapy,there was no sig- nificant difference in BMD between Bb and bb genotypes.The data suggest that the VDR geno- types may not be m eans of identifying patients at greater risk of glucocorticoid- induced osteoporo- sis,which await to be further confirmed by a large sample size.展开更多
Since the latter half of 1996, we have used vitamine K blocking at Changqiang (GV 1) for relieving the postoperative pain of anal fissure with satisfactory results. A report follows.……
In this editorial,we have commented on the article that has been published in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors have described a case of unilateral thyroid cyst and have opined that the a...In this editorial,we have commented on the article that has been published in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors have described a case of unilateral thyroid cyst and have opined that the acute onset of infection may be linked to diabetes mellitus(DM).We have focused on the role of nutrition in the association between DM and infection.Patients with DM are at a high risk of infection,which could also be attributed to nutrition-related factors.Nutritional interventions for patients with diabetes are mainly based on a low-calorie diet,which can be achieved by adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet.However,dietary fiber supplementation is recommended to maintain the diversity of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,high-quality protein can prevent the increased risk of infection due to malnutrition.Supplementation of vitamins C,vitamins A,vitamins D,and folic acid improves blood sugar control and facilitates immune regulation.Mineral deficiencies augment the risk of infection,but the relationship with diabetes is mostly U-shaped and a good intake should be maintained.展开更多
Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of wh...Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of whole foods is the primary source of micronutrients;supplementation is sometimes necessary.Both deficiency and excess of these nutrients have adverse effects.Common deficiencies include iron,folate,iodine,zinc,and vitamin A,which can present clinically as a syndrome.Micronutrient deficiencies(MNDs)are common contributors to intellectual impairments,poor growth,perinatal complications,and increased risk for morbidity and mortality.Excess of a select few of these nutrients can result in conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and diarrhea.Interventions,including supplementation,fortification,and biofortification,can help combat MNDs.This article reviews some common micronutrient imbalances,their clinical manifestations,and treatment interventions.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging eviden...Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging evidence reveals a multifactorial pathophysiology,including sequestration of vitamin D in adipose tissue,altered hepatic metabolism,diminished bioavailability,and inflammationinduced resistance at the tissue level.These mechanisms contribute to a functional deficiency,wherein serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may remain suboptimal despite adequate intake or sun exposure.Obesity-related alterations in vitamin Dbinding proteins,receptor expression,and pro-inflammatory signaling further compromise biological activity.Current diagnostic criteria and supplementation guidelines do not fully reflect these physiological complexities,leading to underdiagnosis and insufficient treatment.Personalized approaches-incorporating higher,body composition-adjusted dosing and consideration of inflammatory status-are emerging as promising strategies to restore sufficiency and improve metabolic outcomes.While preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of high-dose supplementation in this population,pediatric-specific clinical trials are lacking.This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in pediatric obesity and emphasizes the need for individualized,evidence-based interventions to optimize vitamin D status and overall health.展开更多
The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored e...The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturat...Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturation—has been increasingly implicated in the development of atopic diseases.While extensively studied in asthma,its role in non-respiratory allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis(AD)and allergic rhinitis(AR)remains comparatively underexplored.This minireview synthesizes current mechanistic and clinical evidence on vitamin D in pediatric AD and AR.In AD,vitamin D promotes epidermal barrier function through upregulation of filaggrin and ceramide synthesis,and enhances antimicrobial defense via induction of antimicrobial peptides.Observational studies consistently report lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in affected children,particularly those with allergic sensitization.Select randomized controlled trials suggest clinical improvement with supplementation,especially at doses>2000 IU/day in deficient individuals.In AR,epidemiological data indicate stronger inverse associations with seasonal(pollen-induced)disease.Proposed mechanisms include modulation of dendritic cells,regulatory T cells,T helper 2 cytokines,and mucosal barrier integrity.The shared immunopathogenesis of AD and AR underscores vitamin D’s relevance.Although promising,clinical evidence remains heterogeneous.Future research should prioritize phenotype-stratified trials to clarify optimal dosing,timing,and individual response determinants,including genetics and microbiome composition.展开更多
Pumpkin was used as vegetables.They are used popularly in the meals or making drinks because pumpkin contains vitamins,fiber,mineral,protein,glucose and lipid.Besides,pumpkin is not only nourishing,but also is preciou...Pumpkin was used as vegetables.They are used popularly in the meals or making drinks because pumpkin contains vitamins,fiber,mineral,protein,glucose and lipid.Besides,pumpkin is not only nourishing,but also is precious drugs to cure diseases.In this article,we analyzed some ingredients including heavy metals and NO3-in soil,water and pumpkin samples from households in Loc Thanh Village,Bao Lam District,Lam Dong Province(pumpkin of households grown by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides).These samples showed that some heavy metals such as Cu(Copper),Pb(Plumb),Cd(Cadmium)and As(Arsen)exceeded the allowable limits.However,the pumpkin samples that we grew by using organic fertilizers showed a significant reduction in heavy metal content,within the safety limit according to Vietnamese standards.Thus,the using organic farming methods has resulted in better quality products than using chemical fertilizers and pesticides.展开更多
The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,...The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vit...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via the vitamin D receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling pathway.This letter critically appraises these findings,comparing them to similar studies,and discusses their potential implications for treating NAFLD.Furthermore,we highlight future directions,including dose optimization and mechanistic studies.展开更多
Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains...Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.展开更多
Hepatic osteodystrophy(HO)is a common and frequently untreated complica-tion,manifested as osteoporosis or osteopenia,encountered in the evolution of chronic liver diseases(CLD).In addition to patients with chronic ch...Hepatic osteodystrophy(HO)is a common and frequently untreated complica-tion,manifested as osteoporosis or osteopenia,encountered in the evolution of chronic liver diseases(CLD).In addition to patients with chronic cholestasis and cirrhosis,patients with CLD from other etiologies may be affected.Several studies have reported an increased prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia in patients with CLD.The pathogenesis varies according to etiology and is multifactorial,involving genetic factors,vitamin deficiencies,proinflammatory cytokines,hypo-gonadism,hyperbilirubinemia,antiviral therapy,corticosteroids,and lifestyle fa-ctors.The approach to management should include individualized assessment for fracture risk factors and bone mineral density.Prevention of osteoporosis in CLD relies on the mitigation of risk factors,treatment of underlying hypogonadism,and encouraging a healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise.Treatment trials specific to HO are small,and the primary medical intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis in CLD remains bisphosphonates although the benefit in fracture reduction has not consistently been shown.Further research is necessary to better define the management and specific treatment of HO for the prevention of fragility fractures and to improve the quality of life.This article provides an updated review of HO covering all these aspects.展开更多
Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this st...Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this study,we developed an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography variable wavelength detector(UPLCvwd)method for quantifying vitamin E content in peanut seeds,capable of detecting four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.Compared to traditional methods,this approach is simpler,more efficient,and highly accurate.By comparing two sample preparation techniques,it was found that slicing better reflects the true vitamin E content than grinding,as it minimizes losses caused by mechanical pressure.The method demonstrated robust stability and accuracy in both repeatability tests and spiked recovery tests,showing no significant differences compared to the national standard method.The study revealed that the cotyledons of peanuts are the primary storage site for vitamin E,being rich inγ-andα-tocopherols,which together account for over 90% of the total vitamin E content.In contrast,the vitamin E content in the seed coat is considerably lower.Therefore,the optimized detection method minimizes seed coat interference during sample preparation,ensuring the accuracy of the results.In summary,the UPLC-vwd method developed in this study is a promising tool for determining vitamin E content and supports the improvement of peanut quality.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney disease...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney diseases,hypoparathyroidism,and autoimmune diseases.Nevertheless,these studies were conducted only in adults and among individuals with underlying medical conditions.Adolescence is at a unique stage of growth,where nutritional deficiencies may have profound implications on their future health.Thus,there is an urgent need to conduct research on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on adolescent health.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia(FHBL)is a semi-autosomal disorder that is caused mainly by an APOB variant.It is usually asymptomatic and rarely leads to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).CA...BACKGROUND Heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia(FHBL)is a semi-autosomal disorder that is caused mainly by an APOB variant.It is usually asymptomatic and rarely leads to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old boy was referred to our hospital after prolonged elevation of liver enzymes was observed during health checkups in Kagawa Prefecture.Abdominal ultrasound showed a bright liver,and laboratory investigations revealed low lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B protein levels.His family history included fatty liver and hypolipidemia in his father,which led to a clinical diagnosis of FHBL.A liver biopsy was performed on suspicion of liver fibrosis based on biomarkers.The liver tissue showed fatty steatosis,inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,and fibrosis,indicating NASH.Genetic testing detected the APOB variant,and the patient was treated successfully with vitamin E.CONCLUSION It is important to assess family history and liver dysfunction severity in non-obese patients with hypolipidemia and fatty liver.展开更多
Liposomal drugs have significantly improved cancer treatment in recent years.However,the clinical application of conventional liposomes is limited by factors such as the complexity of the preparation process and the m...Liposomal drugs have significantly improved cancer treatment in recent years.However,the clinical application of conventional liposomes is limited by factors such as the complexity of the preparation process and the multitude of auxiliary components.By replacing phospholipids and cholesterol with vitamin E succinate(VES),this study addresses these shortcomings by developing a novel modified nanoprodrug,and the new formulation is used to deliver cisplatin.Concurrently,liposomes encapsulating cisplatin were prepared by conventional formulations for comparative experiments.Moreover,VES can inhibit the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),further enhancing mitochondrial damage in tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME)and suppressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle,thereby reducing ATP production.Additionally,cisplatin damages DNA structure,affecting the binding of Nrf2 to the antioxidant response element(ARE),thereby inhibiting the signaling expression of heme oxygenase1(HO-1).The combined action of cisplatin and VES disrupts the redox balanceleading to a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The nanoprodrug effectively alters the redox state of the TME and inhibits antioxidant defenses,thereby amplifying oxidative stress damage and enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin.Notably,compared to free cisplatin,the nanoprodrug demonstrates greater efficacy in both cell line-derived xenograft(CDX)and patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)liver cancer models.Overall,this study successfully develops a novel mitochondrial-targeted nanoprodrug by modifying the conventional liposome formulation.This provides a new strategy for amplifying oxidative stress in order to disrupt redox balance,and enhance cisplatin efficacy.展开更多
Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates...Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in indigenous medicinal plants,such as Solanum torvum,Solanum nigrum,Solanum xanthocarpum,Psoralea cordifolia,Cissus quadrangularis,and the resin Commiphora mukul,and Laccifer lacca.Methods:Vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) compounds were detected and quantified using advanced reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.A refined technique for sample preparation was employed,which involved an overnight cold saponification process.This method was used to enhance the extraction of vitamin D molecules.The accuracy and reliability of the HPLC method were validated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS analysis.Results:The investigation revealed the remarkable presence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in the chosen plant specimens.Significant amounts of vitamin D_(2) were found in Laccifer lacca and Psoralea cordifolia,however,vitamin D_(3) was only detected in Cissus quadrangularis and Solanum xanthocarpum.The revised approaches exhibited significant precision and accuracy,hence enhancing the reliability of the findings.Conclusion:The identification of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in these plants underscores their historical therapeutic significance for supporting bone health and indicates their potential as beneficial natural sources of vitamin D.This research advances understanding of the phytochemical features of these plants,facilitating future development of nutraceuticals and therapeutic applications.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants form the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effects of single dose of PGE2 combined with vitamin E and with estradiol on experimental atherosclerosis were studied by means of morphological, ultrastructural, autoradiographic and several functional techniques. The results showed that two combined treatment groups had more coordinative inhibition on aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions, as well as on platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation than that of single dose of PGE2. It was revealed that the coordinative mechanism might be closely related to the synergistic inhibitory function of above-metioned drugs on endothelial permeability, platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation.
文摘By means of polym erase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFL P) assay,the association between vitamine D receptor (VDR) genotypes and bone min- eral density (BMD) in the patients receiving long- term glucocorticoid therapy was studied.The clinical data and blood of71patients with rheumatosis who received long- term glucocorticoid ther- apy were collected.BMD was m easured by dual- energy X- ray absorptimometry.VDR gene frag- ment(about185 bp) was amplified by PCR from the extracted genomic DNA,then digested with restriction endonuclease Bsm I.The genotypes were evaluated based on the fragment length fol- lowing endonuclease digestion and the association between genotypes and BMD or Z- score values was analyzed.Among the 71cases,the detected genotypes were Bb and bb with the distribution frequency being 11.3% and 88.7% respectively.The distribution frequency of the alleles was in agreement with the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium.There was no significant difference between the two genotypes in age,gender,body m ass index(BMI) ,disease duration,disease types,time of glucocorticoid administration and cumulative dosage(P>0 .0 5 ) .Osteoporosis rate of the patients with Bb or bb genotype was37.5 % and33.3% respectively,with the difference being notsignif- icant (χ2 =0 .0 5 ,P=0 .8) .The BMD and Z- score values at lumbar spine and femur in two geno- types were not similar,but the difference had no significant (P>0 .0 5 ) .The distribution frequen- cy of bb type of VDR genotypes in Han populations of China was m ore prevalent,followed by Bb and bb types in turn.In the patients receiving long- term glucocorticoid therapy,there was no sig- nificant difference in BMD between Bb and bb genotypes.The data suggest that the VDR geno- types may not be m eans of identifying patients at greater risk of glucocorticoid- induced osteoporo- sis,which await to be further confirmed by a large sample size.
文摘 Since the latter half of 1996, we have used vitamine K blocking at Changqiang (GV 1) for relieving the postoperative pain of anal fissure with satisfactory results. A report follows.……
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission of Changning District,No.20234Y038.
文摘In this editorial,we have commented on the article that has been published in the recent issue of World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors have described a case of unilateral thyroid cyst and have opined that the acute onset of infection may be linked to diabetes mellitus(DM).We have focused on the role of nutrition in the association between DM and infection.Patients with DM are at a high risk of infection,which could also be attributed to nutrition-related factors.Nutritional interventions for patients with diabetes are mainly based on a low-calorie diet,which can be achieved by adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet.However,dietary fiber supplementation is recommended to maintain the diversity of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,high-quality protein can prevent the increased risk of infection due to malnutrition.Supplementation of vitamins C,vitamins A,vitamins D,and folic acid improves blood sugar control and facilitates immune regulation.Mineral deficiencies augment the risk of infection,but the relationship with diabetes is mostly U-shaped and a good intake should be maintained.
文摘Micronutrients are fundamental to support and maintain normal physiological function.Deficiencies of these nutrients are a growing public health concern with potentially devastating consequences.An adequate diet of whole foods is the primary source of micronutrients;supplementation is sometimes necessary.Both deficiency and excess of these nutrients have adverse effects.Common deficiencies include iron,folate,iodine,zinc,and vitamin A,which can present clinically as a syndrome.Micronutrient deficiencies(MNDs)are common contributors to intellectual impairments,poor growth,perinatal complications,and increased risk for morbidity and mortality.Excess of a select few of these nutrients can result in conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension and diarrhea.Interventions,including supplementation,fortification,and biofortification,can help combat MNDs.This article reviews some common micronutrient imbalances,their clinical manifestations,and treatment interventions.
文摘Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging evidence reveals a multifactorial pathophysiology,including sequestration of vitamin D in adipose tissue,altered hepatic metabolism,diminished bioavailability,and inflammationinduced resistance at the tissue level.These mechanisms contribute to a functional deficiency,wherein serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may remain suboptimal despite adequate intake or sun exposure.Obesity-related alterations in vitamin Dbinding proteins,receptor expression,and pro-inflammatory signaling further compromise biological activity.Current diagnostic criteria and supplementation guidelines do not fully reflect these physiological complexities,leading to underdiagnosis and insufficient treatment.Personalized approaches-incorporating higher,body composition-adjusted dosing and consideration of inflammatory status-are emerging as promising strategies to restore sufficiency and improve metabolic outcomes.While preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of high-dose supplementation in this population,pediatric-specific clinical trials are lacking.This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in pediatric obesity and emphasizes the need for individualized,evidence-based interventions to optimize vitamin D status and overall health.
文摘The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturation—has been increasingly implicated in the development of atopic diseases.While extensively studied in asthma,its role in non-respiratory allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis(AD)and allergic rhinitis(AR)remains comparatively underexplored.This minireview synthesizes current mechanistic and clinical evidence on vitamin D in pediatric AD and AR.In AD,vitamin D promotes epidermal barrier function through upregulation of filaggrin and ceramide synthesis,and enhances antimicrobial defense via induction of antimicrobial peptides.Observational studies consistently report lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in affected children,particularly those with allergic sensitization.Select randomized controlled trials suggest clinical improvement with supplementation,especially at doses>2000 IU/day in deficient individuals.In AR,epidemiological data indicate stronger inverse associations with seasonal(pollen-induced)disease.Proposed mechanisms include modulation of dendritic cells,regulatory T cells,T helper 2 cytokines,and mucosal barrier integrity.The shared immunopathogenesis of AD and AR underscores vitamin D’s relevance.Although promising,clinical evidence remains heterogeneous.Future research should prioritize phenotype-stratified trials to clarify optimal dosing,timing,and individual response determinants,including genetics and microbiome composition.
文摘Pumpkin was used as vegetables.They are used popularly in the meals or making drinks because pumpkin contains vitamins,fiber,mineral,protein,glucose and lipid.Besides,pumpkin is not only nourishing,but also is precious drugs to cure diseases.In this article,we analyzed some ingredients including heavy metals and NO3-in soil,water and pumpkin samples from households in Loc Thanh Village,Bao Lam District,Lam Dong Province(pumpkin of households grown by using chemical fertilizers and pesticides).These samples showed that some heavy metals such as Cu(Copper),Pb(Plumb),Cd(Cadmium)and As(Arsen)exceeded the allowable limits.However,the pumpkin samples that we grew by using organic fertilizers showed a significant reduction in heavy metal content,within the safety limit according to Vietnamese standards.Thus,the using organic farming methods has resulted in better quality products than using chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
文摘The gut microbiome comprises a vast community of microbes inhabiting the human alimentary canal,playing a crucial role in various physiological functions.These microbes generally live in harmony with the host;however,when dysbiosis occurs,it can contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases,including osteoporosis.Osteoporosis,a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk,has attracted significant research attention concerning the role of gut microbes in its development.Advances in molecular biology have highlighted the influence of gut microbiota on osteoporosis through mechanisms involving immunoregulation,modulation of the gut-brain axis,and regulation of the intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption.These microbes can enhance bone mass by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation,inducing apoptosis,reducing bone resorption,and promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation.Despite these promising findings,the therapeutic effectiveness of targeting gut microbes in osteoporosis requires further investigation.Notably,gut microbiota has been increasingly studied for their potential in early diagnosis,intervention,and as an adjunct therapy for osteoporosis,suggesting a growing utility in improving bone health.Further research is essential to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and clinical application of gut microbiome modulation in the management of osteoporosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170406 and No.81970238.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via the vitamin D receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling pathway.This letter critically appraises these findings,comparing them to similar studies,and discusses their potential implications for treating NAFLD.Furthermore,we highlight future directions,including dose optimization and mechanistic studies.
基金supported in part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (Grant No. ZW201813)supported by the high-performance computing platform at the Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.
文摘Hepatic osteodystrophy(HO)is a common and frequently untreated complica-tion,manifested as osteoporosis or osteopenia,encountered in the evolution of chronic liver diseases(CLD).In addition to patients with chronic cholestasis and cirrhosis,patients with CLD from other etiologies may be affected.Several studies have reported an increased prevalence of osteoporosis/osteopenia in patients with CLD.The pathogenesis varies according to etiology and is multifactorial,involving genetic factors,vitamin deficiencies,proinflammatory cytokines,hypo-gonadism,hyperbilirubinemia,antiviral therapy,corticosteroids,and lifestyle fa-ctors.The approach to management should include individualized assessment for fracture risk factors and bone mineral density.Prevention of osteoporosis in CLD relies on the mitigation of risk factors,treatment of underlying hypogonadism,and encouraging a healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise.Treatment trials specific to HO are small,and the primary medical intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis in CLD remains bisphosphonates although the benefit in fracture reduction has not consistently been shown.Further research is necessary to better define the management and specific treatment of HO for the prevention of fragility fractures and to improve the quality of life.This article provides an updated review of HO covering all these aspects.
基金supported by the project of the development for highquality seed industry of Hubei province(HBZY2023B003)the Key Area Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BBA077)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program.
文摘Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this study,we developed an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography variable wavelength detector(UPLCvwd)method for quantifying vitamin E content in peanut seeds,capable of detecting four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.Compared to traditional methods,this approach is simpler,more efficient,and highly accurate.By comparing two sample preparation techniques,it was found that slicing better reflects the true vitamin E content than grinding,as it minimizes losses caused by mechanical pressure.The method demonstrated robust stability and accuracy in both repeatability tests and spiked recovery tests,showing no significant differences compared to the national standard method.The study revealed that the cotyledons of peanuts are the primary storage site for vitamin E,being rich inγ-andα-tocopherols,which together account for over 90% of the total vitamin E content.In contrast,the vitamin E content in the seed coat is considerably lower.Therefore,the optimized detection method minimizes seed coat interference during sample preparation,ensuring the accuracy of the results.In summary,the UPLC-vwd method developed in this study is a promising tool for determining vitamin E content and supports the improvement of peanut quality.
基金funded by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82204071,81874268 and 82173539)grant of the Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University(0303033201)grant of Natural Scientific Research Priority Project of Anhui Higher Education Institution(KJ2021A0228).
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney diseases,hypoparathyroidism,and autoimmune diseases.Nevertheless,these studies were conducted only in adults and among individuals with underlying medical conditions.Adolescence is at a unique stage of growth,where nutritional deficiencies may have profound implications on their future health.Thus,there is an urgent need to conduct research on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on adolescent health.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia(FHBL)is a semi-autosomal disorder that is caused mainly by an APOB variant.It is usually asymptomatic and rarely leads to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).CASE SUMMARY A 12-year-old boy was referred to our hospital after prolonged elevation of liver enzymes was observed during health checkups in Kagawa Prefecture.Abdominal ultrasound showed a bright liver,and laboratory investigations revealed low lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B protein levels.His family history included fatty liver and hypolipidemia in his father,which led to a clinical diagnosis of FHBL.A liver biopsy was performed on suspicion of liver fibrosis based on biomarkers.The liver tissue showed fatty steatosis,inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,and fibrosis,indicating NASH.Genetic testing detected the APOB variant,and the patient was treated successfully with vitamin E.CONCLUSION It is important to assess family history and liver dysfunction severity in non-obese patients with hypolipidemia and fatty liver.
基金financed by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81773642,52073139)Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine(No.2023B110008)the Provincial subsidies for the construction of high-level hospitals(No.K202201)。
文摘Liposomal drugs have significantly improved cancer treatment in recent years.However,the clinical application of conventional liposomes is limited by factors such as the complexity of the preparation process and the multitude of auxiliary components.By replacing phospholipids and cholesterol with vitamin E succinate(VES),this study addresses these shortcomings by developing a novel modified nanoprodrug,and the new formulation is used to deliver cisplatin.Concurrently,liposomes encapsulating cisplatin were prepared by conventional formulations for comparative experiments.Moreover,VES can inhibit the expression of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2(UCP2),further enhancing mitochondrial damage in tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment(TME)and suppressing the tricarboxylic acid cycle,thereby reducing ATP production.Additionally,cisplatin damages DNA structure,affecting the binding of Nrf2 to the antioxidant response element(ARE),thereby inhibiting the signaling expression of heme oxygenase1(HO-1).The combined action of cisplatin and VES disrupts the redox balanceleading to a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).The nanoprodrug effectively alters the redox state of the TME and inhibits antioxidant defenses,thereby amplifying oxidative stress damage and enhancing the efficacy of cisplatin.Notably,compared to free cisplatin,the nanoprodrug demonstrates greater efficacy in both cell line-derived xenograft(CDX)and patient-derived tumor xenograft(PDX)liver cancer models.Overall,this study successfully develops a novel mitochondrial-targeted nanoprodrug by modifying the conventional liposome formulation.This provides a new strategy for amplifying oxidative stress in order to disrupt redox balance,and enhance cisplatin efficacy.
文摘Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in indigenous medicinal plants,such as Solanum torvum,Solanum nigrum,Solanum xanthocarpum,Psoralea cordifolia,Cissus quadrangularis,and the resin Commiphora mukul,and Laccifer lacca.Methods:Vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) compounds were detected and quantified using advanced reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.A refined technique for sample preparation was employed,which involved an overnight cold saponification process.This method was used to enhance the extraction of vitamin D molecules.The accuracy and reliability of the HPLC method were validated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS analysis.Results:The investigation revealed the remarkable presence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in the chosen plant specimens.Significant amounts of vitamin D_(2) were found in Laccifer lacca and Psoralea cordifolia,however,vitamin D_(3) was only detected in Cissus quadrangularis and Solanum xanthocarpum.The revised approaches exhibited significant precision and accuracy,hence enhancing the reliability of the findings.Conclusion:The identification of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in these plants underscores their historical therapeutic significance for supporting bone health and indicates their potential as beneficial natural sources of vitamin D.This research advances understanding of the phytochemical features of these plants,facilitating future development of nutraceuticals and therapeutic applications.
