AIM:To Introduce a new specialized visual acuity chart for amblyopic children aged 3-5 years old and its clinical applications.METHODS:The new visual acuity chart and notations were designed based on Weber-Fechner law...AIM:To Introduce a new specialized visual acuity chart for amblyopic children aged 3-5 years old and its clinical applications.METHODS:The new visual acuity chart and notations were designed based on Weber-Fechner law.The optotypes were red against a white background and were specially shaped four basic geometric symbols:circle,square,triangle,and cross.A regular geometric progression of the optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange in 14 lines.The progression rate of the optotype size between two lines was 1.2589 and the testing distance was 3m.Visual acuity score could be recorded as logMAR notation or decimal notation.Agestratified diagnostic criteria for amblyopia established by consensus statement on diagnosis of amblyopia(2011)among members of the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Group,Ophthalmology Society,Chinese Medical Association(SPOGOSCMA)were illustrated in the new visual acuity chart.RESULTS:When assessing visual acuity in children aged 3-5 years old,this new visual acuity chart that consists of four symmetrical shapes(triangle,square,cross,and circle)overcame an inability to recognize the letters of the alphabet and difficulties in designating the direction of black abstract symbols such as the tumbling’E’or Landolt’C’,which the subjects were prone to lose interest in.The visual acuity score may be recorded indifferent notations:decimal acuity and logMAR.These two notations can be easily converted each other in the new eye chart.The measurements of this new chart not only showed a significant correlation and a good consistency with the international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart(r=0.932,P【0.01),but also indicated a high test-retest reliability(89%of retest scores were within 0.1 logMAR units of the initial test score).CONCLUSION:The results of this study support the validity and reliability of distance visual acuity measurements using the new eye chart in children aged3 to 5 years over a wide range of visual acuities,and the new eye chart is great for early detection of amblyopia.It can be applied in various clinical settings.展开更多
AIM:To compare the results of visual acuity(VA)measured by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart,5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(5 SL)chart,and 2.5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(2.5 SL)chart...AIM:To compare the results of visual acuity(VA)measured by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart,5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(5 SL)chart,and 2.5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(2.5 SL)chart in outpatients of age 12-80 y.METHODS:Each patient(totally 2000 outpatients)had both eyes tested with ETDRS chart at 4 m,5 SL chart at 5 m,and 2.5 SL chart at 2.5 m in random order.The VA values of outpatients were categorized by ages.VA values were expressed by log MAR recording method.RESULTS:The mean VA results of ETDRS charts,5 SL,and 2.5 SL chart were 0.52±0.28,0.50±0.30,and 0.46±0.28 log MAR,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the three eye charts in the whole group(P<0.001).For all subjects,the correlation of VA tested with three charts was statistically significant(Spearman correlation coefficient=0.944,0.937,0.946,all P<0.001).Bland–Altman analysis shows the 95%limits of agreement between the 5 SL and 2.5 SL chart were-0.182 to 0.210,-0.139 to 0.251,and-0.151 to 0.235 log MAR,respectively.CONCLUSION:The agreement between the three eye charts is not high.The VA measured by 5 SL chart is slightly better than that by ETDRS chart and 5 SL chart would be a suitable alternative when ETDRS chart are not available in the clinical situation.The VA measured by 2.5 SL chart is about 0.5 line better than VA tested with ETDRS chart,which may overestimate VA.展开更多
Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of different visual acuity charts for outpatient pediatric visual tests.Methods: Fifty-three children(53 eyes) aged 4-8 years undergoing visual acuity tests as outpatients were r...Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of different visual acuity charts for outpatient pediatric visual tests.Methods: Fifty-three children(53 eyes) aged 4-8 years undergoing visual acuity tests as outpatients were randomly selected for this study. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the eye with better visual acuity was measured for each child using the digital LogMAR visual chart,.the ETDRS visual chart,.and a new standard logarithm visual chart;.all measurements were repeated twice and the BCVA was recorded. Paired comparisons were made between the LogMAR visual acuity chart and ETDRS chart measurements or between the ETDRS chart and logarithm visual acuity chart measurements for statistical analysis of the differences in measurement of visual acuity..The results of different measurements by the same chart were compared to evaluate the consistency of the measurement results..Bland-Altman analysis was employed to evaluate the most suitable chart for outpatient measurement of visual acuity in children.Results:.Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean visual acuity measured was.(0.447 ±0.017 LogMAR).by the digital LogMAR chart,.(0.301±0.024 LogMAR).by the standard logarithm visual acuity chart, and(0.309 ±0.018 LogMAR) by the ETDRS visual acuity chart. The BCVA was significantly lower when measured by the LogMAR visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart(P<0.01). The BCVA was slightly higher when measured by the logarithm visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart, but the difference was not statistically sig nificant(P>0.05)..The Bland-Altman plot showed that the highest consistency was obtained with the digital LogMAR chart,with a difference between two repeated measurements of 0.068 LogMAR,.compared to 0.090 and 0.072 LogMAR for the logarithm and ETDRS visual acuity charts, respectively.Conclusion: All three types of visual acuity charts are appli-cable for outpatient measurement of pediatric visual acuity.The ETDRS and logarithm visual acuity charts have a higher consistency, but the LogMAR visual acuity chart shows better reproducibility..Consequently,.it is difficult to identify and distinguish which acuity chart is most suitable for cooperative children.展开更多
文摘AIM:To Introduce a new specialized visual acuity chart for amblyopic children aged 3-5 years old and its clinical applications.METHODS:The new visual acuity chart and notations were designed based on Weber-Fechner law.The optotypes were red against a white background and were specially shaped four basic geometric symbols:circle,square,triangle,and cross.A regular geometric progression of the optotype sizes and distribution was employed to arrange in 14 lines.The progression rate of the optotype size between two lines was 1.2589 and the testing distance was 3m.Visual acuity score could be recorded as logMAR notation or decimal notation.Agestratified diagnostic criteria for amblyopia established by consensus statement on diagnosis of amblyopia(2011)among members of the Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology Group,Ophthalmology Society,Chinese Medical Association(SPOGOSCMA)were illustrated in the new visual acuity chart.RESULTS:When assessing visual acuity in children aged 3-5 years old,this new visual acuity chart that consists of four symmetrical shapes(triangle,square,cross,and circle)overcame an inability to recognize the letters of the alphabet and difficulties in designating the direction of black abstract symbols such as the tumbling’E’or Landolt’C’,which the subjects were prone to lose interest in.The visual acuity score may be recorded indifferent notations:decimal acuity and logMAR.These two notations can be easily converted each other in the new eye chart.The measurements of this new chart not only showed a significant correlation and a good consistency with the international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart(r=0.932,P【0.01),but also indicated a high test-retest reliability(89%of retest scores were within 0.1 logMAR units of the initial test score).CONCLUSION:The results of this study support the validity and reliability of distance visual acuity measurements using the new eye chart in children aged3 to 5 years over a wide range of visual acuities,and the new eye chart is great for early detection of amblyopia.It can be applied in various clinical settings.
文摘AIM:To compare the results of visual acuity(VA)measured by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study(ETDRS)chart,5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(5 SL)chart,and 2.5 m Standard Logarithm Visual Acuity(2.5 SL)chart in outpatients of age 12-80 y.METHODS:Each patient(totally 2000 outpatients)had both eyes tested with ETDRS chart at 4 m,5 SL chart at 5 m,and 2.5 SL chart at 2.5 m in random order.The VA values of outpatients were categorized by ages.VA values were expressed by log MAR recording method.RESULTS:The mean VA results of ETDRS charts,5 SL,and 2.5 SL chart were 0.52±0.28,0.50±0.30,and 0.46±0.28 log MAR,respectively.There was a statistically significant difference in the three eye charts in the whole group(P<0.001).For all subjects,the correlation of VA tested with three charts was statistically significant(Spearman correlation coefficient=0.944,0.937,0.946,all P<0.001).Bland–Altman analysis shows the 95%limits of agreement between the 5 SL and 2.5 SL chart were-0.182 to 0.210,-0.139 to 0.251,and-0.151 to 0.235 log MAR,respectively.CONCLUSION:The agreement between the three eye charts is not high.The VA measured by 5 SL chart is slightly better than that by ETDRS chart and 5 SL chart would be a suitable alternative when ETDRS chart are not available in the clinical situation.The VA measured by 2.5 SL chart is about 0.5 line better than VA tested with ETDRS chart,which may overestimate VA.
文摘Purpose: To evaluate the applicability of different visual acuity charts for outpatient pediatric visual tests.Methods: Fifty-three children(53 eyes) aged 4-8 years undergoing visual acuity tests as outpatients were randomly selected for this study. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of the eye with better visual acuity was measured for each child using the digital LogMAR visual chart,.the ETDRS visual chart,.and a new standard logarithm visual chart;.all measurements were repeated twice and the BCVA was recorded. Paired comparisons were made between the LogMAR visual acuity chart and ETDRS chart measurements or between the ETDRS chart and logarithm visual acuity chart measurements for statistical analysis of the differences in measurement of visual acuity..The results of different measurements by the same chart were compared to evaluate the consistency of the measurement results..Bland-Altman analysis was employed to evaluate the most suitable chart for outpatient measurement of visual acuity in children.Results:.Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the mean visual acuity measured was.(0.447 ±0.017 LogMAR).by the digital LogMAR chart,.(0.301±0.024 LogMAR).by the standard logarithm visual acuity chart, and(0.309 ±0.018 LogMAR) by the ETDRS visual acuity chart. The BCVA was significantly lower when measured by the LogMAR visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart(P<0.01). The BCVA was slightly higher when measured by the logarithm visual acuity chart than by the ETDRS chart, but the difference was not statistically sig nificant(P>0.05)..The Bland-Altman plot showed that the highest consistency was obtained with the digital LogMAR chart,with a difference between two repeated measurements of 0.068 LogMAR,.compared to 0.090 and 0.072 LogMAR for the logarithm and ETDRS visual acuity charts, respectively.Conclusion: All three types of visual acuity charts are appli-cable for outpatient measurement of pediatric visual acuity.The ETDRS and logarithm visual acuity charts have a higher consistency, but the LogMAR visual acuity chart shows better reproducibility..Consequently,.it is difficult to identify and distinguish which acuity chart is most suitable for cooperative children.
