Fig.1.The GenomeSyn tool for visualizing genome synteny and characterizing structural variations.A:The first synteny visualization map showed the detailed information of two or three genomes and can display structural...Fig.1.The GenomeSyn tool for visualizing genome synteny and characterizing structural variations.A:The first synteny visualization map showed the detailed information of two or three genomes and can display structural variations and other annotation information.B:The second type of visualization map was simple and only showed the synteny relationship between the chromosomes of two or three genomes.C:Multiplatform general GenomeSyn submission page,applicable to Windows,MAC and web platforms;other analysis files can be entered in the"other"option.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding is a catastrophic complication of portal hypertension,most commonly caused by cirrhosis of various etiologies.Although a considerable body of research has been condu...BACKGROUND Esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding is a catastrophic complication of portal hypertension,most commonly caused by cirrhosis of various etiologies.Although a considerable body of research has been conducted in this area,the complexity of the disease and the lack of standardized treatment strategies have led to fragmented findings,insufficient information,and a lack of systematic investigation.Bibliometric analysis can help clarify research trends,identify core topics,and reveal potential future directions.Therefore,this study aims to use bibliometric methods to conduct an in-depth exploration of research progress in this field,with the expectation of providing new insights for both clinical practice and scientific research.AIM To evaluate research trends and advancements in esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)over the past twenty years.METHODS Relevant publications on EGVB were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.VOSviewer,Pajek,CiteSpace,and the bibliometrix package were then employed to perform bibliometric visualizations of publication volume,countries,institutions,journals,authors,keywords,and citation counts.RESULTS The analysis focused on original research articles and review papers.From 2004 to 2023,a total of 2097 records on EGVB were retrieved.The number of relevant publications has increased significantly over the past two decades,especially in China and the United States.The leading contributors in this field,in terms of countries,institutions,authors,and journals,were China,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,Bosch Jaime,and World Journal of Gastroenterology,respectively.Core keywords in this field include portal hypertension,management,liver cirrhosis,risk,prevention,and diagnosis.Future research directions may focus on optimizing diagnostic methods,personalized treatment,and multidisciplinary collaboration.CONCLUSION Using bibliometric methods,this study reveals the developmental trajectory and trends in research on EGVB,underscoring risk assessment and diagnostic optimization as the core areas of current focus.The study provides an innovative and systematic perspective for this field,indicating that future research could center on multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment approaches,and the development of new diagnostic tools.Moreover,this work offers practical research directions for both the academic community and clinical practice,driving continued advancement in this domain.展开更多
Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant ad...Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.展开更多
This research documents and visualizes the intricate relationships among sunlight,built form,and public life specifically within Toronto’s core.Utilizing photographs and stop-motion videos,the study captured the dyna...This research documents and visualizes the intricate relationships among sunlight,built form,and public life specifically within Toronto’s core.Utilizing photographs and stop-motion videos,the study captured the dynamic movement of sunlight and observed corresponding differences in human behavior under varying light conditions.Maps and diagrams,generated using Rhino3D/Ladybug software,were employed to visualize the annual sunlight conditions throughout the defined study area.Building upon existing scholarship,this research affirms a strong relationship between sunlight and public life,noting that this relationship shifts with the changing seasons.The study concludes with a series of recommendations focused on the protection,expansion,and intensification of public space exposed to winter sunlight,particularly along pedestrian-oriented shopping streets,and advocates for the strategic use of large deciduous trees to manage sunlight across different seasons.The rapid transformation of downtown Toronto’s built form necessitates swift action to address these issues.While the research and its recommendations are centered on Toronto,they are potentially applicable to other cities that share similar climates,sunlight conditions,and built environments.展开更多
Using Xenon lamp lights to overcome the strong interference from the welding arc, a computer-based system is developed to sense and visualize the metal transfer in GMAW. This system combines through-the-arc sensing of...Using Xenon lamp lights to overcome the strong interference from the welding arc, a computer-based system is developed to sense and visualize the metal transfer in GMAW. This system combines through-the-arc sensing of the welding current and arc voltage with high speed imaging of the metal transfer. It can simultaneously display the metal transfer processes and waveforms of electrical welding parameters in real-time The metal transfer videos and waveforms of electrical welding parameters can be recorded. Metal transfers under various welding conditions have been investigated with the system developed.展开更多
The systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs in vivo to transfect specific cell targets requires delivery systems with great serum stability and optimized pharmacokinetics
High-moisture extrusion technology should be considered one of the best choices for producing plant-based meat substitutes with the rich fibrous structure offered by real animal meat products.Unfortunately,the extrusi...High-moisture extrusion technology should be considered one of the best choices for producing plant-based meat substitutes with the rich fibrous structure offered by real animal meat products.Unfortunately,the extrusion process has been seen as a“black box”with limited information about what occurs inside,causing serious obstacles in developing meat substitutes.This study designed a high-moisture extrusion process and developed 10 new plant-based meat substitutes comparable to the fibrous structure of real animal meat.The study used the Feature-Augmented Principal Component Analysis(FA-PCA)method to visualize and understand the whole extrusion process in three ways systematically and accurately.It established six sets of mathematical models of the high-moisture extrusion process based on 8000 pieces of data,including five types of parameters.The FA-PCA method improved the R^(2) values significantly compared with the PCA method.The Way 3 was the best to predict product quality(Z),demonstrating that the gradually molecular conformational changes(Y^(n'))were critical in controlling the final quality of the plant-based meat substitutes.Moreover,the first visualization platform software for the high-moisture extrusion process has been established to clearly show the“black box”by combining the virtual simulation technology.Through the software,some practice work such as equipment installation,parameter adjustment,equipment disassembly,and data prediction can be easily achieved.展开更多
Although association rule mining is an important pattern recognition and data analysis technique, extracting and finding significant rules from a large collection has always been challenging. The ability of informatio...Although association rule mining is an important pattern recognition and data analysis technique, extracting and finding significant rules from a large collection has always been challenging. The ability of information visualization to enable users to gain an understanding of high dimensional and large-scale data can play a major role in the exploration, identification, and interpretation of association rules. In this paper, we propose a method that provides multiple views of the association rules, linked together through a filtering mechanism. A visual inspection of the entire association rule set is enabled within a matrix view. Items of interest can be selected, resulting in their corresponding association rules being shown in a graph view. At any time, individual rules can be selected in either view, resulting in their information being shown in the detail view. The fundamental premise in this work is that by providing such a visual and interactive representation of the association rules, users will be able to find important rules quickly and easily, even as the number of rules that must be inspected becomes large. A user evaluation was conducted which validates this premise.展开更多
With the utilization of underground space,backward erosion piping(BEP)has been observed in many underground structures(e.g.,shield tunnels)founded on sandy aquifers.However,due to invisibility,the geometry of the erod...With the utilization of underground space,backward erosion piping(BEP)has been observed in many underground structures(e.g.,shield tunnels)founded on sandy aquifers.However,due to invisibility,the geometry of the eroded pipe and its spatial evolution with time during the piping process was still not clear.In this study,we developed a Hele-Shaw cell to visualize the dynamic progression of BEP.With imaging process technology,we obtained a typical process of BEP(the erosion process can be divided into a piping progression phase and a piping stabilization phase),quantitatively characterized the formation of erosion pipes,and compared the patterns of erosion(e.g.,the erosion area A and the maximum erosion radius R)that spontaneously develop under different fluxes of water.The most interesting finding is that the sand grains in a thicker Hele-Shaw model are easier to dislodge,which is possibly due to the granular system in a thicker model having more degrees of freedom,reducing the stability of the sand grains.展开更多
Streamsurfaces in diffusion tensor fields are used to represent structures with pri- marily planar diffusion. So far, however, no effort has been made on the visualization of the anisotropy of diffusion on them, altho...Streamsurfaces in diffusion tensor fields are used to represent structures with pri- marily planar diffusion. So far, however, no effort has been made on the visualization of the anisotropy of diffusion on them, although this information is very important to identify the problematic regions of these structures. We propose two methods to display this anisotropy information. The first one employs a set of merging ellipsoids, which simultaneously character- ize the local tensor details - anisotropy - on them and portray the shape of the streamsurfaces. The weight between the streamsurfaces continuity and the discrete local tensors can be inter- actively adjusted by changing some given parameters. The second one generates a dense LIC （line integral convolution） texture of the two tangent eigenvector fields along the streamsurfaces firstly, and then blends in some color mapping indicating the anisotropy information. For high speed and high quality of texture images, we confine both the generation and the advection of the LIC texture in the image space. Merging ellipsoids method reveals the entire anisotropy information at discrete points by exploiting the geometric attribute of ellipsoids, and thus suits for local and detailed examination of the anisotropy; the texture-based method gives a global representation of the anisotropy on the whole streamsurfaces with texture and color attributes. To reveal the anisotropy information more efficiently, we integrate the two methods and use them at two different levels of details.展开更多
Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visu...Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visualization of research co-authoring patterns. Design/methodology/approach： We compile publications by 45 researchers in each of 1） the iUTAH project, which we consider here to be analogous to a ＂research center,＂ 2） CG1-a comparison group of participants in two other Utah environmental research centers, and 3） CG2--a comparison group of Utah university environmental researchers not associated with a research center. We draw bibliometric data from Web of Science and from Google Scholar. We gather publications for a period before iUTAH had been established （2010-2012） and a period after （2014-2016）. We compare these research outputs in terms of publications and citations thereto. We also measure interdisciplinarity using Integration scoring and generate science overlay maps to locate the research publications across disciplines. Findings： We find that participation in the iUTAH project appears to increase research outputs （publications in the After period） and increase research citation rates relative to the comparison group researchers （although CG 1 research remains most cited, as it was in the Before period）. Most notably, participation in iUTAH markedly increases co-authoring among researchers--in general; and for junior, as well as senior, faculty; for men and women： across organizations; and across disciplines. Research limitations： The quasi-experimental design necessarily generates suggestive, not definitively causal, findings because of the imperfect controls. Practical implications： This study demonstrates a viable approach for research assessment of a center or program for which random assignment of control groups is not possible. It illustrates use of bibliometric indicators to inform R＆D program management. Originality/value： New visualizations of researcher collaboration provide compelling comparisons of the extent and nature of social networking among target cohorts.展开更多
Intravenous cannulation is the most important phase in medical practices.Currently,limited literature is available about visibility of veins and the characteristics of patients associated with difficult intravenous ac...Intravenous cannulation is the most important phase in medical practices.Currently,limited literature is available about visibility of veins and the characteristics of patients associated with difficult intravenous access.In modern medical treatment,a major challenge is locating veins for patients who have difficult venous access.Presently,some products of vein locators are available in the market to improve vein access,but they need auxiliary equipment such as near infrared(NIR)illumination and camera,which add weight and cost to the devices,and cause inconveniences to daily medical care.In this paper,a vein visualization algorithm based on the deep learning method was proposed.Based on a group of synchronous RGB/NIR arm images,a convolutional neural network(CNN)model was designed to implement the mapping from RGB to NIR images,where veins can be detected from skin.The model has a simple structure and less optimization parameters.A color transfer scheme was also proposed to make the network adaptive to the images taken by smartphone in daily medical treatments.Comprehensive experiments were conducted on three datasets to evaluate the proposed method.Subjective and objective evaluations showed the effec-tiveness of the proposed method.These results indicated that the deep learning-based method can be used for visualizing veins in medical care applications.展开更多
This study presents a visualized approach for tracking joint surface morphology.Three-dimensional laser scanning(3DLS)and 3D printing(3DP)techniques are adopted to record progressive failure during rock joint shearing...This study presents a visualized approach for tracking joint surface morphology.Three-dimensional laser scanning(3DLS)and 3D printing(3DP)techniques are adopted to record progressive failure during rock joint shearing.The 3DP resin is used to create transparent specimens to reproduce the surface morphology of a natural joint precisely.The freezing method is employed to enhance the mechanical properties of the 3DP specimens to reproduce the properties of hard rock more accurately.A video camera containing a charge-coupled device(CCD)camera is utilized to record the evolution of damaged area of joint surface during the direct shear test.The optimal shooting distance and shooting angle are recommended to be 800 mm and 40?,respectively.The images captured by the CCD camera are corrected to quantitatively describe the damaged area on the joint surface.Verification indicates that this method can accurately describe the total sheared areas at different shear stages.These findings may contribute to elucidating the shear behavior of rock joints.展开更多
Pore structures of porous media and properties of fluid flow are key factors for the study of non-Darcy groundwater flow. However, it is difficult to directly observe pore structures and flow properties, resulting in ...Pore structures of porous media and properties of fluid flow are key factors for the study of non-Darcy groundwater flow. However, it is difficult to directly observe pore structures and flow properties, resulting in a "black box" problem of porous media. This problem has hindered the in-depth study of the groundwater flow mechanism at the pore scale. In recent years, 3D rapid prototyping technology has seen tremendous development. 3D printing provides digital models and printing models of porous media with clear internal structure. Thus, Lattice Boltzmann Method can be used to simulate the flow processes at the pore scale based on real pore structures. In this study, 3D printing cores and Lattice Boltzmann Method were coupled to conduct both laboratory and numerical experiments in spherical porous media with different sphere diameters and periodic arrays. The LBM simulation results show a good agreement with laboratory experimental results. With the advantages of LBM and 3D printing, this approach provides a visualization of the complex pore structure and fluid flow in pores, which is a promising method for studies of non-Darcy groundwater flow at the pore scale.展开更多
Cleats are the main channels for fluid transport in coal reservoirs.However,the microscale flow characteristics of both gas and water phases in primary cleats have not been fully studied as yet.Accordingly,the local m...Cleats are the main channels for fluid transport in coal reservoirs.However,the microscale flow characteristics of both gas and water phases in primary cleats have not been fully studied as yet.Accordingly,the local morphological features of the cleat were determined using image processing technology and a transparent cleat structure model was constructed by microfluidic lithography using the multiphase fluid visualization test system.Besides,the effect of microchannel tortuosity characteristics on two‐phase flow was analyzed in this study.The results are as follows:(1)The local width of the original cleat structure of coal was strongly nonhomogeneous.The cleats showed contraction and expansion in the horizontal direction and undulating characteristics in the vertical direction.(2)The transient flow velocity fluctuated due to the structural characteristics of the primary cleat.The water‐driven gas interface showed concave and convex instability during flow,whereas the gas‐driven water interface presented a relatively stable concave surface.(3)The meniscus advanced in a symmetrical pattern in the flat channel,and the flow stagnated due to the influence of undulation points in a partially curved channel.The flow would continue only when the meniscus surface bypassed the stagnation point and reached a new equilibrium position.(4)Enhanced shearing at the gas-liquid interface increased the gas‐injection pressure,which in turn increased residual liquids in wall grooves and liquid films on the wall surface.展开更多
Decision makers’ choices are often influenced by visual background information. This study uses open-ended equity funds in Taiwan to investigate three well-known optimal portfolio models, including the mean-variance,...Decision makers’ choices are often influenced by visual background information. This study uses open-ended equity funds in Taiwan to investigate three well-known optimal portfolio models, including the mean-variance, maximin, and minimization of mean absolute deviation. The optimal portfolios are then visualized on Decision Balls to assist investors in making investment decisions. By observing the Decision Balls, investors can see the optimal portfolios, compare the optimal weights provided by the different models, view the cluster of funds, and even find substitute funds if preferred funds are not available.展开更多
1 Introduction Geological outcrops or sections are the basis of geological research.However,the traditional methods for presenting them are mainly photos which fall short of delivering a true visual sense (Deng et al....1 Introduction Geological outcrops or sections are the basis of geological research.However,the traditional methods for presenting them are mainly photos which fall short of delivering a true visual sense (Deng et al.,2009;Hou et al.,2014).With the continuous development of image acquisition technology using single-lens reflex camera (SLR camera),image synthesis,large file storage and acquisition,panoramic visualization and network technology.展开更多
The value of visuals used in public earthquake education is a theme essentially unexplored.This Los Angeles-based study is a preliminary investigation into this topic,focusing on the pioneering 2008 ShakeOut Southern ...The value of visuals used in public earthquake education is a theme essentially unexplored.This Los Angeles-based study is a preliminary investigation into this topic,focusing on the pioneering 2008 ShakeOut Southern California public earthquake drill: the largest earthquake drill in US history.The ShakeOut scenario is based on a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurring on the San Andreas Fault,and展开更多
Scholarly communication of knowledge is predominantly document-based in digital repositories,and researchers find it tedious to automatically capture and process the semantics among related articles.Despite the presen...Scholarly communication of knowledge is predominantly document-based in digital repositories,and researchers find it tedious to automatically capture and process the semantics among related articles.Despite the present digital era of big data,there is a lack of visual representations of the knowledge present in scholarly articles,and a time-saving approach for a literature search and visual navigation is warranted.The majority of knowledge display tools cannot cope with current big data trends and pose limitations in meeting the requirements of automatic knowledge representation,storage,and dynamic visualization.To address this limitation,the main aim of this paper is to model the visualization of unstructured data and explore the feasibility of achieving visual navigation for researchers to gain insight into the knowledge hidden in scientific articles of digital repositories.Contemporary topics of research and practice,including modifiable risk factors leading to a dramatic increase in Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia,warrant deeper insight into the evidence-based knowledge available in the literature.The goal is to provide researchers with a visual-based easy traversal through a digital repository of research articles.This paper takes the first step in proposing a novel integrated model using knowledge maps and next-generation graph datastores to achieve a semantic visualization with domain-specific knowledge,such as dementia risk factors.The model facilitates a deep conceptual understanding of the literature by automatically establishing visual relationships among the extracted knowledge from the big data resources of research articles.It also serves as an automated tool for a visual navigation through the knowledge repository for faster identification of dementia risk factors reported in scholarly articles.Further,it facilitates a semantic visualization and domain-specific knowledge discovery from a large digital repository and their associations.In this study,the implementation of the proposed model in the Neo4j graph data repository,along with the results achieved,is presented as a proof of concept.Using scholarly research articles on dementia risk factors as a case study,automatic knowledge extraction,storage,intelligent search,and visual navigation are illustrated.The implementation of contextual knowledge and its relationship for a visual exploration by researchers show promising results in the knowledge discovery of dementia risk factors.Overall,this study demonstrates the significance of a semantic visualization with the effective use of knowledge maps and paves the way for extending visual modeling capabilities in the future.展开更多
A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dyna...A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dynamic photo-elastic method, this method cannot only show the sound field distribution in liquid and solid at different time moments, but also can be applied to non-transparent solid. In addition, it does not strictly require small residual stress of the sample. The sample can, therefore, be easily made. Because the acoustic field is obtained by indirect measurements, the recording can be affected by the after-shock of the receiving sensor and is prone to the influence of the direct wave of the liquid. Putting an aluminum plate into a liquid, we recorded the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave in the aluminum and, in the liquid we also recorded the direct wave and three head waves, which are directly coupled with the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave respectively. The recording clearly depicts the coupling relationship of the sound waves through the interface between the aluminum and the liquid. Putting a plexiglass into a liquid, we also recorded the sound waves in the plexiglass and the coupling relationship between the sound waves in the two mediums.展开更多
文摘Fig.1.The GenomeSyn tool for visualizing genome synteny and characterizing structural variations.A:The first synteny visualization map showed the detailed information of two or three genomes and can display structural variations and other annotation information.B:The second type of visualization map was simple and only showed the synteny relationship between the chromosomes of two or three genomes.C:Multiplatform general GenomeSyn submission page,applicable to Windows,MAC and web platforms;other analysis files can be entered in the"other"option.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874390 and No.81573948Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.21ZR1464100+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.22S11901700the Shanghai Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine,No.shslczdzk01201.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal and gastric variceal bleeding is a catastrophic complication of portal hypertension,most commonly caused by cirrhosis of various etiologies.Although a considerable body of research has been conducted in this area,the complexity of the disease and the lack of standardized treatment strategies have led to fragmented findings,insufficient information,and a lack of systematic investigation.Bibliometric analysis can help clarify research trends,identify core topics,and reveal potential future directions.Therefore,this study aims to use bibliometric methods to conduct an in-depth exploration of research progress in this field,with the expectation of providing new insights for both clinical practice and scientific research.AIM To evaluate research trends and advancements in esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)over the past twenty years.METHODS Relevant publications on EGVB were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection.VOSviewer,Pajek,CiteSpace,and the bibliometrix package were then employed to perform bibliometric visualizations of publication volume,countries,institutions,journals,authors,keywords,and citation counts.RESULTS The analysis focused on original research articles and review papers.From 2004 to 2023,a total of 2097 records on EGVB were retrieved.The number of relevant publications has increased significantly over the past two decades,especially in China and the United States.The leading contributors in this field,in terms of countries,institutions,authors,and journals,were China,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,Bosch Jaime,and World Journal of Gastroenterology,respectively.Core keywords in this field include portal hypertension,management,liver cirrhosis,risk,prevention,and diagnosis.Future research directions may focus on optimizing diagnostic methods,personalized treatment,and multidisciplinary collaboration.CONCLUSION Using bibliometric methods,this study reveals the developmental trajectory and trends in research on EGVB,underscoring risk assessment and diagnostic optimization as the core areas of current focus.The study provides an innovative and systematic perspective for this field,indicating that future research could center on multidisciplinary collaboration,personalized treatment approaches,and the development of new diagnostic tools.Moreover,this work offers practical research directions for both the academic community and clinical practice,driving continued advancement in this domain.
文摘Graphical abstracts(GAs)are emerging as a pivotal tool in medical literature,enhancing the dissemination and comprehension of complex clinical data through visual summaries.This editorial highlights the significant advantages of GAs,including improved clarity,increased reader engagement,and enhanced visibility of research findings.By transforming intricate scientific data into accessible visual formats,these abstracts facilitate quick and effective knowledge transfer,crucial in clinical decision-making and patient care.However,challenges such as potential data misrepresentation due to oversimplification,the skill gap in graphic design among researchers,and the lack of standardized creation guidelines pose barriers to their widespread adoption.Additionally,while software such as Adobe Illustrator,BioRender,and Canva are commonly employed to create these visuals,not all researchers may be proficient in their use.To address these issues,we recommend that academic journals establish clear guidelines and provide necessary design training to researchers.This proactive approach will ensure the creation of high-quality GAs,promote their standardization,and expand their use in clinical reporting,ultimately benefiting the medical community and improving healthcare outcomes.
文摘This research documents and visualizes the intricate relationships among sunlight,built form,and public life specifically within Toronto’s core.Utilizing photographs and stop-motion videos,the study captured the dynamic movement of sunlight and observed corresponding differences in human behavior under varying light conditions.Maps and diagrams,generated using Rhino3D/Ladybug software,were employed to visualize the annual sunlight conditions throughout the defined study area.Building upon existing scholarship,this research affirms a strong relationship between sunlight and public life,noting that this relationship shifts with the changing seasons.The study concludes with a series of recommendations focused on the protection,expansion,and intensification of public space exposed to winter sunlight,particularly along pedestrian-oriented shopping streets,and advocates for the strategic use of large deciduous trees to manage sunlight across different seasons.The rapid transformation of downtown Toronto’s built form necessitates swift action to address these issues.While the research and its recommendations are centered on Toronto,they are potentially applicable to other cities that share similar climates,sunlight conditions,and built environments.
基金supported by the Opening Project Foundation of MOE Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials and Natural Science foundation of Shandong Province(Grant NO.Y20002F24).
文摘Using Xenon lamp lights to overcome the strong interference from the welding arc, a computer-based system is developed to sense and visualize the metal transfer in GMAW. This system combines through-the-arc sensing of the welding current and arc voltage with high speed imaging of the metal transfer. It can simultaneously display the metal transfer processes and waveforms of electrical welding parameters in real-time The metal transfer videos and waveforms of electrical welding parameters can be recorded. Metal transfers under various welding conditions have been investigated with the system developed.
文摘The systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs in vivo to transfect specific cell targets requires delivery systems with great serum stability and optimized pharmacokinetics
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31901608)the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2021YFC2101402)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2022-IFST)。
文摘High-moisture extrusion technology should be considered one of the best choices for producing plant-based meat substitutes with the rich fibrous structure offered by real animal meat products.Unfortunately,the extrusion process has been seen as a“black box”with limited information about what occurs inside,causing serious obstacles in developing meat substitutes.This study designed a high-moisture extrusion process and developed 10 new plant-based meat substitutes comparable to the fibrous structure of real animal meat.The study used the Feature-Augmented Principal Component Analysis(FA-PCA)method to visualize and understand the whole extrusion process in three ways systematically and accurately.It established six sets of mathematical models of the high-moisture extrusion process based on 8000 pieces of data,including five types of parameters.The FA-PCA method improved the R^(2) values significantly compared with the PCA method.The Way 3 was the best to predict product quality(Z),demonstrating that the gradually molecular conformational changes(Y^(n'))were critical in controlling the final quality of the plant-based meat substitutes.Moreover,the first visualization platform software for the high-moisture extrusion process has been established to clearly show the“black box”by combining the virtual simulation technology.Through the software,some practice work such as equipment installation,parameter adjustment,equipment disassembly,and data prediction can be easily achieved.
文摘Although association rule mining is an important pattern recognition and data analysis technique, extracting and finding significant rules from a large collection has always been challenging. The ability of information visualization to enable users to gain an understanding of high dimensional and large-scale data can play a major role in the exploration, identification, and interpretation of association rules. In this paper, we propose a method that provides multiple views of the association rules, linked together through a filtering mechanism. A visual inspection of the entire association rule set is enabled within a matrix view. Items of interest can be selected, resulting in their corresponding association rules being shown in a graph view. At any time, individual rules can be selected in either view, resulting in their information being shown in the detail view. The fundamental premise in this work is that by providing such a visual and interactive representation of the association rules, users will be able to find important rules quickly and easily, even as the number of rules that must be inspected becomes large. A user evaluation was conducted which validates this premise.
基金the National Engineering Laboratory for Digital Construction and Evaluation Technology of Urban Rail Transit(No.2021GY01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41630641)。
文摘With the utilization of underground space,backward erosion piping(BEP)has been observed in many underground structures(e.g.,shield tunnels)founded on sandy aquifers.However,due to invisibility,the geometry of the eroded pipe and its spatial evolution with time during the piping process was still not clear.In this study,we developed a Hele-Shaw cell to visualize the dynamic progression of BEP.With imaging process technology,we obtained a typical process of BEP(the erosion process can be divided into a piping progression phase and a piping stabilization phase),quantitatively characterized the formation of erosion pipes,and compared the patterns of erosion(e.g.,the erosion area A and the maximum erosion radius R)that spontaneously develop under different fluxes of water.The most interesting finding is that the sand grains in a thicker Hele-Shaw model are easier to dislodge,which is possibly due to the granular system in a thicker model having more degrees of freedom,reducing the stability of the sand grains.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61070233)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(2011JM1006)
文摘Streamsurfaces in diffusion tensor fields are used to represent structures with pri- marily planar diffusion. So far, however, no effort has been made on the visualization of the anisotropy of diffusion on them, although this information is very important to identify the problematic regions of these structures. We propose two methods to display this anisotropy information. The first one employs a set of merging ellipsoids, which simultaneously character- ize the local tensor details - anisotropy - on them and portray the shape of the streamsurfaces. The weight between the streamsurfaces continuity and the discrete local tensors can be inter- actively adjusted by changing some given parameters. The second one generates a dense LIC （line integral convolution） texture of the two tangent eigenvector fields along the streamsurfaces firstly, and then blends in some color mapping indicating the anisotropy information. For high speed and high quality of texture images, we confine both the generation and the advection of the LIC texture in the image space. Merging ellipsoids method reveals the entire anisotropy information at discrete points by exploiting the geometric attribute of ellipsoids, and thus suits for local and detailed examination of the anisotropy; the texture-based method gives a global representation of the anisotropy on the whole streamsurfaces with texture and color attributes. To reveal the anisotropy information more efficiently, we integrate the two methods and use them at two different levels of details.
基金The five-year "innovative Urban Transitions and Aridregion Hydro-sustainability" (iUTAH) project was initiated in 2012 with support from the US National Science Foundation’s (NSF) "Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research" (EPSCo R, award # OIA-1208732)
文摘Purpose： This paper presents findings of a quasi-experimental assessment to gauge the research productivity and degree of interdisciplinarity of research center outputs. Of special interest, we share an enriched visualization of research co-authoring patterns. Design/methodology/approach： We compile publications by 45 researchers in each of 1） the iUTAH project, which we consider here to be analogous to a ＂research center,＂ 2） CG1-a comparison group of participants in two other Utah environmental research centers, and 3） CG2--a comparison group of Utah university environmental researchers not associated with a research center. We draw bibliometric data from Web of Science and from Google Scholar. We gather publications for a period before iUTAH had been established （2010-2012） and a period after （2014-2016）. We compare these research outputs in terms of publications and citations thereto. We also measure interdisciplinarity using Integration scoring and generate science overlay maps to locate the research publications across disciplines. Findings： We find that participation in the iUTAH project appears to increase research outputs （publications in the After period） and increase research citation rates relative to the comparison group researchers （although CG 1 research remains most cited, as it was in the Before period）. Most notably, participation in iUTAH markedly increases co-authoring among researchers--in general; and for junior, as well as senior, faculty; for men and women： across organizations; and across disciplines. Research limitations： The quasi-experimental design necessarily generates suggestive, not definitively causal, findings because of the imperfect controls. Practical implications： This study demonstrates a viable approach for research assessment of a center or program for which random assignment of control groups is not possible. It illustrates use of bibliometric indicators to inform R＆D program management. Originality/value： New visualizations of researcher collaboration provide compelling comparisons of the extent and nature of social networking among target cohorts.
基金supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.NS2019016”
文摘Intravenous cannulation is the most important phase in medical practices.Currently,limited literature is available about visibility of veins and the characteristics of patients associated with difficult intravenous access.In modern medical treatment,a major challenge is locating veins for patients who have difficult venous access.Presently,some products of vein locators are available in the market to improve vein access,but they need auxiliary equipment such as near infrared(NIR)illumination and camera,which add weight and cost to the devices,and cause inconveniences to daily medical care.In this paper,a vein visualization algorithm based on the deep learning method was proposed.Based on a group of synchronous RGB/NIR arm images,a convolutional neural network(CNN)model was designed to implement the mapping from RGB to NIR images,where veins can be detected from skin.The model has a simple structure and less optimization parameters.A color transfer scheme was also proposed to make the network adaptive to the images taken by smartphone in daily medical treatments.Comprehensive experiments were conducted on three datasets to evaluate the proposed method.Subjective and objective evaluations showed the effec-tiveness of the proposed method.These results indicated that the deep learning-based method can be used for visualizing veins in medical care applications.
基金This experimental study was partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41572299and 41831290)the 3D-printed modeling work was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LY18D020003),which is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This study presents a visualized approach for tracking joint surface morphology.Three-dimensional laser scanning(3DLS)and 3D printing(3DP)techniques are adopted to record progressive failure during rock joint shearing.The 3DP resin is used to create transparent specimens to reproduce the surface morphology of a natural joint precisely.The freezing method is employed to enhance the mechanical properties of the 3DP specimens to reproduce the properties of hard rock more accurately.A video camera containing a charge-coupled device(CCD)camera is utilized to record the evolution of damaged area of joint surface during the direct shear test.The optimal shooting distance and shooting angle are recommended to be 800 mm and 40?,respectively.The images captured by the CCD camera are corrected to quantitatively describe the damaged area on the joint surface.Verification indicates that this method can accurately describe the total sheared areas at different shear stages.These findings may contribute to elucidating the shear behavior of rock joints.
基金Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(8162042)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,CAS(2016063)
文摘Pore structures of porous media and properties of fluid flow are key factors for the study of non-Darcy groundwater flow. However, it is difficult to directly observe pore structures and flow properties, resulting in a "black box" problem of porous media. This problem has hindered the in-depth study of the groundwater flow mechanism at the pore scale. In recent years, 3D rapid prototyping technology has seen tremendous development. 3D printing provides digital models and printing models of porous media with clear internal structure. Thus, Lattice Boltzmann Method can be used to simulate the flow processes at the pore scale based on real pore structures. In this study, 3D printing cores and Lattice Boltzmann Method were coupled to conduct both laboratory and numerical experiments in spherical porous media with different sphere diameters and periodic arrays. The LBM simulation results show a good agreement with laboratory experimental results. With the advantages of LBM and 3D printing, this approach provides a visualization of the complex pore structure and fluid flow in pores, which is a promising method for studies of non-Darcy groundwater flow at the pore scale.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52074169,52174159,522741280。
文摘Cleats are the main channels for fluid transport in coal reservoirs.However,the microscale flow characteristics of both gas and water phases in primary cleats have not been fully studied as yet.Accordingly,the local morphological features of the cleat were determined using image processing technology and a transparent cleat structure model was constructed by microfluidic lithography using the multiphase fluid visualization test system.Besides,the effect of microchannel tortuosity characteristics on two‐phase flow was analyzed in this study.The results are as follows:(1)The local width of the original cleat structure of coal was strongly nonhomogeneous.The cleats showed contraction and expansion in the horizontal direction and undulating characteristics in the vertical direction.(2)The transient flow velocity fluctuated due to the structural characteristics of the primary cleat.The water‐driven gas interface showed concave and convex instability during flow,whereas the gas‐driven water interface presented a relatively stable concave surface.(3)The meniscus advanced in a symmetrical pattern in the flat channel,and the flow stagnated due to the influence of undulation points in a partially curved channel.The flow would continue only when the meniscus surface bypassed the stagnation point and reached a new equilibrium position.(4)Enhanced shearing at the gas-liquid interface increased the gas‐injection pressure,which in turn increased residual liquids in wall grooves and liquid films on the wall surface.
文摘Decision makers’ choices are often influenced by visual background information. This study uses open-ended equity funds in Taiwan to investigate three well-known optimal portfolio models, including the mean-variance, maximin, and minimization of mean absolute deviation. The optimal portfolios are then visualized on Decision Balls to assist investors in making investment decisions. By observing the Decision Balls, investors can see the optimal portfolios, compare the optimal weights provided by the different models, view the cluster of funds, and even find substitute funds if preferred funds are not available.
基金granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.41725007)Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.XDB10010100 and XXH13506)State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy,NIGPAS (Grant No.20183127).
文摘1 Introduction Geological outcrops or sections are the basis of geological research.However,the traditional methods for presenting them are mainly photos which fall short of delivering a true visual sense (Deng et al.,2009;Hou et al.,2014).With the continuous development of image acquisition technology using single-lens reflex camera (SLR camera),image synthesis,large file storage and acquisition,panoramic visualization and network technology.
文摘The value of visuals used in public earthquake education is a theme essentially unexplored.This Los Angeles-based study is a preliminary investigation into this topic,focusing on the pioneering 2008 ShakeOut Southern California public earthquake drill: the largest earthquake drill in US history.The ShakeOut scenario is based on a magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurring on the San Andreas Fault,and
文摘Scholarly communication of knowledge is predominantly document-based in digital repositories,and researchers find it tedious to automatically capture and process the semantics among related articles.Despite the present digital era of big data,there is a lack of visual representations of the knowledge present in scholarly articles,and a time-saving approach for a literature search and visual navigation is warranted.The majority of knowledge display tools cannot cope with current big data trends and pose limitations in meeting the requirements of automatic knowledge representation,storage,and dynamic visualization.To address this limitation,the main aim of this paper is to model the visualization of unstructured data and explore the feasibility of achieving visual navigation for researchers to gain insight into the knowledge hidden in scientific articles of digital repositories.Contemporary topics of research and practice,including modifiable risk factors leading to a dramatic increase in Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia,warrant deeper insight into the evidence-based knowledge available in the literature.The goal is to provide researchers with a visual-based easy traversal through a digital repository of research articles.This paper takes the first step in proposing a novel integrated model using knowledge maps and next-generation graph datastores to achieve a semantic visualization with domain-specific knowledge,such as dementia risk factors.The model facilitates a deep conceptual understanding of the literature by automatically establishing visual relationships among the extracted knowledge from the big data resources of research articles.It also serves as an automated tool for a visual navigation through the knowledge repository for faster identification of dementia risk factors reported in scholarly articles.Further,it facilitates a semantic visualization and domain-specific knowledge discovery from a large digital repository and their associations.In this study,the implementation of the proposed model in the Neo4j graph data repository,along with the results achieved,is presented as a proof of concept.Using scholarly research articles on dementia risk factors as a case study,automatic knowledge extraction,storage,intelligent search,and visual navigation are illustrated.The implementation of contextual knowledge and its relationship for a visual exploration by researchers show promising results in the knowledge discovery of dementia risk factors.Overall,this study demonstrates the significance of a semantic visualization with the effective use of knowledge maps and paves the way for extending visual modeling capabilities in the future.
基金Tianjin University's 985 Talent Plan, Key Project Science and Technology from Zhongyuan Oil Field and National Natural Science Foundation of China (50479070).
文摘A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dynamic photo-elastic method, this method cannot only show the sound field distribution in liquid and solid at different time moments, but also can be applied to non-transparent solid. In addition, it does not strictly require small residual stress of the sample. The sample can, therefore, be easily made. Because the acoustic field is obtained by indirect measurements, the recording can be affected by the after-shock of the receiving sensor and is prone to the influence of the direct wave of the liquid. Putting an aluminum plate into a liquid, we recorded the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave in the aluminum and, in the liquid we also recorded the direct wave and three head waves, which are directly coupled with the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave respectively. The recording clearly depicts the coupling relationship of the sound waves through the interface between the aluminum and the liquid. Putting a plexiglass into a liquid, we also recorded the sound waves in the plexiglass and the coupling relationship between the sound waves in the two mediums.
