A simple visual method for DNA detection during the formation of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was developed based on different electrostatic properties of single strand DNA(ssDNA) and double strand DNA(dsDNA).Since the s...A simple visual method for DNA detection during the formation of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was developed based on different electrostatic properties of single strand DNA(ssDNA) and double strand DNA(dsDNA).Since the ssDNA is easy to bind to AuNPs due to its exposed bases which could prevent saltinduced aggregation of AuNPs.The dsDNA always present negative charge because its negatively charged phosphate backbone is exposed.In this case,the dsDNA could disturb the adsorption between dsDNA and AuNPs and result in non-aggregation of AuNPs.After hybridization,chloroauric acid and ascorbic acid were added to the mixture solution,and the solution changed to red immediately and turned to purple in10 min in the present of target DNA.TEM results confirmed that the change of color stemed from aggregation of AuNPs.In order to obtain accurate results by naked eye,the DNA detection assay should be conducted under pH 7.0.展开更多
Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabili...Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.展开更多
Norfloxacin is widely used owing to its strong bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria.However,the residual norfloxacin in the environment can be biomagnified via food chain andmay damage the human liver and del...Norfloxacin is widely used owing to its strong bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria.However,the residual norfloxacin in the environment can be biomagnified via food chain andmay damage the human liver and delay the bone development ofminors.Present work described a reliable and sensitive smartphone colorimetric sensing system based on cobaltdoped Fe_(3)O_(4) magnetic nanoparticles(Co-Fe_(3)O_(4) MNPs)for the visual detection of norfloxacin.Compared with Fe_(3)O_(4),Co-Fe_(3)O_(4) MNPs earned more remarkably peroxidase-like activity and TMB(colorless)was rapidly oxidized to oxTMB(blue)with the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Interestingly,the addition of low concentration of norfloxacin can accelerate the color reaction process of TMB,and blue deepening of the solution can be observed with the naked eye.However,after adding high concentration of norfloxacin,the activity of nanozymewas inhibited,resulting in the gradual fading of the solution.Based on this principle,a colorimetric sensor integrated with smartphone RGB mode was established.The visual sensor exhibited good linearity for norfloxacin monitoring in the range of 0.13-2.51μmol/L and 17.5-100μmol/L.The limit of visual detectionwas 0.08μmol/L.In the actualwater sample analysis,the spiked recoveries of norfloxacin were over the range of 95.7%-104.7%.These results demonstrated that the visual sensor was a convenient and fast method for the efficient and accurate detection of norfloxacin in water,which may have broad application prospect.展开更多
A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dyna...A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dynamic photo-elastic method, this method cannot only show the sound field distribution in liquid and solid at different time moments, but also can be applied to non-transparent solid. In addition, it does not strictly require small residual stress of the sample. The sample can, therefore, be easily made. Because the acoustic field is obtained by indirect measurements, the recording can be affected by the after-shock of the receiving sensor and is prone to the influence of the direct wave of the liquid. Putting an aluminum plate into a liquid, we recorded the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave in the aluminum and, in the liquid we also recorded the direct wave and three head waves, which are directly coupled with the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave respectively. The recording clearly depicts the coupling relationship of the sound waves through the interface between the aluminum and the liquid. Putting a plexiglass into a liquid, we also recorded the sound waves in the plexiglass and the coupling relationship between the sound waves in the two mediums.展开更多
To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive ranging technology based on image, such as poor ranging accuracy, low reliability and complex system, a new visual passive ranging method based on re-entrant coa...To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive ranging technology based on image, such as poor ranging accuracy, low reliability and complex system, a new visual passive ranging method based on re-entrant coaxial optical path is presented. The target image is obtained using double cameras with coaxial optical path. Since there is imaging optical path difference between the cameras, the images are different. In comparison of the image differences, the target range could be reversed. The principle of the ranging method and the ranging model are described. The relationship among parameters in the ranging process is analyzed quantitatively. Meanwhile,the system composition and technical realization scheme are also presented. Also, the principle of the method is verified by the equivalent experiment. The experimental results show that the design scheme is correct and feasible with good robustness. Generally, the ranging error is less than 10% with good convergence. The optical path is designed in a re-entrant mode to reduce the volume and weight of the system. Through the coaxial design,the visual passive range of the targets with any posture can be obtained in real time. The system can be widely used in electro-optical countermeasure and concealed photoelectric detection.展开更多
The study of marine data visualization is of great value. Marine data, due to its large scale, random variation and multiresolution in nature, are hard to be visualized and analyzed. Nowadays, constructing an ocean mo...The study of marine data visualization is of great value. Marine data, due to its large scale, random variation and multiresolution in nature, are hard to be visualized and analyzed. Nowadays, constructing an ocean model and visualizing model results have become some of the most important research topics of ‘Digital Ocean'. In this paper, a spherical ray casting method is developed to improve the traditional ray-casting algorithm and to make efficient use of GPUs. Aiming at the ocean current data, a 3D view-dependent line integral convolution method is used, in which the spatial frequency is adapted according to the distance from a camera. The study is based on a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine, namely the VV-Ocean. Some interactive operations are also provided to highlight the interesting structures and the characteristics of volumetric data. Finally, the marine data gathered in the East China Sea are displayed and analyzed. The results show that the method meets the requirements of real-time and interactive rendering.展开更多
为了城市碳达峰方案的实行和绿色低碳发展,亟须在城市层面上建立精准的碳核算方法,以提供必要的理论依据。采用文献计量的方法,对Web of Science核心合集中近10年发布的城市碳核算相关文献进行可视化分析。通过梳理城市碳核算的研究热点...为了城市碳达峰方案的实行和绿色低碳发展,亟须在城市层面上建立精准的碳核算方法,以提供必要的理论依据。采用文献计量的方法,对Web of Science核心合集中近10年发布的城市碳核算相关文献进行可视化分析。通过梳理城市碳核算的研究热点,提取了常用及新兴的碳核算方法,并构建了时间图谱以探究城市碳核算的发展脉络。由此总结了土地利用类型法、投入产出法、生命周期评价法、排放源核算、模型法5种主流的城市碳核算方法,并进一步分析各种方法的优缺点和可行性。除了生命周期评价法外,其余方法均可直接应用于城市碳核算。此外,针对性地指出了城市碳核算发展过程中面临的主要问题,包括核算的不完整性、清单数据的准确性不足、对模型驱动因素间联系性的忽视,以及在小尺度城市研究方面的缺失。研究发现,单一的城市碳核算方法难以全面准确地计算城市碳排放量。因此,综合运用多种核算方法,并结合遥感、智能平台等新技术,有助于提升城市碳核算的精确度,为城市碳核算的未来发展指明新的研究方向。展开更多
通过文献计量法,基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2000—2023年有关污水地下渗滤系统(SWIS)的270篇文献,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件绘制发文机构合作图谱、作者合作网络图谱以及关键词共现分析图谱,旨在探究地下渗...通过文献计量法,基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2000—2023年有关污水地下渗滤系统(SWIS)的270篇文献,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件绘制发文机构合作图谱、作者合作网络图谱以及关键词共现分析图谱,旨在探究地下渗滤的合作网络、研究现状及核心热点。研究表明,地下渗滤相关的发表量呈现先增后减的趋势,反映了该技术自21世纪以来的发展历程和学术关注度的变化。此外,发文作者和机构的合作图谱展现了学术交流和合作研究的活跃态势,辽宁省的高校和科研院所之间合作较为密切。关键词分析发现当前研究热点集中于填料优化、水力负荷调控、污染物去除效率提升及微生物群落作用4个方向。展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0205301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61527806, 81902153 and 61871180)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (No.2017JJ2069)the Hunan Key Research Project (No.2017SK2174)the Programs for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No.IRT_15R13)
文摘A simple visual method for DNA detection during the formation of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was developed based on different electrostatic properties of single strand DNA(ssDNA) and double strand DNA(dsDNA).Since the ssDNA is easy to bind to AuNPs due to its exposed bases which could prevent saltinduced aggregation of AuNPs.The dsDNA always present negative charge because its negatively charged phosphate backbone is exposed.In this case,the dsDNA could disturb the adsorption between dsDNA and AuNPs and result in non-aggregation of AuNPs.After hybridization,chloroauric acid and ascorbic acid were added to the mixture solution,and the solution changed to red immediately and turned to purple in10 min in the present of target DNA.TEM results confirmed that the change of color stemed from aggregation of AuNPs.In order to obtain accurate results by naked eye,the DNA detection assay should be conducted under pH 7.0.
文摘Mitigating increasing cyberattack incidents may require strategies such as reinforcing organizations’ networks with Honeypots and effectively analyzing attack traffic for detection of zero-day attacks and vulnerabilities. To effectively detect and mitigate cyberattacks, both computerized and visual analyses are typically required. However, most security analysts are not adequately trained in visualization principles and/or methods, which is required for effective visual perception of useful attack information hidden in attack data. Additionally, Honeypot has proven useful in cyberattack research, but no studies have comprehensively investigated visualization practices in the field. In this paper, we reviewed visualization practices and methods commonly used in the discovery and communication of attack patterns based on Honeypot network traffic data. Using the PRISMA methodology, we identified and screened 218 papers and evaluated only 37 papers having a high impact. Most Honeypot papers conducted summary statistics of Honeypot data based on static data metrics such as IP address, port, and packet size. They visually analyzed Honeypot attack data using simple graphical methods (such as line, bar, and pie charts) that tend to hide useful attack information. Furthermore, only a few papers conducted extended attack analysis, and commonly visualized attack data using scatter and linear plots. Papers rarely included simple yet sophisticated graphical methods, such as box plots and histograms, which allow for critical evaluation of analysis results. While a significant number of automated visualization tools have incorporated visualization standards by default, the construction of effective and expressive graphical methods for easy pattern discovery and explainable insights still requires applied knowledge and skill of visualization principles and tools, and occasionally, an interdisciplinary collaboration with peers. We, therefore, suggest the need, going forward, for non-classical graphical methods for visualizing attack patterns and communicating analysis results. We also recommend training investigators in visualization principles and standards for effective visual perception and presentation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21976211).
文摘Norfloxacin is widely used owing to its strong bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria.However,the residual norfloxacin in the environment can be biomagnified via food chain andmay damage the human liver and delay the bone development ofminors.Present work described a reliable and sensitive smartphone colorimetric sensing system based on cobaltdoped Fe_(3)O_(4) magnetic nanoparticles(Co-Fe_(3)O_(4) MNPs)for the visual detection of norfloxacin.Compared with Fe_(3)O_(4),Co-Fe_(3)O_(4) MNPs earned more remarkably peroxidase-like activity and TMB(colorless)was rapidly oxidized to oxTMB(blue)with the presence of H_(2)O_(2).Interestingly,the addition of low concentration of norfloxacin can accelerate the color reaction process of TMB,and blue deepening of the solution can be observed with the naked eye.However,after adding high concentration of norfloxacin,the activity of nanozymewas inhibited,resulting in the gradual fading of the solution.Based on this principle,a colorimetric sensor integrated with smartphone RGB mode was established.The visual sensor exhibited good linearity for norfloxacin monitoring in the range of 0.13-2.51μmol/L and 17.5-100μmol/L.The limit of visual detectionwas 0.08μmol/L.In the actualwater sample analysis,the spiked recoveries of norfloxacin were over the range of 95.7%-104.7%.These results demonstrated that the visual sensor was a convenient and fast method for the efficient and accurate detection of norfloxacin in water,which may have broad application prospect.
基金Tianjin University's 985 Talent Plan, Key Project Science and Technology from Zhongyuan Oil Field and National Natural Science Foundation of China (50479070).
文摘A new method for visualizing sound propagation in solids and liquids is described in this paper. The method can show the sound propagation process dynamically in two dimensions. Compared with Schlieren method and dynamic photo-elastic method, this method cannot only show the sound field distribution in liquid and solid at different time moments, but also can be applied to non-transparent solid. In addition, it does not strictly require small residual stress of the sample. The sample can, therefore, be easily made. Because the acoustic field is obtained by indirect measurements, the recording can be affected by the after-shock of the receiving sensor and is prone to the influence of the direct wave of the liquid. Putting an aluminum plate into a liquid, we recorded the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave in the aluminum and, in the liquid we also recorded the direct wave and three head waves, which are directly coupled with the compression wave, shear wave and surface wave respectively. The recording clearly depicts the coupling relationship of the sound waves through the interface between the aluminum and the liquid. Putting a plexiglass into a liquid, we also recorded the sound waves in the plexiglass and the coupling relationship between the sound waves in the two mediums.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2014CB340102
文摘To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional passive ranging technology based on image, such as poor ranging accuracy, low reliability and complex system, a new visual passive ranging method based on re-entrant coaxial optical path is presented. The target image is obtained using double cameras with coaxial optical path. Since there is imaging optical path difference between the cameras, the images are different. In comparison of the image differences, the target range could be reversed. The principle of the ranging method and the ranging model are described. The relationship among parameters in the ranging process is analyzed quantitatively. Meanwhile,the system composition and technical realization scheme are also presented. Also, the principle of the method is verified by the equivalent experiment. The experimental results show that the design scheme is correct and feasible with good robustness. Generally, the ranging error is less than 10% with good convergence. The optical path is designed in a re-entrant mode to reduce the volume and weight of the system. Through the coaxial design,the visual passive range of the targets with any posture can be obtained in real time. The system can be widely used in electro-optical countermeasure and concealed photoelectric detection.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project 41076115the Global Change Research Program of China under project 2012CB955603the Public Science and Technology Research Funds of the Ocean under project 201005019
文摘The study of marine data visualization is of great value. Marine data, due to its large scale, random variation and multiresolution in nature, are hard to be visualized and analyzed. Nowadays, constructing an ocean model and visualizing model results have become some of the most important research topics of ‘Digital Ocean'. In this paper, a spherical ray casting method is developed to improve the traditional ray-casting algorithm and to make efficient use of GPUs. Aiming at the ocean current data, a 3D view-dependent line integral convolution method is used, in which the spatial frequency is adapted according to the distance from a camera. The study is based on a 3D virtual reality and visualization engine, namely the VV-Ocean. Some interactive operations are also provided to highlight the interesting structures and the characteristics of volumetric data. Finally, the marine data gathered in the East China Sea are displayed and analyzed. The results show that the method meets the requirements of real-time and interactive rendering.
文摘为了城市碳达峰方案的实行和绿色低碳发展,亟须在城市层面上建立精准的碳核算方法,以提供必要的理论依据。采用文献计量的方法,对Web of Science核心合集中近10年发布的城市碳核算相关文献进行可视化分析。通过梳理城市碳核算的研究热点,提取了常用及新兴的碳核算方法,并构建了时间图谱以探究城市碳核算的发展脉络。由此总结了土地利用类型法、投入产出法、生命周期评价法、排放源核算、模型法5种主流的城市碳核算方法,并进一步分析各种方法的优缺点和可行性。除了生命周期评价法外,其余方法均可直接应用于城市碳核算。此外,针对性地指出了城市碳核算发展过程中面临的主要问题,包括核算的不完整性、清单数据的准确性不足、对模型驱动因素间联系性的忽视,以及在小尺度城市研究方面的缺失。研究发现,单一的城市碳核算方法难以全面准确地计算城市碳排放量。因此,综合运用多种核算方法,并结合遥感、智能平台等新技术,有助于提升城市碳核算的精确度,为城市碳核算的未来发展指明新的研究方向。
文摘通过文献计量法,基于中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science(WOS)数据库中2000—2023年有关污水地下渗滤系统(SWIS)的270篇文献,利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件绘制发文机构合作图谱、作者合作网络图谱以及关键词共现分析图谱,旨在探究地下渗滤的合作网络、研究现状及核心热点。研究表明,地下渗滤相关的发表量呈现先增后减的趋势,反映了该技术自21世纪以来的发展历程和学术关注度的变化。此外,发文作者和机构的合作图谱展现了学术交流和合作研究的活跃态势,辽宁省的高校和科研院所之间合作较为密切。关键词分析发现当前研究热点集中于填料优化、水力负荷调控、污染物去除效率提升及微生物群落作用4个方向。
