Aging often results in reduced visual acuity from changes in both the eye and neural circuits [1-4]. In normally aging subjects, primary visual cortex has been shown to have reduced responses to visual stimulation [5]...Aging often results in reduced visual acuity from changes in both the eye and neural circuits [1-4]. In normally aging subjects, primary visual cortex has been shown to have reduced responses to visual stimulation [5]. It is not known, however, to what extent aging affects visual field repre-sentations and population receptive sizes in human primary visual cortex. Here we use func-tional MRI (fMRI) and population receptive field (pRF) modeling [6] to measure angular and ec-centric retinotopic representations and population receptive fields in primary visual cortex in healthy aging subjects ages 57 - 70 and in healthy young volunteers ages 24 - 36 (n = 9). Retinotopic stimuli consisted of black and white, drifting checkerboards comprising moving bars 11 deg in radius. Primary visual cortex (V1) was clearly identifiable along the calcarine sulcus in all hemispheres. There was a significant decrease in the surface area of V1 from 0 to 3 deg eccentricity in the aging subjects with respect to the young subjects (p = 0.039). The coherence of the fMRI% BOLD modulation was significantly decreased in the aging subjects compared to the young subjects in the more peripheral eccentricity band from 7 to 10 deg (p = 0.029). Finally, pRF sizes were significantly increased within the 0 to 3 deg foveal representation of V1 in the aging subjects compared to the young subjects (p = 0.019). Understanding the extent of changes that occur in primary visual cortex during normal aging is essential both for understanding the normal aging process and for comparisons of healthy, aging subjects with aging patients suffering from age-related visual and cortical disorders.展开更多
Recent studies show that a reduced effect of inhibitory transmitter system in the visual cortex may underlie aged visual function degradation. Whether excitatory transmitter system changes with age and hence affects i...Recent studies show that a reduced effect of inhibitory transmitter system in the visual cortex may underlie aged visual function degradation. Whether excitatory transmitter system changes with age and hence affects intracortical excitation-inhibition balance is not clear. To explore this issue, we used Nissl staining and immunohistochemical methods as well as Image-Pro Express software to examine the density of Nissl-stained neurons, Glutamie acid-immunoreactive （Glu-IR） neurons and T-Aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive （GABA-IR） neurons in the primary visual cortex of young adult and aged cats. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the density of Nissl-stained neurons between young and old cats （2〉0.05）. However, the density of Glu-IR neurons and GABA-IR neurons in the primary visual cortex of aged cats was significantly lower than that of young ones （P〈0.01）. The ratio between Glu-IR neurons and GABA-IR neurons was significantly increased in old cats compared to that in young adult ones （P〈0.01）. These results indicated that the effect of excitatory transmitter system in the old visual cortex was increased relative to the inhibitory transmitter system, which might cause an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition and might be an important factor mediating the visual function decline during aging.展开更多
Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss...Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .展开更多
Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes...Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes. Reliable data on the prevalence and causes of VI in children will guide the development of a systematic vision screening program for its early detection and successful treatment of possible causes. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on prevalence and causes of VI in school-age children from various regions globally. A discussion on the major findings highlighting the definition criteria, classifications and limitations for further studies is also presented.展开更多
Purpose: To investigate the visual acuity of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Shenzhen of China. Methods:Visual acuity was measured in preschoolers from eight kindergartens in Shenzhen. Results:A total of 1147 childr...Purpose: To investigate the visual acuity of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Shenzhen of China. Methods:Visual acuity was measured in preschoolers from eight kindergartens in Shenzhen. Results:A total of 1147 children completed the visual acuity test.There were 77 boys and 62 girls aged 3 years,259 and 216 aged 4,193 and 160 aged 5 and 94 and 86 aged 6. The mean visual acuities of children aged 3,4,5,and 6 years were 0.51±0.10, 0.54±0.13, 0.65±0.14, and 0.71±0.17, respectively. The visual acuity was significantly improved with increasing age (P=0.000). Conclusion:For preschoolers aged 3 to 6, the visual acuity continuously develops and improves. Therefore, age should be considered when diagnosing amblyopia in children.展开更多
Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reporte...Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between NMF levels and aging, while few studies have investigated this relationship clinically. To fill this research gap, we determined the levels of major NMF components such as free amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and urocanic acids, and individually verified their relationships with skin hydration, barrier function, age, and skin aging. Purpose: The objective of this study was to clinically investigate the relationship between NMF components levels and skin aging in facial skin. The main NMF components were obtained from facial skin and quantified. We then selected NMF components showing strong relationships to skin hydration, and analyzed the relationships of the levels of these selected NMF components with signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). We also examined the efficacy of treatment with a skin care formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, called SK-II FTE hereafter) including Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, PiteraTM) on the selected NMF component levels associated with skin hydration and barrier function, and the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Method: We conducted two clinical trials in this research. In Study 1, we measured 23 NMF components using tape-stripped cornified layer to quantify them via an HPLC method in 196 Asian females aged 20 to 59 (mean S.D., 38.6 9.4). Facial visual aging parameters [texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value)], as well as elasticity (R7), skin hydration, and TEWL, were quantified using facial skin imaging and skin physical property measurement devices. Study 2 was performed to evaluate whether the facial application of SK-II FTE affects the NMF levels and skin aging parameters in 63 Asian female volunteers aged 20 to 55 (38.4 9.03). During the course of Study 2, 0.6 mL of SK-II FTE was applied to the face twice daily in the morning and afternoon. Skin measurements were performed at the start of the day (baseline) and at week 8. Results: In Study 1, we examined the stratum corneum levels of 23 NMF components comparing to the skin hydration status in 196 female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups using the median of each measured NMF component. Skin hydration values were compared between the two groups defined for each NMF component. The results showed that subjects with higher levels of six amino acids, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine, exhibited significantly higher skin hydration than those with lower amino acid levels. No significant differences in skin hydration values were found for the other 17 NMF components. We then analyzed whether the sum of these six amino acid NMF components (called 6-AA-NMFs, hereafter) is affected by aging. The 6-AA-NMF level peaked in the subjects aged 25-29, and then gradually and significantly decreased with age. Interestingly, the 6-AA-NMF level was significantly correlated with the skin hydration value, but not with TEWL. In addition, the 6-AA-NMF level demonstrated significant correlations with the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Then, in Study 2, we examined whether the daily application of SK-II FTE affects the 6-AA-NMF level and visual aging parameters in 63 females. SK-II FTE demonstrated significant increases of the levels of 6-AA-NMFs and each of its components associated with hydration and barrier function, and improvements of skin texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value) during the 8 weeks of treatment of facial skin. Conclusion: These clinical studies with large numbers of subjects across a wide age range revealed that six amino acids as NMF components were highly correlated with facial skin hydration in the stratum corneum. The levels of these six NMF components were also found to decrease at ages after the 30 s and were significantly correlated with major signs of skin aging. Notably, these six NMF components (6-AA-NMFs) were increased by SK-II FTE treatment associated with improvements of skin hydration and signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). These studies were limited by the lack of investigation of why some NMF components were not associated with skin hydration. More clinical trials examining various NMF components and their relationship with aging are anticipated.展开更多
Objective:To summarize the recent 10 years of related literature on stem cell effect on aging and explore the research results and hot topics.Methods:Based on the core databaseof Web of Science,all relevant literature...Objective:To summarize the recent 10 years of related literature on stem cell effect on aging and explore the research results and hot topics.Methods:Based on the core databaseof Web of Science,all relevant literature from January 1,2012,to December 31,2021,was screened,and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software was used to show the intrinsic value of literature.The number of publications,research institutions,research countries,co-cited literature,and keywords was analyzed and visualized.Results:In the past 10 years,the total number of articles published showed an upward trend.The number of articles published by relevant countries was 3,911,and the United States had the most significant number of articles published and the highest centrality.The research institutions were mainly universities,supplemented by research centers,and the quality of articles published by famous foreign universities in this field was high.The most co-cited literature is“Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan”by Darren J Baker,which clarifies the feasibility of cell therapy for aging.The high-frequency keywords are stem cell,senescence,expression,etc.,and the most central ones are cancer cell,migration and DNA repair,etc.In addition,emergent words and clustering show that research hotspots are mainly in the aging mechanism.There are many research entry points,and the pathogenesis and development of senescence,therapeutic targets of ion channels in senescent cells,and their effects on exosomes are the main focus of current research.Conclusion:Literature through the analysis of 10 years of research literature summary suggests that stem cell function in aging still needs further study;the United States is in the leading position in this regard,and the research results also show that research institutions dominate in the developed countries,North America and Europe in the increasing number of papers at the same time,and China should pay attention to the quality of the post,in order to make more progress.The literature of some high-quality scholars can be used as a reference to expand our thinking.The aging mechanism still needs to be many follow-upstudies to clarify the pathway and target in the treatment of more refined Alzheimer’s disease and other age-related diseases need to delve into.Subsequent scholars should study the specific role of stem cells in treating aging;in recent years,hot words,such as exosomes,oxidative stress,etc.,can be used as the thinking of the follow-up study and contribute to the development of the field.展开更多
“A framework of biomarkers for visual system aging:a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium”是由衰老标志物研究联合体(Aging Biomarker Consortium,ABC)制定的首个系统性评估视觉衰老的多维度指标体系。该体...“A framework of biomarkers for visual system aging:a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium”是由衰老标志物研究联合体(Aging Biomarker Consortium,ABC)制定的首个系统性评估视觉衰老的多维度指标体系。该体系整合功能、结构和分子层面的生物标志物,旨在建立标准化工具,以早期识别衰老相关眼病风险、揭示潜在机制并指导精准干预。功能标志物反映临床表型,结构标志物提供影像学依据,分子标志物则阐释生物学机制。该框架的提出填补了视觉衰老量化评估的空白,为个体化眼健康管理和抗衰老研究提供了重要基础,但其临床应用仍需进一步验证,检测技术仍需优化。展开更多
“十四五”时期,我国即将迈入中度老龄化阶段,老旧小区适老化设计已成为相关研究热点。基于CiteSpace软件,对2000—2023年间中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WoS)数据库中收录的老旧小区适老化设计相关文献进行可视化分析,梳理并对比国...“十四五”时期,我国即将迈入中度老龄化阶段,老旧小区适老化设计已成为相关研究热点。基于CiteSpace软件,对2000—2023年间中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WoS)数据库中收录的老旧小区适老化设计相关文献进行可视化分析,梳理并对比国内外该领域的研究热点与发展趋势。借鉴国际实践经验,可为我国该领域研究方向提供参考,以促进老龄化社会背景下人居环境的和谐发展。展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration （wAMD） in Chinese patients and to determine the mean number of injections administered over one year of foll...AIM： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration （wAMD） in Chinese patients and to determine the mean number of injections administered over one year of follow-up. METHODS： This single centre, retrospective observational case series study included data from 121 patients with wAMD （121 eyes） who were diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescence fundus angiography （FFA）, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Ranibizumab was injected into the vitreous cavities once per month for 3mo and as needed afterwards. Changes in visual acuity and central foveal thickness （CFT） during the follow-up period were compared, and the mean number of injections over the year was calculated. Patients with one or more adverse events related to the drugs and injections were recorded for further adverse events analysis.RESULTS： The study population included 70 males and 51 females aged between 50 and 87y （mean： 71.32±9.41y）. The mean number of injections over the first year was 5±1 （range： 3-9）. The mean best-corrected visual acuity by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study increased from 43.2±19.3 （95%CI： 39.8-46.7） at baseline to 51.7±20.1 （95%CI： 48.1-55.3）, and central foveal thickness （CFT） decreased from 526.5±277.0 μm （95%CI： 476.6-576.4） to 258.2±161.6 μm （95%CI： 229.2-287.3） at 12mo. The differences were statistically significant （P〈0.001）. Visual acuity significantly improved in 34.1% of the patients （38 eyes）, stabilized in 66.1% of the patients （80 eyes）, and significantly decreased in 2.5% of the patients （3 eyes）. CFT at baseline was an independent risk factor of decreased CFT and increased visual acuity. None of the patients had severe adverse events during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION： Ranibizumab can effectively control disease progression and improve visual acuity in patients with wAMD. The disease conditions of most patients stabilized after a one-year treatment with an average of 5 injections.展开更多
·AIM:Toevaluatethevisualfunctionevolutionofretinal pigment epithelial(RPE) tears in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD) according to type of occurrence [spontaneous or secondary to anti-vascular e...·AIM:Toevaluatethevisualfunctionevolutionofretinal pigment epithelial(RPE) tears in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD) according to type of occurrence [spontaneous or secondary to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF) injection] and the topographic location of the tear after a two-year followup period.·METHODS: A total of 15 eyes of 14 patients with RPE tears in exudative AMD were analyzed retrospectively at the University Eye Clinic of Trieste. Inclusion criteria were: patient age of 50 or older with AMD and RPE tears both spontaneous occurring or post anti-VEGF treatment. Screening included: careful medical history,complete ophthalmological examination, fluorescein angiography(FA), indocyanine green angiography(ICG),autofluorescence and infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography(OCT). Patients were evaluated every month for visual acuity(VA), fundus examination and OCT. Other data reported were: presence of PED,number of injections before the tear, location of the lesion.·RESULTS:Meanfollow-up was24wk(SD±4wk). Atotal of 15 eyes were studied for RPE tear. In 6 cases(40%),the RPE tears occurred within two years of anti-VEGF injections the others occurred spontaneously. In 13cases(86.6%), the RPE tear was associated with pigment epithelial detachment(PED). In 7 cases(46.6%), the RPE tear occurred in the central area of the retina and involved the fovea. Two lesions were found in the parafoveal region, six in the extra-macular area. In all cases visual acuity decreased at the end of the follow-up period(P <0.01) independently of the type or the topographical location of the lesion.·CONCLUSION: RPE tear occurs in exudative AMD as a spontaneous complication or in relation to anti-VEGF injections. Visual acuity decreased significantly and gradually in the follow-up period in all cases. No correlation was found between visual loss and the type of onset or the topographic location of the tears.展开更多
Background:It has been suggested that older adults show a reduced attentional field compared to younger adults.This may be attributed to a poorer utilization of peripheral vision(i.e.,peripheral attentional allocation...Background:It has been suggested that older adults show a reduced attentional field compared to younger adults.This may be attributed to a poorer utilization of peripheral vision(i.e.,peripheral attentional allocation)and a higher reliance on central vision compared to younger adults.To test this,we examined the importance of central,peri-foveal and near periphery information in younger and older adults by comparing their visual search performance while their central vision was blocked,in the presence of different sized artificial central scotomas.We tested participants in two versions of visual search,pop-out and serial search,because they require a different use of central and peripheral attention.Pop-out search relies on processing of the entire visual scene(i.e.,global processing)whereas serial search requires processing of each feature serially(i.e.,local processing).Methods:Thirteen healthy younger(M=21.8,SD=1.5)and 15 older adults(M=69.1 years,SD=7.3)performed a pop-out and a serial version of a visual search task in the presence of different sized gaze-contingent artificial central scotomas(no scotoma,3°diameter,5°and 7°).Participants were asked to indicate as quickly as possible whether a target was present or not among distractors whose number varied(16,32 or 64 objects).Results:We found evidence for a greater decline in peripheral processing in older adults compared to younger in pop-out but not in serial search.For the pop-out condition with no scotoma,we found that the further the target in the periphery,the longer the search time,and that this increase was proportionally greater for older adults compared to younger adults.Further,increases in scotoma size were associated with a greater increase in reaction times for older adults compared to younger participants.For the serial condition,both groups showed similar increases in reaction times with target distance from center and scotoma size.We surmise that this may be due to task difficulty in serial search;central vision is necessary for both groups.Conclusions:In conclusion,these findings suggest that,in global processing,older adults distribute more resources towards central vision compared to younger adults.展开更多
文摘Aging often results in reduced visual acuity from changes in both the eye and neural circuits [1-4]. In normally aging subjects, primary visual cortex has been shown to have reduced responses to visual stimulation [5]. It is not known, however, to what extent aging affects visual field repre-sentations and population receptive sizes in human primary visual cortex. Here we use func-tional MRI (fMRI) and population receptive field (pRF) modeling [6] to measure angular and ec-centric retinotopic representations and population receptive fields in primary visual cortex in healthy aging subjects ages 57 - 70 and in healthy young volunteers ages 24 - 36 (n = 9). Retinotopic stimuli consisted of black and white, drifting checkerboards comprising moving bars 11 deg in radius. Primary visual cortex (V1) was clearly identifiable along the calcarine sulcus in all hemispheres. There was a significant decrease in the surface area of V1 from 0 to 3 deg eccentricity in the aging subjects with respect to the young subjects (p = 0.039). The coherence of the fMRI% BOLD modulation was significantly decreased in the aging subjects compared to the young subjects in the more peripheral eccentricity band from 7 to 10 deg (p = 0.029). Finally, pRF sizes were significantly increased within the 0 to 3 deg foveal representation of V1 in the aging subjects compared to the young subjects (p = 0.019). Understanding the extent of changes that occur in primary visual cortex during normal aging is essential both for understanding the normal aging process and for comparisons of healthy, aging subjects with aging patients suffering from age-related visual and cortical disorders.
基金Natural Science Fund of Anhui Province (070413138)Key Laboratory Foundation of Anhui Province for Researches on the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological ResourceKey Laboratory Foundation for Universities and Colleges in Anhui
文摘Recent studies show that a reduced effect of inhibitory transmitter system in the visual cortex may underlie aged visual function degradation. Whether excitatory transmitter system changes with age and hence affects intracortical excitation-inhibition balance is not clear. To explore this issue, we used Nissl staining and immunohistochemical methods as well as Image-Pro Express software to examine the density of Nissl-stained neurons, Glutamie acid-immunoreactive （Glu-IR） neurons and T-Aminobutyric acid-immunoreactive （GABA-IR） neurons in the primary visual cortex of young adult and aged cats. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the density of Nissl-stained neurons between young and old cats （2〉0.05）. However, the density of Glu-IR neurons and GABA-IR neurons in the primary visual cortex of aged cats was significantly lower than that of young ones （P〈0.01）. The ratio between Glu-IR neurons and GABA-IR neurons was significantly increased in old cats compared to that in young adult ones （P〈0.01）. These results indicated that the effect of excitatory transmitter system in the old visual cortex was increased relative to the inhibitory transmitter system, which might cause an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition and might be an important factor mediating the visual function decline during aging.
文摘Background: Aged skin exhibits visual alterations such as wrinkles, rough texture, pore dilation, and dull skin tone, as well as physiological aging, namely, decreased hydration and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Recent advances in coherence tomography have also revealed that skin aging affects in vivo epidermal keratinocyte architecture. However, the interconnectivity between spatial architectural aging and visual/physiological aging parameters remains largely unknown. Purpose: To elucidate whether the tomographic keratinocyte architectural aging is correlated with visual and physiological skin aging parameters and to quantitatively evaluate the improvements of the architectural, visual, and physiological aging parameters by the daily treatment of the skin care formula containing Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF, 8X Pitera<sup>TM</sup>). Method: We measured the in vivo keratinocyte cellular architecture with two-photon stereoscopic tomography obtaining by-layer epidermal section images in 78 Asian females of various ages. Visual aging parameters were analyzed using a portable image capture system. Hydration and TEWL were also assessed. The anti-aging effects of GFF-containing skin moisturizer (SK-II LXP Cream<sup>TM</sup>) were also examined in two studies after twice-daily application for 2 (N = 35) and 4 (N = 32) weeks. Results: As for the keratinocyte cellular architecture, skin aging was significantly associated with decreased cell density and increased cell uniformity. These architectural aging parameters were significantly correlated with visual and physiological aging parameters, namely, rough texture, wrinkles, pore dilation, dull skin tone, dehydration, and increased TEWL. The strong interconnectivity allowed us to develop formulae to estimate the keratinocyte architecture from visual aging parameters. Moreover, twice-daily application of SK-II significantly improved the keratinocyte architecture associated with multiple skin aging visual and physiological parameters. Conclusion: Skin aging is a process involving mutual interconnections among epidermal keratinocyte cellular architecture, visual, and physiological parameters. The GFF-containing moisturizer SK-II effectively improves spatial architecture of keratinocytes in epidermis and these evaluated skin aging parameters in a new trajectory over the course of treatment. .
文摘Childhood visual impairment(VI) have a significant impact on the educational achievement, career choices and social life of affected individual, and in children, is mainly due to either preventable or treatable causes. Reliable data on the prevalence and causes of VI in children will guide the development of a systematic vision screening program for its early detection and successful treatment of possible causes. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the available data on prevalence and causes of VI in school-age children from various regions globally. A discussion on the major findings highlighting the definition criteria, classifications and limitations for further studies is also presented.
文摘Purpose: To investigate the visual acuity of preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years in Shenzhen of China. Methods:Visual acuity was measured in preschoolers from eight kindergartens in Shenzhen. Results:A total of 1147 children completed the visual acuity test.There were 77 boys and 62 girls aged 3 years,259 and 216 aged 4,193 and 160 aged 5 and 94 and 86 aged 6. The mean visual acuities of children aged 3,4,5,and 6 years were 0.51±0.10, 0.54±0.13, 0.65±0.14, and 0.71±0.17, respectively. The visual acuity was significantly improved with increasing age (P=0.000). Conclusion:For preschoolers aged 3 to 6, the visual acuity continuously develops and improves. Therefore, age should be considered when diagnosing amblyopia in children.
文摘Background: Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are filaggrin-derived components in the cornified layer that are critical for maintaining healthy skin moisturization and barrier function. However, studies have reported conflicting findings on the relationship between NMF levels and aging, while few studies have investigated this relationship clinically. To fill this research gap, we determined the levels of major NMF components such as free amino acids, pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, and urocanic acids, and individually verified their relationships with skin hydration, barrier function, age, and skin aging. Purpose: The objective of this study was to clinically investigate the relationship between NMF components levels and skin aging in facial skin. The main NMF components were obtained from facial skin and quantified. We then selected NMF components showing strong relationships to skin hydration, and analyzed the relationships of the levels of these selected NMF components with signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). We also examined the efficacy of treatment with a skin care formula (SK-II Facial Treatment Essence, called SK-II FTE hereafter) including Galactomyces ferment filtrate (GFF, PiteraTM) on the selected NMF component levels associated with skin hydration and barrier function, and the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Method: We conducted two clinical trials in this research. In Study 1, we measured 23 NMF components using tape-stripped cornified layer to quantify them via an HPLC method in 196 Asian females aged 20 to 59 (mean S.D., 38.6 9.4). Facial visual aging parameters [texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value)], as well as elasticity (R7), skin hydration, and TEWL, were quantified using facial skin imaging and skin physical property measurement devices. Study 2 was performed to evaluate whether the facial application of SK-II FTE affects the NMF levels and skin aging parameters in 63 Asian female volunteers aged 20 to 55 (38.4 9.03). During the course of Study 2, 0.6 mL of SK-II FTE was applied to the face twice daily in the morning and afternoon. Skin measurements were performed at the start of the day (baseline) and at week 8. Results: In Study 1, we examined the stratum corneum levels of 23 NMF components comparing to the skin hydration status in 196 female subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups using the median of each measured NMF component. Skin hydration values were compared between the two groups defined for each NMF component. The results showed that subjects with higher levels of six amino acids, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, glycine, and histidine, exhibited significantly higher skin hydration than those with lower amino acid levels. No significant differences in skin hydration values were found for the other 17 NMF components. We then analyzed whether the sum of these six amino acid NMF components (called 6-AA-NMFs, hereafter) is affected by aging. The 6-AA-NMF level peaked in the subjects aged 25-29, and then gradually and significantly decreased with age. Interestingly, the 6-AA-NMF level was significantly correlated with the skin hydration value, but not with TEWL. In addition, the 6-AA-NMF level demonstrated significant correlations with the signs of skin aging of texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). Then, in Study 2, we examined whether the daily application of SK-II FTE affects the 6-AA-NMF level and visual aging parameters in 63 females. SK-II FTE demonstrated significant increases of the levels of 6-AA-NMFs and each of its components associated with hydration and barrier function, and improvements of skin texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value) during the 8 weeks of treatment of facial skin. Conclusion: These clinical studies with large numbers of subjects across a wide age range revealed that six amino acids as NMF components were highly correlated with facial skin hydration in the stratum corneum. The levels of these six NMF components were also found to decrease at ages after the 30 s and were significantly correlated with major signs of skin aging. Notably, these six NMF components (6-AA-NMFs) were increased by SK-II FTE treatment associated with improvements of skin hydration and signs of skin aging, namely, texture, pores, wrinkles, and dullness (L-value). These studies were limited by the lack of investigation of why some NMF components were not associated with skin hydration. More clinical trials examining various NMF components and their relationship with aging are anticipated.
文摘Objective:To summarize the recent 10 years of related literature on stem cell effect on aging and explore the research results and hot topics.Methods:Based on the core databaseof Web of Science,all relevant literature from January 1,2012,to December 31,2021,was screened,and CiteSpace 6.1.R2 software was used to show the intrinsic value of literature.The number of publications,research institutions,research countries,co-cited literature,and keywords was analyzed and visualized.Results:In the past 10 years,the total number of articles published showed an upward trend.The number of articles published by relevant countries was 3,911,and the United States had the most significant number of articles published and the highest centrality.The research institutions were mainly universities,supplemented by research centers,and the quality of articles published by famous foreign universities in this field was high.The most co-cited literature is“Naturally occurring p16(Ink4a)-positive cells shorten healthy lifespan”by Darren J Baker,which clarifies the feasibility of cell therapy for aging.The high-frequency keywords are stem cell,senescence,expression,etc.,and the most central ones are cancer cell,migration and DNA repair,etc.In addition,emergent words and clustering show that research hotspots are mainly in the aging mechanism.There are many research entry points,and the pathogenesis and development of senescence,therapeutic targets of ion channels in senescent cells,and their effects on exosomes are the main focus of current research.Conclusion:Literature through the analysis of 10 years of research literature summary suggests that stem cell function in aging still needs further study;the United States is in the leading position in this regard,and the research results also show that research institutions dominate in the developed countries,North America and Europe in the increasing number of papers at the same time,and China should pay attention to the quality of the post,in order to make more progress.The literature of some high-quality scholars can be used as a reference to expand our thinking.The aging mechanism still needs to be many follow-upstudies to clarify the pathway and target in the treatment of more refined Alzheimer’s disease and other age-related diseases need to delve into.Subsequent scholars should study the specific role of stem cells in treating aging;in recent years,hot words,such as exosomes,oxidative stress,etc.,can be used as the thinking of the follow-up study and contribute to the development of the field.
文摘“A framework of biomarkers for visual system aging:a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium”是由衰老标志物研究联合体(Aging Biomarker Consortium,ABC)制定的首个系统性评估视觉衰老的多维度指标体系。该体系整合功能、结构和分子层面的生物标志物,旨在建立标准化工具,以早期识别衰老相关眼病风险、揭示潜在机制并指导精准干预。功能标志物反映临床表型,结构标志物提供影像学依据,分子标志物则阐释生物学机制。该框架的提出填补了视觉衰老量化评估的空白,为个体化眼健康管理和抗衰老研究提供了重要基础,但其临床应用仍需进一步验证,检测技术仍需优化。
文摘“十四五”时期,我国即将迈入中度老龄化阶段,老旧小区适老化设计已成为相关研究热点。基于CiteSpace软件,对2000—2023年间中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WoS)数据库中收录的老旧小区适老化设计相关文献进行可视化分析,梳理并对比国内外该领域的研究热点与发展趋势。借鉴国际实践经验,可为我国该领域研究方向提供参考,以促进老龄化社会背景下人居环境的和谐发展。
文摘AIM： To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration （wAMD） in Chinese patients and to determine the mean number of injections administered over one year of follow-up. METHODS： This single centre, retrospective observational case series study included data from 121 patients with wAMD （121 eyes） who were diagnosed by indirect ophthalmoscopy, fluorescence fundus angiography （FFA）, indocyanine green angiography, and optical coherence tomography. Ranibizumab was injected into the vitreous cavities once per month for 3mo and as needed afterwards. Changes in visual acuity and central foveal thickness （CFT） during the follow-up period were compared, and the mean number of injections over the year was calculated. Patients with one or more adverse events related to the drugs and injections were recorded for further adverse events analysis.RESULTS： The study population included 70 males and 51 females aged between 50 and 87y （mean： 71.32±9.41y）. The mean number of injections over the first year was 5±1 （range： 3-9）. The mean best-corrected visual acuity by Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study increased from 43.2±19.3 （95%CI： 39.8-46.7） at baseline to 51.7±20.1 （95%CI： 48.1-55.3）, and central foveal thickness （CFT） decreased from 526.5±277.0 μm （95%CI： 476.6-576.4） to 258.2±161.6 μm （95%CI： 229.2-287.3） at 12mo. The differences were statistically significant （P〈0.001）. Visual acuity significantly improved in 34.1% of the patients （38 eyes）, stabilized in 66.1% of the patients （80 eyes）, and significantly decreased in 2.5% of the patients （3 eyes）. CFT at baseline was an independent risk factor of decreased CFT and increased visual acuity. None of the patients had severe adverse events during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION： Ranibizumab can effectively control disease progression and improve visual acuity in patients with wAMD. The disease conditions of most patients stabilized after a one-year treatment with an average of 5 injections.
文摘·AIM:Toevaluatethevisualfunctionevolutionofretinal pigment epithelial(RPE) tears in patients with age-related macular degeneration(AMD) according to type of occurrence [spontaneous or secondary to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(anti-VEGF) injection] and the topographic location of the tear after a two-year followup period.·METHODS: A total of 15 eyes of 14 patients with RPE tears in exudative AMD were analyzed retrospectively at the University Eye Clinic of Trieste. Inclusion criteria were: patient age of 50 or older with AMD and RPE tears both spontaneous occurring or post anti-VEGF treatment. Screening included: careful medical history,complete ophthalmological examination, fluorescein angiography(FA), indocyanine green angiography(ICG),autofluorescence and infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography(OCT). Patients were evaluated every month for visual acuity(VA), fundus examination and OCT. Other data reported were: presence of PED,number of injections before the tear, location of the lesion.·RESULTS:Meanfollow-up was24wk(SD±4wk). Atotal of 15 eyes were studied for RPE tear. In 6 cases(40%),the RPE tears occurred within two years of anti-VEGF injections the others occurred spontaneously. In 13cases(86.6%), the RPE tear was associated with pigment epithelial detachment(PED). In 7 cases(46.6%), the RPE tear occurred in the central area of the retina and involved the fovea. Two lesions were found in the parafoveal region, six in the extra-macular area. In all cases visual acuity decreased at the end of the follow-up period(P <0.01) independently of the type or the topographical location of the lesion.·CONCLUSION: RPE tear occurs in exudative AMD as a spontaneous complication or in relation to anti-VEGF injections. Visual acuity decreased significantly and gradually in the follow-up period in all cases. No correlation was found between visual loss and the type of onset or the topographic location of the tears.
文摘Background:It has been suggested that older adults show a reduced attentional field compared to younger adults.This may be attributed to a poorer utilization of peripheral vision(i.e.,peripheral attentional allocation)and a higher reliance on central vision compared to younger adults.To test this,we examined the importance of central,peri-foveal and near periphery information in younger and older adults by comparing their visual search performance while their central vision was blocked,in the presence of different sized artificial central scotomas.We tested participants in two versions of visual search,pop-out and serial search,because they require a different use of central and peripheral attention.Pop-out search relies on processing of the entire visual scene(i.e.,global processing)whereas serial search requires processing of each feature serially(i.e.,local processing).Methods:Thirteen healthy younger(M=21.8,SD=1.5)and 15 older adults(M=69.1 years,SD=7.3)performed a pop-out and a serial version of a visual search task in the presence of different sized gaze-contingent artificial central scotomas(no scotoma,3°diameter,5°and 7°).Participants were asked to indicate as quickly as possible whether a target was present or not among distractors whose number varied(16,32 or 64 objects).Results:We found evidence for a greater decline in peripheral processing in older adults compared to younger in pop-out but not in serial search.For the pop-out condition with no scotoma,we found that the further the target in the periphery,the longer the search time,and that this increase was proportionally greater for older adults compared to younger adults.Further,increases in scotoma size were associated with a greater increase in reaction times for older adults compared to younger participants.For the serial condition,both groups showed similar increases in reaction times with target distance from center and scotoma size.We surmise that this may be due to task difficulty in serial search;central vision is necessary for both groups.Conclusions:In conclusion,these findings suggest that,in global processing,older adults distribute more resources towards central vision compared to younger adults.
