Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has b...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.展开更多
Vitamins are natural materials essential for maintaining the normal physical function of the live cells. It has been reported that 13 vitamins are needed in our body, included vitamin A, B vitamins （thiamine, ribofla...Vitamins are natural materials essential for maintaining the normal physical function of the live cells. It has been reported that 13 vitamins are needed in our body, included vitamin A, B vitamins （thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid and cobalamin）, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. Nowadays, the functions of vitamins have been extensively investigated. The objective of this paper is to summarize the new functions of vitamins, aiming to provide suggestions on the usage of various vitamins in clinical application.展开更多
Beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone metabolism,vitamin D has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health.Its active form,calcitriol[1α,25(OH)2D],signals through the vitamin D receptor(VDR),which is ex...Beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone metabolism,vitamin D has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health.Its active form,calcitriol[1α,25(OH)2D],signals through the vitamin D receptor(VDR),which is expressed in hepatic stellate cells,Kupffer cells,and cholangiocytes.Through this pathway,vitamin D modulates fibrosis,inflammation,oxidative stress,bile acid homeostasis,and immune responses.This review explores the growing body of evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to chronic liver diseases,including autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,alcoholic liver disease,viral hepatitis B and C,and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease.Low vitamin D levels are frequently observed in these conditions and are associated with disease severity,complications(such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,sarcopenia,and hepatic encephalopathy),and increased mortality.Mechanistically,vitamin D-VDR signaling inhibits profibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD pathways,downregulates proinflammatory cytokines,enhances regulatory T cell differentiation,and improves insulin sensitivity.Although preclinical studies support its protective effects,clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have produced mixed results.Overall,vitamin D appears to influence multiple pathways in liver disease pathophysiology,and correcting its deficiency may offer clinical benefits.However,its integration into clinical care will depend on identifying responsive patient subgroups and defining optimal dosing strategies to maximize therapeutic benefit.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging eviden...Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging evidence reveals a multifactorial pathophysiology,including sequestration of vitamin D in adipose tissue,altered hepatic metabolism,diminished bioavailability,and inflammationinduced resistance at the tissue level.These mechanisms contribute to a functional deficiency,wherein serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may remain suboptimal despite adequate intake or sun exposure.Obesity-related alterations in vitamin Dbinding proteins,receptor expression,and pro-inflammatory signaling further compromise biological activity.Current diagnostic criteria and supplementation guidelines do not fully reflect these physiological complexities,leading to underdiagnosis and insufficient treatment.Personalized approaches-incorporating higher,body composition-adjusted dosing and consideration of inflammatory status-are emerging as promising strategies to restore sufficiency and improve metabolic outcomes.While preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of high-dose supplementation in this population,pediatric-specific clinical trials are lacking.This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in pediatric obesity and emphasizes the need for individualized,evidence-based interventions to optimize vitamin D status and overall health.展开更多
The vitamin D3 molecule, or cholecalciferol, is now considered a hormone that acts on multiple homeostatic fronts, either skeletal or extra-skeletal. After 100 years since from its identification as a protective and c...The vitamin D3 molecule, or cholecalciferol, is now considered a hormone that acts on multiple homeostatic fronts, either skeletal or extra-skeletal. After 100 years since from its identification as a protective and curative factor of rickets, during the last decade the interest in vitamin D among scientists and general public increased substantially and the use of vitamin D supplements has increased nearly exponentially in many countries. The aim of the present review is to clarify the mechanisms of action of vitamin D compounds on bone health through well-known concepts identified, and readily available, in the scientific literature. Taking advantage of our multi-year and consolidated experience in the pathophysiology of bone and mineral metabolism, we aim to briefly describe those few “hot” topics that we have perceived not to be easy to understand both for health professionals engaged on metabolic bone disorders and for those that are non-experts in this field and who should approach it. We describe, through basic pathophysiology concepts, the relationships between vitamin D and skeletal health: the main sources of vitamin D in humans, the vitamin D metabolites, evaluation of vitamin D status, tissue distribution of vitamin D, natural factors affecting the half-life of vitamin D3, the effects of cholecalciferol on calcium homeostasis and bone tissue, the relationship between vitamin D3 and bone cells and physical performance in the elderly, the effects of low vitamin D3 levels on bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Although currently different international institutional-academic positions exist about which is the best threshold value of serum vitamin D to be considered as adequate, it is important to bring out and lay a solid foundation supporting at least the crucial role played by it in the pathophysiology of skeletal tissue, despite the difficulties arising from the current lack of the specific molecular basis that clearly explain the balance between bone formation, mineralization and skeletal resorption. Finally, it should be also taken into consideration also the numerous reports, more recently identifiable in PubMed, in which, even in presence of very high levels of circulating values of 25OHD, clinically and biochemically observable toxic effects are not reported.展开更多
Vitamin D,with its diverse molecular pathways and immunomodulatory properties,has become a crucial tool in the prevention and treatment of various cancers.It controls angiogenesis,apoptosis,differentiation,and cellula...Vitamin D,with its diverse molecular pathways and immunomodulatory properties,has become a crucial tool in the prevention and treatment of various cancers.It controls angiogenesis,apoptosis,differentiation,and cellular proliferation,inhibiting cancer through immune surveillance,DNA repair,and tumor suppression genes.Additionally,vitamin D signaling impacts tumor growth and metastasis in various cancer types by interacting with key oncogenic pathways like Wnt/β-catenin,NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and p53.This review demonstrates the molecular and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in oncology,focusing on its potential as a safe,adjuvant treatment method.It emphasizes the role of vitamin D in epigenetic modification,its impact on tumor microenvironment,and its synergistic benefits when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.Despite promising results,genetic variations in the VDR gene continue to cause issues with bioavailability,ideal dosage,and interindividual response variability.The review also proposes future research on vitamin D's potentiality as a therapeutic adjuvant in various malignancies,including colorectal,prostate,and breast cancers,and suggests the development of non-calcemic vitamin D analogs and the incorporation of vitamin D-based methods into personalized oncology treatments.展开更多
The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored e...The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturat...Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturation—has been increasingly implicated in the development of atopic diseases.While extensively studied in asthma,its role in non-respiratory allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis(AD)and allergic rhinitis(AR)remains comparatively underexplored.This minireview synthesizes current mechanistic and clinical evidence on vitamin D in pediatric AD and AR.In AD,vitamin D promotes epidermal barrier function through upregulation of filaggrin and ceramide synthesis,and enhances antimicrobial defense via induction of antimicrobial peptides.Observational studies consistently report lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in affected children,particularly those with allergic sensitization.Select randomized controlled trials suggest clinical improvement with supplementation,especially at doses>2000 IU/day in deficient individuals.In AR,epidemiological data indicate stronger inverse associations with seasonal(pollen-induced)disease.Proposed mechanisms include modulation of dendritic cells,regulatory T cells,T helper 2 cytokines,and mucosal barrier integrity.The shared immunopathogenesis of AD and AR underscores vitamin D’s relevance.Although promising,clinical evidence remains heterogeneous.Future research should prioritize phenotype-stratified trials to clarify optimal dosing,timing,and individual response determinants,including genetics and microbiome composition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)adversely affects graft survival and is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.Observational studies in the general population as well as the post-t...BACKGROUND Post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)adversely affects graft survival and is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.Observational studies in the general population as well as the post-transplant setting suggest an association between the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]level and onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Literature is very limited in the context of PTDM.AIM To study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency at the time of kidney transplant and PTDM in the post-transplant period.METHODS In this single center study,72 patients who underwent kidney transplant were included.Blood samples for serum vitamin D level were collected on the day of transplant and analyzed at the end of study.The LIAISON®25(OH)D assay was used for quantitative estimation of total 25(OH)D in the serum.PTDM was diagnosed by either fasting plasma glucose(>126 mg/dL),2-h post prandial plasma glucose(>200 mg/dL),or 2-h oral glucose tolerance test after 45 days post-transplant.Hemoglobin A1c was not used to diagnose PTDM.Vitamin D levels were labeled as sufficient(≥30.0 ng/mL),insufficient(20.0-29.9 ng/mL),and deficient(<20.0 ng/mL).Patients were reviewed at 45 days and 1 year post transplant for the occurrence of PTDM.RESULTS In our study cohort 72 patients completed the study.Overall,32(43.8%)patients developed PTDM during the follow up of 1 year,44(61.1%)patients had deficient(<20 ng/mL)25(OH)D levels.Twenty-six(81.2%)patients with PTDM had deficient vitamin D levels as compared with 18(45.0%)patients without PTDM(P=0.007).This association was also significant when univariable[odds ratio(OR)=5.3,95%confidence interval(CI):1.79-15.67,P=0.003)]and multivariable(OR=8.21,95%CI:2.19-30.75,P=0.002)regression analysis was performed.A higher proportion of subjects having PTDM(15.6%)had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus than the controls(2.5%)(P=0.045).However,this association did not persist in the multivariable regression analysis(OR=12.6,95%CI:0.86-185.4,P=0.065).CONCLUSION Deficient vitamin D levels(<20 ng/mL)were significantly associated with PTDM in the post kidney transplant setting.Further studies are needed to see the effect of vitamin D replacement on PTDM.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vit...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via the vitamin D receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling pathway.This letter critically appraises these findings,comparing them to similar studies,and discusses their potential implications for treating NAFLD.Furthermore,we highlight future directions,including dose optimization and mechanistic studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND The existing semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system inadequately evaluates synovial hypertrophy at the dorsal recess of the first metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ).Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in ty...BACKGROUND The existing semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system inadequately evaluates synovial hypertrophy at the dorsal recess of the first metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ).Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and may influence joint inflammation.This study hypothesizes that serum 25-hydro-xyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels are inversely associated with synovial hypertrophy severity of the first MTPJ in patients with T2DM.AIM To refine ultrasound grading for the first MTPJ synovial hypertrophy and inves-tigate its association with vitamin D in T2DM.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 56 patients(112 MTPJs)with T2DM from Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.Synovial hypertrophy was evaluated using a refined semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system focusing on the dorsal recess overlying the metatarsal bone.Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured.Logistic regression and threshold analyses assessed associations between vitamin D status and hypertrophy severity.RESULTS Of 112 joints assessed,98 exhibited synovial hypertrophy(grade 1:40;grade 2:50;grade 3:8).The refined grading system demonstrated strong intra-and inter-observer reliability(intraclass correlation coefficients=0.79 and 0.73,respectively).Lower serum 25(OH)D(<24.3 ng/mL)was independently associated with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;P=0.0163].Vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the likelihood of moderate-to-severe hypertrophy compared with non-deficiency(OR=3.86;P=0.0422).Threshold analysis identified 23.8 ng/mL as a critical serum 25(OH)D level,below which each increment reduced moderate-to-severe hypertrophy risk by 21%(OR=0.79;P=0.0078).CONCLUSION The refined ultrasound grading system demonstrated strong reliability.Serum 25(OH)D may serve as a protective factor against the severity of synovial hypertrophy in T2DM patients with lower 25(OH)D levels.展开更多
Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and...Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their sidechain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.展开更多
Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains...Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.展开更多
Ferroptosis of chondrocytes is a significant contributor to osteoarthritis(OA),for which there is still a lack of safe and effective therapeutic drugs targeting ferroptosis.Here,we screen for anti-ferroptotic drugs in...Ferroptosis of chondrocytes is a significant contributor to osteoarthritis(OA),for which there is still a lack of safe and effective therapeutic drugs targeting ferroptosis.Here,we screen for anti-ferroptotic drugs in Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug library via a high-throughput manner in chondrocytes.We identified a group of FDA-approved anti-ferroptotic drugs,among which vitamin K showed the most powerful protective effect.Further study demonstrated that vitamin K effectively inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated the extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation in chondrocytes.Intra-articular injection of vitamin K inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated OA phenotype in destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)mouse model.Mechanistically,transcriptome sequencing and knockdown experiments revealed that the anti-ferroptotic effects of vitamin K depended on growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6).Furthermore,exogenous expression of Gas6 was found to inhibit ferroptosis through the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase(AKT)axis.Together,we demonstrate that vitamin K inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates OA progression via enhancing Gas6 expression and its downstream pathway of AXL/PI3K/AKT axis,indicating vitamin K as well as Gas6 to serve as a potential therapeutic target for OA and other ferroptosis-related diseases.展开更多
Objective Vitamin deficiencies,particularly in vitamins A,B12,and D,are prevalent across populations and contribute significantly to a range of health issues.While these deficiencies are well documented,the underlying...Objective Vitamin deficiencies,particularly in vitamins A,B12,and D,are prevalent across populations and contribute significantly to a range of health issues.While these deficiencies are well documented,the underlying etiology remains complex.Recent studies suggest a close link between the gut microbiota and the synthesis,absorption,and metabolism of these vitamins.However,the specific causal relationships between the gut microbiota composition and vitamin deficiencies remain poorly understood.Identifying key bacterial species and understanding their role in vitamin metabolism could provide critical insights for targeted interventions.Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study to assess the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin deficiencies(A,B12,D).The genome-wide association study data for vitamin deficiencies were sourced from the FinnGen biobank,and the gut microbiota data were from the MiBioGen consortium.MR analyses included inverse variance-weighted(IVW),MR‒Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses and reverse causality assessments were performed to ensure robustness and validate the findings.Results After FDR adjustment,vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with the class Verrucomicrobiae,order Verrucomicrobiales,family Verrucomicrobiaceae,and genus Akkermansia.Vitamin A deficiency was associated with the phylum Firmicutes and the genera Fusicatenibacter and Ruminiclostridium 6.Additional associations for vitamin B12 deficiency included the Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodospirillaceae and the genera Coprococcus 2,Lactococcus,and Ruminococcaceae UCG002.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the genera Allisonella,Eubacterium,and Tyzzerella 3.Lachnospiraceae and Lactococcus were common risk factors for both B12 and D deficiency.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings against heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy,and reverse MR tests indicated no evidence of reverse causality.Conclusions Our findings reveal a possible causal relationship between specific gut microbiota characteristics and vitamin A,B12 and D deficiencies,providing a theoretical basis for addressing these nutritional deficiencies through the modulation of the gut microbiota in the future and laying the groundwork for related interventions.展开更多
Introduction: Vitamin D plays a key role in phosphocalcic metabolism, in normal functioning of the immune system and in the prevention of certain forms of cancer. Systematic vitamin D supplementation has been implemen...Introduction: Vitamin D plays a key role in phosphocalcic metabolism, in normal functioning of the immune system and in the prevention of certain forms of cancer. Systematic vitamin D supplementation has been implemented in most Western countries, which has drastically reduced the prevalence of rickets. In Senegal, a country with enough sunshine, no large-scale data exists on vitamin D deficiency in children. In addition, there are no guidelines from the Ministry of Health and Social Action (MoHSA) on vitamin D supplementation. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children aged 6 to 59 months and to analyze the factors associated with it at the Institute of Social Pediatrics in Pikine-Guédiawaye, a suburb of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study over a 3-month period (from January to March 2024) at the Institute of Social Pediatric (IPS) of Pikine-Guédiawaye. The study population consisted of all children aged 6 to 59 months free from any acute or chronic pathology, whose parents had agreed to answer the questionnaires after having consented and signed the consent and children who had had a sample taken for vitamin D dosage. Results: We included 102 children, 35 of whom had vitamin D deficiency, i.e. a prevalence of 34.31% with a slight male predominance (sex ratio 1.05). Infants aged 13 - 24 months were more affected (41.67%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.385). Patients with acute malnutrition had a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (54.17% of cases versus 28.38%) in those without acute malnutrition (p = 0.02). On the other hand, chronic malnutrition, underweight and diversification foods were not significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p of 0.60, 0.42 and 0.09 respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin deficiency affects one-third of apparently healthy children under 5 and this deficiency has no significant relationship with diversification foods. This suggests that the observed vitamin D deficiencies are less related to diet than to lack of sun exposure.展开更多
School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age ...School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.展开更多
Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney disease...Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney diseases,hypoparathyroidism,and autoimmune diseases.Nevertheless,these studies were conducted only in adults and among individuals with underlying medical conditions.Adolescence is at a unique stage of growth,where nutritional deficiencies may have profound implications on their future health.Thus,there is an urgent need to conduct research on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on adolescent health.展开更多
Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates...Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in indigenous medicinal plants,such as Solanum torvum,Solanum nigrum,Solanum xanthocarpum,Psoralea cordifolia,Cissus quadrangularis,and the resin Commiphora mukul,and Laccifer lacca.Methods:Vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) compounds were detected and quantified using advanced reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.A refined technique for sample preparation was employed,which involved an overnight cold saponification process.This method was used to enhance the extraction of vitamin D molecules.The accuracy and reliability of the HPLC method were validated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS analysis.Results:The investigation revealed the remarkable presence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in the chosen plant specimens.Significant amounts of vitamin D_(2) were found in Laccifer lacca and Psoralea cordifolia,however,vitamin D_(3) was only detected in Cissus quadrangularis and Solanum xanthocarpum.The revised approaches exhibited significant precision and accuracy,hence enhancing the reliability of the findings.Conclusion:The identification of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in these plants underscores their historical therapeutic significance for supporting bone health and indicates their potential as beneficial natural sources of vitamin D.This research advances understanding of the phytochemical features of these plants,facilitating future development of nutraceuticals and therapeutic applications.展开更多
Malignant tumors are heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,invasion,metastasis,and/or recurrence of their malignancies.In particular,cancer stem cells(CSCs)within these tumors might b...Malignant tumors are heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,invasion,metastasis,and/or recurrence of their malignancies.In particular,cancer stem cells(CSCs)within these tumors might be responsible for the property of invasiveness and/or therapies-resistance.CSCs are a self-renewing,awfully tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells,which are notorious for strong chemoresistance and are frequently responsible the aggravated invasion,metastasis,and/or recurrence.Developing targeting therapies against CSCs,therefore,may be deliberated a more encouraging mission for the greater cancer therapy.Innovation for a more potent anti-CSC treatment has been required as soon as possible.Interestingly,vitamin D could modulate the inflammatory condition of the tumor microenvironment(TME)by successfully affecting CSCs,which has an imperative role in determining the malignant phenotype of CSCs.In addition,vitamin D may also contribute to the regulation of the malignant behaviors of CSCs.Consistently,vitamin D could have potential applications for the significant inhibition of several tumor growths within various cancer therapies.The biological significance of vitamin D for CSCs regulation may be involved in the function of APRO family proteins.Therefore,vitamin D could be one of the innovative therapeutic modalities for the development of novel CSCs related tumor therapies.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(G.F.Wang,grant number 82204071)(P.Y.Su,grant numbers 81874268 and 82473655)the Research Funds of the Center for Big Data and Population Health of IHM(P.Y.Su,No.JKS2023016)Anhui Provincial Health Commission Scientific Research Project(Y.Zhou,No.AHWJ2023A30027)。
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)represents a significant nutritional concern among children and adolescents.The estimated prevalence of VDD in China is 46.8%in this population^([1]).VDD during childhood and adolescence has been associated with the onset of various conditions,including acute respiratory infections,asthma,atopic dermatitis,and food allergies^([2]).Multiple factors,including age,sun exposure,adiposity,and genetics,influence vitamin D levels^([2,3]).Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the environmental determinants that may influence vitamin D status.Given the potential of metallic pollutants to disrupt endocrine function and their ubiquity in the environment,investigating the effects of metal exposure on human vitamin D status,particularly in vulnerable populations,is imperative.
文摘Vitamins are natural materials essential for maintaining the normal physical function of the live cells. It has been reported that 13 vitamins are needed in our body, included vitamin A, B vitamins （thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid and cobalamin）, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and vitamin K. Nowadays, the functions of vitamins have been extensively investigated. The objective of this paper is to summarize the new functions of vitamins, aiming to provide suggestions on the usage of various vitamins in clinical application.
文摘Beyond its traditional role in calcium and bone metabolism,vitamin D has emerged as a critical regulator of liver health.Its active form,calcitriol[1α,25(OH)2D],signals through the vitamin D receptor(VDR),which is expressed in hepatic stellate cells,Kupffer cells,and cholangiocytes.Through this pathway,vitamin D modulates fibrosis,inflammation,oxidative stress,bile acid homeostasis,and immune responses.This review explores the growing body of evidence linking vitamin D deficiency to chronic liver diseases,including autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,alcoholic liver disease,viral hepatitis B and C,and metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease.Low vitamin D levels are frequently observed in these conditions and are associated with disease severity,complications(such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,sarcopenia,and hepatic encephalopathy),and increased mortality.Mechanistically,vitamin D-VDR signaling inhibits profibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD pathways,downregulates proinflammatory cytokines,enhances regulatory T cell differentiation,and improves insulin sensitivity.Although preclinical studies support its protective effects,clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation have produced mixed results.Overall,vitamin D appears to influence multiple pathways in liver disease pathophysiology,and correcting its deficiency may offer clinical benefits.However,its integration into clinical care will depend on identifying responsive patient subgroups and defining optimal dosing strategies to maximize therapeutic benefit.
文摘Vitamin D deficiency is disproportionately prevalent among overweight and obese children,with conventional explanations such as poor dietary intake or reduced sun exposure offering only partial insight.Emerging evidence reveals a multifactorial pathophysiology,including sequestration of vitamin D in adipose tissue,altered hepatic metabolism,diminished bioavailability,and inflammationinduced resistance at the tissue level.These mechanisms contribute to a functional deficiency,wherein serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may remain suboptimal despite adequate intake or sun exposure.Obesity-related alterations in vitamin Dbinding proteins,receptor expression,and pro-inflammatory signaling further compromise biological activity.Current diagnostic criteria and supplementation guidelines do not fully reflect these physiological complexities,leading to underdiagnosis and insufficient treatment.Personalized approaches-incorporating higher,body composition-adjusted dosing and consideration of inflammatory status-are emerging as promising strategies to restore sufficiency and improve metabolic outcomes.While preliminary evidence supports the safety and efficacy of high-dose supplementation in this population,pediatric-specific clinical trials are lacking.This review synthesizes current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying vitamin D deficiency in pediatric obesity and emphasizes the need for individualized,evidence-based interventions to optimize vitamin D status and overall health.
文摘The vitamin D3 molecule, or cholecalciferol, is now considered a hormone that acts on multiple homeostatic fronts, either skeletal or extra-skeletal. After 100 years since from its identification as a protective and curative factor of rickets, during the last decade the interest in vitamin D among scientists and general public increased substantially and the use of vitamin D supplements has increased nearly exponentially in many countries. The aim of the present review is to clarify the mechanisms of action of vitamin D compounds on bone health through well-known concepts identified, and readily available, in the scientific literature. Taking advantage of our multi-year and consolidated experience in the pathophysiology of bone and mineral metabolism, we aim to briefly describe those few “hot” topics that we have perceived not to be easy to understand both for health professionals engaged on metabolic bone disorders and for those that are non-experts in this field and who should approach it. We describe, through basic pathophysiology concepts, the relationships between vitamin D and skeletal health: the main sources of vitamin D in humans, the vitamin D metabolites, evaluation of vitamin D status, tissue distribution of vitamin D, natural factors affecting the half-life of vitamin D3, the effects of cholecalciferol on calcium homeostasis and bone tissue, the relationship between vitamin D3 and bone cells and physical performance in the elderly, the effects of low vitamin D3 levels on bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Although currently different international institutional-academic positions exist about which is the best threshold value of serum vitamin D to be considered as adequate, it is important to bring out and lay a solid foundation supporting at least the crucial role played by it in the pathophysiology of skeletal tissue, despite the difficulties arising from the current lack of the specific molecular basis that clearly explain the balance between bone formation, mineralization and skeletal resorption. Finally, it should be also taken into consideration also the numerous reports, more recently identifiable in PubMed, in which, even in presence of very high levels of circulating values of 25OHD, clinically and biochemically observable toxic effects are not reported.
文摘Vitamin D,with its diverse molecular pathways and immunomodulatory properties,has become a crucial tool in the prevention and treatment of various cancers.It controls angiogenesis,apoptosis,differentiation,and cellular proliferation,inhibiting cancer through immune surveillance,DNA repair,and tumor suppression genes.Additionally,vitamin D signaling impacts tumor growth and metastasis in various cancer types by interacting with key oncogenic pathways like Wnt/β-catenin,NF-κB,PI3K/Akt,and p53.This review demonstrates the molecular and therapeutic implications of vitamin D in oncology,focusing on its potential as a safe,adjuvant treatment method.It emphasizes the role of vitamin D in epigenetic modification,its impact on tumor microenvironment,and its synergistic benefits when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.Despite promising results,genetic variations in the VDR gene continue to cause issues with bioavailability,ideal dosage,and interindividual response variability.The review also proposes future research on vitamin D's potentiality as a therapeutic adjuvant in various malignancies,including colorectal,prostate,and breast cancers,and suggests the development of non-calcemic vitamin D analogs and the incorporation of vitamin D-based methods into personalized oncology treatments.
文摘The edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus L.plays a crucial ecological role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition,alongside its increasing importance in the food and nutrition industry.This study explored ecological interventions to enhance the mushroom’s vitamin content by enriching its cultivation substrate with nanomaterials and biostimulatory agents.The experiment was conducted within the mushroom production project at Al-Qadisiyah Governorate,Iraq.The compost-based medium was amended with magnetic iron nanoparticles(N-FeO),carbon nanotube(CNT)suspensions,EM biofertilizer,and Atonik growth stimulant.Their ecological impact on the enrichment of fat-soluble(A,D,E)and water-soluble(B2,B3,B5,B6)vitamins in mushrooms was assessed.The study employed a Completely Randomized Design(CRD)with three replicates.Results revealed that the synergistic application of these eco-friendly treatments significantly enhanced the vitamin profiles of A.bisporus.The highest concentrations of vitamins B2 and B5(5.16 and 17.70 mg kg^(-1),respectively)and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1))were recorded under the combined quadruple treatment.Additionally,the triple treatment(N-FeO+EM+Atonik)notably increased levels of vitamins B2(4.47 mg kg^(-1)),B6(25.66 mg kg^(-1)),D(34.76 mg kg^(-1)),and vitamin A(6.87 IU ml^(-1)).Dual treatments(EM+Atonik)also significantly improved vitamin B2(4.54 mg kg^(-1))and vitamin E(3.30 mg kg^(-1))contents.These findings demonstrate that integrating nanomaterials and biostimulants can serve as an ecological strategy to improve the nutritional quality of mushrooms while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
文摘Vitamin D,beyond its classical role in calcium homeostasis,has emerged as a key regulator of immune function and epithelial barrier integrity.Its deficiency during early childhood—a critical period for immune maturation—has been increasingly implicated in the development of atopic diseases.While extensively studied in asthma,its role in non-respiratory allergic conditions such as atopic dermatitis(AD)and allergic rhinitis(AR)remains comparatively underexplored.This minireview synthesizes current mechanistic and clinical evidence on vitamin D in pediatric AD and AR.In AD,vitamin D promotes epidermal barrier function through upregulation of filaggrin and ceramide synthesis,and enhances antimicrobial defense via induction of antimicrobial peptides.Observational studies consistently report lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in affected children,particularly those with allergic sensitization.Select randomized controlled trials suggest clinical improvement with supplementation,especially at doses>2000 IU/day in deficient individuals.In AR,epidemiological data indicate stronger inverse associations with seasonal(pollen-induced)disease.Proposed mechanisms include modulation of dendritic cells,regulatory T cells,T helper 2 cytokines,and mucosal barrier integrity.The shared immunopathogenesis of AD and AR underscores vitamin D’s relevance.Although promising,clinical evidence remains heterogeneous.Future research should prioritize phenotype-stratified trials to clarify optimal dosing,timing,and individual response determinants,including genetics and microbiome composition.
文摘BACKGROUND Post-transplant diabetes mellitus(PTDM)adversely affects graft survival and is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.Observational studies in the general population as well as the post-transplant setting suggest an association between the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]level and onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Literature is very limited in the context of PTDM.AIM To study the relationship between vitamin D deficiency at the time of kidney transplant and PTDM in the post-transplant period.METHODS In this single center study,72 patients who underwent kidney transplant were included.Blood samples for serum vitamin D level were collected on the day of transplant and analyzed at the end of study.The LIAISON®25(OH)D assay was used for quantitative estimation of total 25(OH)D in the serum.PTDM was diagnosed by either fasting plasma glucose(>126 mg/dL),2-h post prandial plasma glucose(>200 mg/dL),or 2-h oral glucose tolerance test after 45 days post-transplant.Hemoglobin A1c was not used to diagnose PTDM.Vitamin D levels were labeled as sufficient(≥30.0 ng/mL),insufficient(20.0-29.9 ng/mL),and deficient(<20.0 ng/mL).Patients were reviewed at 45 days and 1 year post transplant for the occurrence of PTDM.RESULTS In our study cohort 72 patients completed the study.Overall,32(43.8%)patients developed PTDM during the follow up of 1 year,44(61.1%)patients had deficient(<20 ng/mL)25(OH)D levels.Twenty-six(81.2%)patients with PTDM had deficient vitamin D levels as compared with 18(45.0%)patients without PTDM(P=0.007).This association was also significant when univariable[odds ratio(OR)=5.3,95%confidence interval(CI):1.79-15.67,P=0.003)]and multivariable(OR=8.21,95%CI:2.19-30.75,P=0.002)regression analysis was performed.A higher proportion of subjects having PTDM(15.6%)had a positive family history of diabetes mellitus than the controls(2.5%)(P=0.045).However,this association did not persist in the multivariable regression analysis(OR=12.6,95%CI:0.86-185.4,P=0.065).CONCLUSION Deficient vitamin D levels(<20 ng/mL)were significantly associated with PTDM in the post kidney transplant setting.Further studies are needed to see the effect of vitamin D replacement on PTDM.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170406 and No.81970238.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),a critical global health concern,continues to challenge medical researchers with limited treatment options.This letter examines on the study by Luo et al,demonstrating that vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]improves hepatic steatosis in NAFLD by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization via the vitamin D receptor-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma signaling pathway.This letter critically appraises these findings,comparing them to similar studies,and discusses their potential implications for treating NAFLD.Furthermore,we highlight future directions,including dose optimization and mechanistic studies.
文摘BACKGROUND The existing semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system inadequately evaluates synovial hypertrophy at the dorsal recess of the first metatarsophalangeal joint(MTPJ).Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and may influence joint inflammation.This study hypothesizes that serum 25-hydro-xyvitamin D[25(OH)D]levels are inversely associated with synovial hypertrophy severity of the first MTPJ in patients with T2DM.AIM To refine ultrasound grading for the first MTPJ synovial hypertrophy and inves-tigate its association with vitamin D in T2DM.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 56 patients(112 MTPJs)with T2DM from Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital.Synovial hypertrophy was evaluated using a refined semi-quantitative ultrasound grading system focusing on the dorsal recess overlying the metatarsal bone.Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured.Logistic regression and threshold analyses assessed associations between vitamin D status and hypertrophy severity.RESULTS Of 112 joints assessed,98 exhibited synovial hypertrophy(grade 1:40;grade 2:50;grade 3:8).The refined grading system demonstrated strong intra-and inter-observer reliability(intraclass correlation coefficients=0.79 and 0.73,respectively).Lower serum 25(OH)D(<24.3 ng/mL)was independently associated with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy[odds ratio(OR)=0.83;P=0.0163].Vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the likelihood of moderate-to-severe hypertrophy compared with non-deficiency(OR=3.86;P=0.0422).Threshold analysis identified 23.8 ng/mL as a critical serum 25(OH)D level,below which each increment reduced moderate-to-severe hypertrophy risk by 21%(OR=0.79;P=0.0078).CONCLUSION The refined ultrasound grading system demonstrated strong reliability.Serum 25(OH)D may serve as a protective factor against the severity of synovial hypertrophy in T2DM patients with lower 25(OH)D levels.
基金Grants from "Forschung für die Praxis" of the Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst to Birringer Mgrants from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to Lorkowski S as an acknowledgement to the national institutions that currently support our research in the field of vitamin E and its long-chain metabolites
文摘Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their sidechain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.
基金supported in part by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement (Grant No. ZW201813)supported by the high-performance computing platform at the Bioinformatics Center of Nanjing Agricultural University。
文摘Ascorbic acid, also referred to as vitamin C(Vc), is an important nutrient found in fruits and vegetables that promotes produce quality and human health. Rosa roxburghii is an underutilized natural fruit that contains very high levels of Vc. However, the Vc content of R. roxburghii varies considerably during plant development and ripening. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie fluctuations in Vc content of R. roxburghii fruit at different developmental stages, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses and identified two significant gene networks/modules and 168 transcription factors directly involved in Vc synthesis. Promoter analysis of two core genes involved in Vc synthesis, RrGGP and RrGalUR, revealed the presence of a retroviral long terminal repeat(LTR) insert in the RrGalUR promoter. Using yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the transcription factors RrHY5H and RrZIP9 bind to the promoter of RrGGP to promote its expression. RrZIP6 and RrWRKY4 bind to the LTR in the RrGalUR promoter to promote its expression. Our results reveal a molecular mechanism that controls Vc synthesis and accumulation in R. roxburghii fruit.
基金supported by grants from the Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,China(Grant No.:ZY2019014)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang,China(Grant No.:2022C03144)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:82172494,and 82372461).
文摘Ferroptosis of chondrocytes is a significant contributor to osteoarthritis(OA),for which there is still a lack of safe and effective therapeutic drugs targeting ferroptosis.Here,we screen for anti-ferroptotic drugs in Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug library via a high-throughput manner in chondrocytes.We identified a group of FDA-approved anti-ferroptotic drugs,among which vitamin K showed the most powerful protective effect.Further study demonstrated that vitamin K effectively inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated the extracellular matrix(ECM)degradation in chondrocytes.Intra-articular injection of vitamin K inhibited ferroptosis and alleviated OA phenotype in destabilization of the medial meniscus(DMM)mouse model.Mechanistically,transcriptome sequencing and knockdown experiments revealed that the anti-ferroptotic effects of vitamin K depended on growth arrest-specific 6(Gas6).Furthermore,exogenous expression of Gas6 was found to inhibit ferroptosis through the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase(AXL)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase(AKT)axis.Together,we demonstrate that vitamin K inhibits ferroptosis and alleviates OA progression via enhancing Gas6 expression and its downstream pathway of AXL/PI3K/AKT axis,indicating vitamin K as well as Gas6 to serve as a potential therapeutic target for OA and other ferroptosis-related diseases.
文摘Objective Vitamin deficiencies,particularly in vitamins A,B12,and D,are prevalent across populations and contribute significantly to a range of health issues.While these deficiencies are well documented,the underlying etiology remains complex.Recent studies suggest a close link between the gut microbiota and the synthesis,absorption,and metabolism of these vitamins.However,the specific causal relationships between the gut microbiota composition and vitamin deficiencies remain poorly understood.Identifying key bacterial species and understanding their role in vitamin metabolism could provide critical insights for targeted interventions.Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study to assess the causal relationship between the gut microbiota and vitamin deficiencies(A,B12,D).The genome-wide association study data for vitamin deficiencies were sourced from the FinnGen biobank,and the gut microbiota data were from the MiBioGen consortium.MR analyses included inverse variance-weighted(IVW),MR‒Egger,weighted median,and weighted mode approaches.Sensitivity analyses and reverse causality assessments were performed to ensure robustness and validate the findings.Results After FDR adjustment,vitamin B12 deficiency was associated with the class Verrucomicrobiae,order Verrucomicrobiales,family Verrucomicrobiaceae,and genus Akkermansia.Vitamin A deficiency was associated with the phylum Firmicutes and the genera Fusicatenibacter and Ruminiclostridium 6.Additional associations for vitamin B12 deficiency included the Enterobacteriaceae and Rhodospirillaceae and the genera Coprococcus 2,Lactococcus,and Ruminococcaceae UCG002.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the genera Allisonella,Eubacterium,and Tyzzerella 3.Lachnospiraceae and Lactococcus were common risk factors for both B12 and D deficiency.Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings against heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy,and reverse MR tests indicated no evidence of reverse causality.Conclusions Our findings reveal a possible causal relationship between specific gut microbiota characteristics and vitamin A,B12 and D deficiencies,providing a theoretical basis for addressing these nutritional deficiencies through the modulation of the gut microbiota in the future and laying the groundwork for related interventions.
文摘Introduction: Vitamin D plays a key role in phosphocalcic metabolism, in normal functioning of the immune system and in the prevention of certain forms of cancer. Systematic vitamin D supplementation has been implemented in most Western countries, which has drastically reduced the prevalence of rickets. In Senegal, a country with enough sunshine, no large-scale data exists on vitamin D deficiency in children. In addition, there are no guidelines from the Ministry of Health and Social Action (MoHSA) on vitamin D supplementation. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children aged 6 to 59 months and to analyze the factors associated with it at the Institute of Social Pediatrics in Pikine-Guédiawaye, a suburb of Dakar. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study over a 3-month period (from January to March 2024) at the Institute of Social Pediatric (IPS) of Pikine-Guédiawaye. The study population consisted of all children aged 6 to 59 months free from any acute or chronic pathology, whose parents had agreed to answer the questionnaires after having consented and signed the consent and children who had had a sample taken for vitamin D dosage. Results: We included 102 children, 35 of whom had vitamin D deficiency, i.e. a prevalence of 34.31% with a slight male predominance (sex ratio 1.05). Infants aged 13 - 24 months were more affected (41.67%), but the difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.385). Patients with acute malnutrition had a significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (54.17% of cases versus 28.38%) in those without acute malnutrition (p = 0.02). On the other hand, chronic malnutrition, underweight and diversification foods were not significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p of 0.60, 0.42 and 0.09 respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin deficiency affects one-third of apparently healthy children under 5 and this deficiency has no significant relationship with diversification foods. This suggests that the observed vitamin D deficiencies are less related to diet than to lack of sun exposure.
文摘School-aged children and their health conditions, in particular, deficient conditions are not less note worthy than in younger children, while the recognition of present low vitamin D provision in children of all age groups has not still resulted in implementation of mass prophylaxis of hypovitaminosis D. There are several factors on which blood concentration of 25 （OH） D--calcidiol-depends. However, it is evident that among numerous factors we should orient on several most significant and develop correction scheme for the deficient condition in every region. Aim： to assess vitamin D levels in adolescents residing in Moscow, to correct their calcidiol status based on a baseline blood concentration of the transport metabolite. Materials and methods： 769 adolescents aged 11-18 years were examined and their blood concentration of 25 （OH） D was determined. Then, 218 patients were randomized to 2 groups： the treatment group received food supplement ＂Minisun~ Vitamin D3＂ in tablets, the control group received placebo. Cholecalciferol dosage was prescribed depending on the baseline calcidiol level in patients. The study continued for 6 months, after that blood was re-withdrawn for calcidiol level. Results： low calcidiol provision was observed among school children： median 25 （OH） D was 16.3 [11.4-20.8] ng/mL, only 5.2% of patients had normal blood concentration of calcidiol. There-examination showed significant differences in vitamin D status in the treatment and control group, in the meantime, during cholecalciferol supplementation, median 25 （OH） D in patients of the treatment group was increased from 16.2 [ 12.25-19.3] ng/mL to 24.2 [21.05-26.4] ng/mL （p 〈 0.001）. Conclusions： the larger part of child population--70.6% has 25 （OH） D concentration 〈 20 ng/mL, cholecalciferol doses used in the study allow eliminating calcidiol deficiency and overcome the boundary of 20 ng/mL, but for normalization of vitamin D status in blood of adolescents residing in Moscow higher dosages shall be used which is to be confirmed by further studies.
基金funded by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82204071,81874268 and 82173539)grant of the Scientific Research of BSKY from Anhui Medical University(0303033201)grant of Natural Scientific Research Priority Project of Anhui Higher Education Institution(KJ2021A0228).
文摘Vitamin D deficiency(VDD)has emerged as a major nutritional problem among children and adolescents.Numerous studies have documented the adverse health effects of VDD,including conditions such as chronic kidney diseases,hypoparathyroidism,and autoimmune diseases.Nevertheless,these studies were conducted only in adults and among individuals with underlying medical conditions.Adolescence is at a unique stage of growth,where nutritional deficiencies may have profound implications on their future health.Thus,there is an urgent need to conduct research on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on adolescent health.
文摘Background:Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern,and exploring natural sources,particularly traditional medicinal plants,may offer a novel approach to addressing this widespread issue.This study investigates the prevalence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in indigenous medicinal plants,such as Solanum torvum,Solanum nigrum,Solanum xanthocarpum,Psoralea cordifolia,Cissus quadrangularis,and the resin Commiphora mukul,and Laccifer lacca.Methods:Vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) compounds were detected and quantified using advanced reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.A refined technique for sample preparation was employed,which involved an overnight cold saponification process.This method was used to enhance the extraction of vitamin D molecules.The accuracy and reliability of the HPLC method were validated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)/MS analysis.Results:The investigation revealed the remarkable presence of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in the chosen plant specimens.Significant amounts of vitamin D_(2) were found in Laccifer lacca and Psoralea cordifolia,however,vitamin D_(3) was only detected in Cissus quadrangularis and Solanum xanthocarpum.The revised approaches exhibited significant precision and accuracy,hence enhancing the reliability of the findings.Conclusion:The identification of vitamin D_(2) and D_(3) in these plants underscores their historical therapeutic significance for supporting bone health and indicates their potential as beneficial natural sources of vitamin D.This research advances understanding of the phytochemical features of these plants,facilitating future development of nutraceuticals and therapeutic applications.
文摘Malignant tumors are heterogeneous diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation,invasion,metastasis,and/or recurrence of their malignancies.In particular,cancer stem cells(CSCs)within these tumors might be responsible for the property of invasiveness and/or therapies-resistance.CSCs are a self-renewing,awfully tumorigenic subpopulation of cancer cells,which are notorious for strong chemoresistance and are frequently responsible the aggravated invasion,metastasis,and/or recurrence.Developing targeting therapies against CSCs,therefore,may be deliberated a more encouraging mission for the greater cancer therapy.Innovation for a more potent anti-CSC treatment has been required as soon as possible.Interestingly,vitamin D could modulate the inflammatory condition of the tumor microenvironment(TME)by successfully affecting CSCs,which has an imperative role in determining the malignant phenotype of CSCs.In addition,vitamin D may also contribute to the regulation of the malignant behaviors of CSCs.Consistently,vitamin D could have potential applications for the significant inhibition of several tumor growths within various cancer therapies.The biological significance of vitamin D for CSCs regulation may be involved in the function of APRO family proteins.Therefore,vitamin D could be one of the innovative therapeutic modalities for the development of novel CSCs related tumor therapies.
