A ransomware attack that interrupted the operation of Colonial Pipeline(a large U.S.oil pipeline company),showed that security threats by malware have become serious enough to affect industries and social infrastructu...A ransomware attack that interrupted the operation of Colonial Pipeline(a large U.S.oil pipeline company),showed that security threats by malware have become serious enough to affect industries and social infrastructure rather than individuals alone.The agents and characteristics of attacks should be identified,and appropriate strategies should be established accordingly in order to respond to such attacks.For this purpose,the first task that must be performed is malware classification.Malware creators are well aware of this and apply various concealment and avoidance techniques,making it difficult to classify malware.This study focuses on new features and classification techniques to overcome these difficulties.We propose a behavioral performance visualization method using utilization patterns of system resources,such as the central processing unit,memory,and input/output,that are commonly used in performance analysis or tuning of programs.We extracted the usage patterns of the system resources for ransomware to performbehavioral performance visualization.The results of the classification performance evaluation using the visualization results indicate an accuracy of at least 98.94%with a 3.69%loss rate.Furthermore,we designed and implemented a framework to perform the entire process—from data extraction to behavioral performance visualization and classification performance measurement—that is expected to contribute to related studies in the future.展开更多
目的分析医疗机构护士遭遇不文明行为的研究现状,探讨其前沿热点和未来趋势,为今后的研究提供思路和启示。方法基于Web of Science^(TM)核心合集,检索自建库至2025年4月30日发表的相关文献,应用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件进行文献计量学...目的分析医疗机构护士遭遇不文明行为的研究现状,探讨其前沿热点和未来趋势,为今后的研究提供思路和启示。方法基于Web of Science^(TM)核心合集,检索自建库至2025年4月30日发表的相关文献,应用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件进行文献计量学分析。结果共检索到162篇文献,总体呈波动性增长,自2014年起发文量出现爆发式增长;美国在该研究领域占据领军地位,发文量及被引频次均居世界第一,中国位列第四;LASCHINGER,HKS和CLARK,CM是发文量最多的作者,《Journal of Nursing Management》是载文量最多的期刊,University of Western Ontario是重要的研究机构;研究热点主要集中在负面影响、护理质量以及干预策略等方面。结论护士遭遇不文明行为的研究在国际上已形成热潮,而我国稍显滞后,希望能够紧随国际步伐,结合研究热点,探索并建立适合中国国情的“护士职业安全与尊严保障体系”,以推动护理事业的健康、可持续发展。展开更多
目的:分析国内外老年人久坐行为研究的热点与前沿,以期为相关研究提供参考。方法:采用CiteSpace 6.4.R1软件对2005年1月—2025年7月中国知网与Web of Science核心合集中老年人久坐行为的相关文献进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入中文文献87...目的:分析国内外老年人久坐行为研究的热点与前沿,以期为相关研究提供参考。方法:采用CiteSpace 6.4.R1软件对2005年1月—2025年7月中国知网与Web of Science核心合集中老年人久坐行为的相关文献进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入中文文献87篇、英文文献867篇。年发文量总体呈上升趋势,但国内发文较国际仍有较大差距。研究热点主要聚焦于身体活动、积极老龄化等方面;未来研究趋势将聚焦于久坐行为对心理健康和睡眠质量的影响,并强调文化适应性和规范化实践转化的重要性。结论:国内该领域研究尚属于探索阶段,目前发展较为缓慢。未来可借鉴国际研究热点与前沿方向,拓展研究思路,加强对该领域的关注与投入,以促进我国在老年人久坐行为与健康研究方面的深入发展。展开更多
Okinawa in the subtropical islands enclosed in the ocean has a problem that corrosion of structures progresses quickly because of high temperature, high humidity and adhesion of sea-water mists flying from sea. Author...Okinawa in the subtropical islands enclosed in the ocean has a problem that corrosion of structures progresses quickly because of high temperature, high humidity and adhesion of sea-water mists flying from sea. Author is interested in corrosion of bridge made of weatherability steel. Therefore, it needs to investigate the flow structure around bridge beams and behavior of sea-water mist (droplet). In this paper, flow visualization and PIV are attempted to understand the flow structures around bridge beams and, furthermore, numerical approach of motion of droplets is attempted to understand the collision of sea-water mists on the bridge wall.展开更多
A novel method case-based reasoning was proposed for suspicious behavior recognition. The method is composed of three departs: human behavior decomposition, human behavior case representation and case-based reasoning....A novel method case-based reasoning was proposed for suspicious behavior recognition. The method is composed of three departs: human behavior decomposition, human behavior case representation and case-based reasoning. The new approach was proposed to decompose behavior into sub-behaviors that are easier to recognize using a saliency-based visual attention model. New representation of behavior was introduced, in which the sub-behavior and the associated time characteristic of sub-behavior were used to represent behavior case. In the process of case-based reasoning, apart from considering the similarity of basic sub-behaviors,order factor was proposed to measure the similarity of a time order among the sub-behaviors and span factor was used to measure the similarity of duration time of each sub-behavior, which makes the similarity calculations more rational and comprehensive.Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other related works and can run in real-time for the recognition of suspicious behaviors.展开更多
Online question and answer(Q&A)communities,which allow users to exchange knowledge by asking and answering questions,have become increasingly popular.As a result of user active participation,these communities stor...Online question and answer(Q&A)communities,which allow users to exchange knowledge by asking and answering questions,have become increasingly popular.As a result of user active participation,these communities store overwhelming volumes of information.However,existing related methods are unable to meet community operators’needs for analyzing multi-dimensional Q&A sequences and understanding user behavior.In this paper,collaborating with domain experts in online community,we present a system,VisQAC,which explores the patterns of Q&A sequence and user behavior.In the system,a novel visual design is proposed,which is combined with flexible mapping measures for analyzing critical characteristics of sequence data.Moreover,a timeline visualization method is designed to visualize data with categorical attributes and its correlation can be displayed flexibly by choosing time mode and time granularity.The usefulness and effectiveness of the system are demonstrated with several case studies of VisQAC with community operators based on the Zhihu dataset.Our evaluation shows that VisQAC is beneficial to the understanding of Q&A sequence and associated user behavior.展开更多
The downward moving behavior of pellets in a 8 m2 pellet shaft furnace with an internal vertical air channel and a drying bed was studied by means of a visualized model(1-15) and a top model(1-1).The visualized model ...The downward moving behavior of pellets in a 8 m2 pellet shaft furnace with an internal vertical air channel and a drying bed was studied by means of a visualized model(1-15) and a top model(1-1).The visualized model experiment shows that the downward movement of pellets can be regarded as plug flow approximately inside the furnace except for the lower region of cooling zone due to the influence of the drained hopper.The top model experiment reveals that the pellet sizes increase along the moving direction because of the percolation phenomenon,which results in a decrease of the resistance coefficient and an increase of the gas flow rate from the furnace wall toward the furnace center.展开更多
The study of defense behavior development in pied flycatcher altricial nestlings has shown that preceding visual deprivation decreased the capability to freeze in the young. At the same time, auditory thresholds of de...The study of defense behavior development in pied flycatcher altricial nestlings has shown that preceding visual deprivation decreased the capability to freeze in the young. At the same time, auditory thresholds of deprived nestlings were lower than those of the nestlings developing in unaltered visual environment. Our goal in the present work was to study effects of visual input on the functional development of neural circuitry for flycatcher’s acoustically-guided defensive behavior. We compared the immunohistochemical response of transcription factors ZENK and c-Fos in the nestlings’ auditory telencephalic structures in visually deprived and non-deprived flycatcher nestlings to alarm calls emitted by adult birds. We have demonstrated that the development of flycatcher nestlings under the conditions of limited visual afferentation results in the decrease of induction of the immediate-early genes c-Fos and ZENK in auditory structures of 9-day-old nestlings performing auditory-guided defense behavior. The most marked decrease of induction of both genes is observed in Field L. Our data suggest that visual afferentation affects neuronal activations in higher auditory structures of nestlings’ brain that, in turn, may increase the efficiency of species-typical alarm call. Thus, the work demonstrated for the first time that visual affererntation facilitates the growth of efficiency of alarm call affecting the activity of neurons in auditory integrative structures.展开更多
Mechanisms of predator detection and the influence of the presence of nonlethal predators on antipredator defense behavior and metamorphic traits were studied in the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus. Exposure o...Mechanisms of predator detection and the influence of the presence of nonlethal predators on antipredator defense behavior and metamorphic traits were studied in the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus. Exposure of P. maculatus tadpoles to chemical cues of caged predator（crabs, Barytelphusa spp.） fed with either conspecific or heterogeneric tadpoles, or were starved elicited defense behavior（by avoiding predator zone） in them. Such a behavior was not evident when exposed to predators housed in a glass beaker（visual cues）. Both early（Gosner stage 27–28） and later（Gosner stage 35–36） stage tadpoles when exposed to caged predators（fed with conspecific tadpoles）, prey tadpoles spent less time swimming and remained motionless for longer periods. Yet, the time spent by prey in feeding was unaffected. Further, the predator avoidance behavior exhibited by them was of the same intensity regardless of whether the caged predators were fed or starved implying the influence of predator＇s kairomones. Tadpoles reared with caged predator reached the metamorphic climax stage（MC stage; Gosner stage 42） earlier than those reared without a predator. Size at emergence（Gosner stage 46） was comparable in both the groups. The findings suggest that P. maculatus tadpoles assess predation risk chiefly by sensing kairomones of the predator in eliciting antipredator defense behaviors. Accelerated development and early metamorphosis without any compromise of the size at emergence may be due to their unaltered feeding activity.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)(Project No.2019-0-00426%,10%)the ICT R&D Program of MSIT/IITP(Project No.2021-0-01816,A Research on Core Technology of Autonomous Twins for Metaverse,10%)National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(Project No.NRF-2020R1A2C4002737%,80%).
文摘A ransomware attack that interrupted the operation of Colonial Pipeline(a large U.S.oil pipeline company),showed that security threats by malware have become serious enough to affect industries and social infrastructure rather than individuals alone.The agents and characteristics of attacks should be identified,and appropriate strategies should be established accordingly in order to respond to such attacks.For this purpose,the first task that must be performed is malware classification.Malware creators are well aware of this and apply various concealment and avoidance techniques,making it difficult to classify malware.This study focuses on new features and classification techniques to overcome these difficulties.We propose a behavioral performance visualization method using utilization patterns of system resources,such as the central processing unit,memory,and input/output,that are commonly used in performance analysis or tuning of programs.We extracted the usage patterns of the system resources for ransomware to performbehavioral performance visualization.The results of the classification performance evaluation using the visualization results indicate an accuracy of at least 98.94%with a 3.69%loss rate.Furthermore,we designed and implemented a framework to perform the entire process—from data extraction to behavioral performance visualization and classification performance measurement—that is expected to contribute to related studies in the future.
文摘目的分析医疗机构护士遭遇不文明行为的研究现状,探讨其前沿热点和未来趋势,为今后的研究提供思路和启示。方法基于Web of Science^(TM)核心合集,检索自建库至2025年4月30日发表的相关文献,应用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件进行文献计量学分析。结果共检索到162篇文献,总体呈波动性增长,自2014年起发文量出现爆发式增长;美国在该研究领域占据领军地位,发文量及被引频次均居世界第一,中国位列第四;LASCHINGER,HKS和CLARK,CM是发文量最多的作者,《Journal of Nursing Management》是载文量最多的期刊,University of Western Ontario是重要的研究机构;研究热点主要集中在负面影响、护理质量以及干预策略等方面。结论护士遭遇不文明行为的研究在国际上已形成热潮,而我国稍显滞后,希望能够紧随国际步伐,结合研究热点,探索并建立适合中国国情的“护士职业安全与尊严保障体系”,以推动护理事业的健康、可持续发展。
文摘目的:分析国内外老年人久坐行为研究的热点与前沿,以期为相关研究提供参考。方法:采用CiteSpace 6.4.R1软件对2005年1月—2025年7月中国知网与Web of Science核心合集中老年人久坐行为的相关文献进行可视化分析。结果:共纳入中文文献87篇、英文文献867篇。年发文量总体呈上升趋势,但国内发文较国际仍有较大差距。研究热点主要聚焦于身体活动、积极老龄化等方面;未来研究趋势将聚焦于久坐行为对心理健康和睡眠质量的影响,并强调文化适应性和规范化实践转化的重要性。结论:国内该领域研究尚属于探索阶段,目前发展较为缓慢。未来可借鉴国际研究热点与前沿方向,拓展研究思路,加强对该领域的关注与投入,以促进我国在老年人久坐行为与健康研究方面的深入发展。
文摘Okinawa in the subtropical islands enclosed in the ocean has a problem that corrosion of structures progresses quickly because of high temperature, high humidity and adhesion of sea-water mists flying from sea. Author is interested in corrosion of bridge made of weatherability steel. Therefore, it needs to investigate the flow structure around bridge beams and behavior of sea-water mist (droplet). In this paper, flow visualization and PIV are attempted to understand the flow structures around bridge beams and, furthermore, numerical approach of motion of droplets is attempted to understand the collision of sea-water mists on the bridge wall.
基金Project(50808025)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013GK3012)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province,China
文摘A novel method case-based reasoning was proposed for suspicious behavior recognition. The method is composed of three departs: human behavior decomposition, human behavior case representation and case-based reasoning. The new approach was proposed to decompose behavior into sub-behaviors that are easier to recognize using a saliency-based visual attention model. New representation of behavior was introduced, in which the sub-behavior and the associated time characteristic of sub-behavior were used to represent behavior case. In the process of case-based reasoning, apart from considering the similarity of basic sub-behaviors,order factor was proposed to measure the similarity of a time order among the sub-behaviors and span factor was used to measure the similarity of duration time of each sub-behavior, which makes the similarity calculations more rational and comprehensive.Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in comparison with other related works and can run in real-time for the recognition of suspicious behaviors.
基金Supported by Major Development Program of Sichuan Province(18ZDYF1790)Key Technology R&D Program of Chengdu City(2015-HM01-00484-SF)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2018ZX100201AA-002-004)
文摘Online question and answer(Q&A)communities,which allow users to exchange knowledge by asking and answering questions,have become increasingly popular.As a result of user active participation,these communities store overwhelming volumes of information.However,existing related methods are unable to meet community operators’needs for analyzing multi-dimensional Q&A sequences and understanding user behavior.In this paper,collaborating with domain experts in online community,we present a system,VisQAC,which explores the patterns of Q&A sequence and user behavior.In the system,a novel visual design is proposed,which is combined with flexible mapping measures for analyzing critical characteristics of sequence data.Moreover,a timeline visualization method is designed to visualize data with categorical attributes and its correlation can be displayed flexibly by choosing time mode and time granularity.The usefulness and effectiveness of the system are demonstrated with several case studies of VisQAC with community operators based on the Zhihu dataset.Our evaluation shows that VisQAC is beneficial to the understanding of Q&A sequence and associated user behavior.
基金Projects(59374166,58974155) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The downward moving behavior of pellets in a 8 m2 pellet shaft furnace with an internal vertical air channel and a drying bed was studied by means of a visualized model(1-15) and a top model(1-1).The visualized model experiment shows that the downward movement of pellets can be regarded as plug flow approximately inside the furnace except for the lower region of cooling zone due to the influence of the drained hopper.The top model experiment reveals that the pellet sizes increase along the moving direction because of the percolation phenomenon,which results in a decrease of the resistance coefficient and an increase of the gas flow rate from the furnace wall toward the furnace center.
文摘The study of defense behavior development in pied flycatcher altricial nestlings has shown that preceding visual deprivation decreased the capability to freeze in the young. At the same time, auditory thresholds of deprived nestlings were lower than those of the nestlings developing in unaltered visual environment. Our goal in the present work was to study effects of visual input on the functional development of neural circuitry for flycatcher’s acoustically-guided defensive behavior. We compared the immunohistochemical response of transcription factors ZENK and c-Fos in the nestlings’ auditory telencephalic structures in visually deprived and non-deprived flycatcher nestlings to alarm calls emitted by adult birds. We have demonstrated that the development of flycatcher nestlings under the conditions of limited visual afferentation results in the decrease of induction of the immediate-early genes c-Fos and ZENK in auditory structures of 9-day-old nestlings performing auditory-guided defense behavior. The most marked decrease of induction of both genes is observed in Field L. Our data suggest that visual afferentation affects neuronal activations in higher auditory structures of nestlings’ brain that, in turn, may increase the efficiency of species-typical alarm call. Thus, the work demonstrated for the first time that visual affererntation facilitates the growth of efficiency of alarm call affecting the activity of neurons in auditory integrative structures.
文摘Mechanisms of predator detection and the influence of the presence of nonlethal predators on antipredator defense behavior and metamorphic traits were studied in the Indian tree frog, Polypedates maculatus. Exposure of P. maculatus tadpoles to chemical cues of caged predator（crabs, Barytelphusa spp.） fed with either conspecific or heterogeneric tadpoles, or were starved elicited defense behavior（by avoiding predator zone） in them. Such a behavior was not evident when exposed to predators housed in a glass beaker（visual cues）. Both early（Gosner stage 27–28） and later（Gosner stage 35–36） stage tadpoles when exposed to caged predators（fed with conspecific tadpoles）, prey tadpoles spent less time swimming and remained motionless for longer periods. Yet, the time spent by prey in feeding was unaffected. Further, the predator avoidance behavior exhibited by them was of the same intensity regardless of whether the caged predators were fed or starved implying the influence of predator＇s kairomones. Tadpoles reared with caged predator reached the metamorphic climax stage（MC stage; Gosner stage 42） earlier than those reared without a predator. Size at emergence（Gosner stage 46） was comparable in both the groups. The findings suggest that P. maculatus tadpoles assess predation risk chiefly by sensing kairomones of the predator in eliciting antipredator defense behaviors. Accelerated development and early metamorphosis without any compromise of the size at emergence may be due to their unaltered feeding activity.
