Photocatalysis based on semiconductors has recently been receiving considerable research interest because of its extensive applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation.Various semiconducto...Photocatalysis based on semiconductors has recently been receiving considerable research interest because of its extensive applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation.Various semiconductor-based materials that are vital to solar energy utilization have been extensively investigated,among which titanium oxide(TiO_(2))has attracted considerable attention because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics.However,the sluggish responsiveness to visible light in the solar spectrum and the inefficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs hamper the practical application of TiO_(2) materials.To overcome the aforementioned serious drawbacks of TiO_(2),numerous strategies,such as doping with foreign atoms,particularly nitrogen(N),have been improved in the past few decades.This review aims to provide a comprehensive update and description of the recent developments of N-doped TiO_(2) materials for visible lightresponsive photocatalysis,such as(1)the preparation of N-doped/co-doped TiO_(2) photocatalysts and(2)mechanistic studies on the reasons for visible light response.Furthermore,the most recent and significant advances in the field of solar energy applications of modified N-doped TiO_(2) are summarized.The analysis indicated the critical need for further development of these types of materials for the solar-to-energy conversion,particularly for water splitting purposes.展开更多
I-doped titanium dioxide nanospheres （I-TNSs） were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route, their potential for the efficient utilization of visible light was evaluated. The prepared anatase-phase I-...I-doped titanium dioxide nanospheres （I-TNSs） were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route, their potential for the efficient utilization of visible light was evaluated. The prepared anatase-phase I-TNSs had a bimodal porous size distribution with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 76 m2/g, a crystallite size of approximately 14 nm calculated from X-ray diffraction data, and a remarkable absorption in the visible light region at wavelengths 〉 400 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by decoloration of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation in comparison to the iodine-doped TiO2 （I-TiO2）. The I-TNSs showed higher photocatalytic efficiency compared with I-TiO2 after irradiation for 180 rain even though the latter had a much greater surface area （115 m2/g）. It was concluded that the surface area was not the predominant factor determining photocatalytic activity, and that the good crystallization and bimodal porous nanosphere structure were favourable for photocatalysis.展开更多
Conjugated microporous polymer(CMP)is an emerging organic semiconductor withπ-conjugated skeletons,and the bandgap of CMP can be flexibly modulated to harvest visible light.Based on the diversity and adjustability of...Conjugated microporous polymer(CMP)is an emerging organic semiconductor withπ-conjugated skeletons,and the bandgap of CMP can be flexibly modulated to harvest visible light.Based on the diversity and adjustability of monomers in CMP,we designed and synthesized donor-accepter(D-A)type BTNCMP through Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization,further in-situ constructing series of inorganic/organic Z-scheme BW/BTN-n composite in the presence of Bi_(2)WO_(6).After optimization,the tetracycline hydrochloride(C0=10 mg·L^(-1))degradation efficiency reached 84%with BW/BTN-2 as catalyst in 90 min under visible light irradiation,the apparent rate constant k1 is 0.017 min^(-1),which is 1.7 and 5.7 times higher than bare Bi_(2)WO_(6) and BTN-CMP.X-ray photoelectron spectra and UV-Vis diffuse spectra showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity originated from the tight heterojunction between Bi_(2)WO_(6) and BTN-CMP,which can extend the light absorption range and facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated charges in the interface of heterojunction.The active species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance technique revealed that h+was the dominant active species during the photodegradation process of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The present study demonstrated the feasibility to construct inorganic/organic composite for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants.展开更多
Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antib...Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.展开更多
The removal of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and bacteria from aquaculture wastewater holds paramount ecological and production significance.In this study,Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts were prepared by deposit...The removal of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and bacteria from aquaculture wastewater holds paramount ecological and production significance.In this study,Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts were prepared by depositing Pt and RuO_(2)particles onto g-C_(3)N_(4).The physicochemical properties of photocatalysts were explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer(UV–vis DRS).The photocatalysts were then applied to the removal of both NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria from simulated mariculture wastewater.The results clarified that the removals of both NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria were in the sequence of g-C_(3)N_(4)<RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)<Pt/g-C_(3)N_(4)<Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4).This magnificent photocatalytic ability of Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)can be interpreted by the transfer of holes from g-C_(3)N_(4)to RuO_(2)to facilitate the in situ generation of HClO from Cl^(−)in wastewater,while Pt extracts photogenerated electrons for H_(2)formation to enhance the reaction.The removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N and disinfection effect were more pronounced in simulated seawater than in purewater.The removal efficiency ofNH_(4)^(+)-N increases with an increase in pH of wastewater,while the bactericidal effect was more significant under a lower pH in a pH range of 6–9.In actual seawater aquaculture wastewater,Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)still exhibits effective removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)-N and bactericidal performance under sunlight.This study provides an alternative avenue for removement of NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria from saline waters under sunlight.展开更多
Using natural minerals to eliminate harmful Cr(Ⅵ)under sustainable sunshine has significant potential.Herein,Palygorskite nanorods were utilized as carriers for the in-situ synthesis of CaIn_(2)S_(4) photocatalysts t...Using natural minerals to eliminate harmful Cr(Ⅵ)under sustainable sunshine has significant potential.Herein,Palygorskite nanorods were utilized as carriers for the in-situ synthesis of CaIn_(2)S_(4) photocatalysts through a simple one-pot thermal process,enabling the efficient reduction of Cr(Ⅵ).With a Palygorskite to CaIn_(2)S_(4) mass ratio of 5%,the conversion rate of Cr(Ⅵ)reached 98%after 60min of visible-light exposure,with a remarkable reaction rate of 0.0633 min^(-1).The effective integration of CaIn_(2)S_(4) with Palygorskite led to a more uniform dispersion of CaIn_(2)S_(4),exposing more reactive sites.Moreover,the establishment of a heterojunction between CaIn_(2)S_(4) and Palygorskite facilitated the transport of photogenerated electrons from CaIn_(2)S_(4),enhancing the efficiency of charge separation.These factors contribute to the improved photocatalytic performance.Additionally,the developed composite photocatalysts demonstrated excellent stability under light exposure and could be reused efficiently.Trapping tests on active substances revealed that e-played key roles in the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction.This research suggests the potential of using natural minerals to fabricate composite photocatalysts capable of effectively removing pollutants from the environment using solar energy.展开更多
The fusion of infrared and visible images should emphasize the salient targets in the infrared image while preserving the textural details of the visible images.To meet these requirements,an autoencoder-based method f...The fusion of infrared and visible images should emphasize the salient targets in the infrared image while preserving the textural details of the visible images.To meet these requirements,an autoencoder-based method for infrared and visible image fusion is proposed.The encoder designed according to the optimization objective consists of a base encoder and a detail encoder,which is used to extract low-frequency and high-frequency information from the image.This extraction may lead to some information not being captured,so a compensation encoder is proposed to supplement the missing information.Multi-scale decomposition is also employed to extract image features more comprehensively.The decoder combines low-frequency,high-frequency and supplementary information to obtain multi-scale features.Subsequently,the attention strategy and fusion module are introduced to perform multi-scale fusion for image reconstruction.Experimental results on three datasets show that the fused images generated by this network effectively retain salient targets while being more consistent with human visual perception.展开更多
A visible-light-enabled method for the synthesis ofα-azidoketones has been developed via oxo-azidation of alkenyl silanes with trimethylsilylazide and molecular oxygen under mild conditions.The reaction could be carr...A visible-light-enabled method for the synthesis ofα-azidoketones has been developed via oxo-azidation of alkenyl silanes with trimethylsilylazide and molecular oxygen under mild conditions.The reaction could be carried out in gram scale.Various radical sources,including trifluoromethyl radical,thiocyanate radical,bromide radical,chlorine radical could partici-pate effectively instead of azide radical in the reaction.展开更多
The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Z...The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.展开更多
Regulating the photo-response region of iron metal-organic frameworks(Fe-MOFs)is a viable strategy for enhancing their practical application in the visible-light driven photo-Fenton-like process.This study developed a...Regulating the photo-response region of iron metal-organic frameworks(Fe-MOFs)is a viable strategy for enhancing their practical application in the visible-light driven photo-Fenton-like process.This study developed a novel pyrazine-based Fe-MOFs(MIL-101(Fe)-Pz)by substituting the 1,4-dicarboxybenzene acid ligands in typical MIL-101(Fe)with 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid(PzDC),in which sodium acetate was used as coordinative modulator to control the crystal size(2–3μm).The incorporation of Fe-pyridine N coordination structures originated from PzDC ligands gave MIL-101(Fe)-Pz narrowed band gap(1.45 eV)than MIL-101(Fe)(2.54 eV)resulting in improved visible-light adsorption capacity(λ>420 nm),and also increased the proportion of Fe(Ⅱ)in the Fe-clusters.Thus MIL-101(Fe)-Pz exhibited a synergistic enhanced photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance under visible-light irradiation.The MIL-101(Fe)-Pz/H_(2)O_(2)/Vis system could degrade 99%of sulfamethoxazolewithin 30min,whichwas 10-fold faster than that of the pristine MIL-101(Fe),it also effectively removed other organic micropollutants with high durability and stability.Mechanistic analysis revealed that the PzDC ligands substitution decreased the band gap of MIL-101(Fe),giving MIL-101(Fe)-Pz appropriate band structure(-0.40∼1.05 V vs.NHE)which can cover several light-driven process for the generation of reactive oxygen species,including Fe(Ⅲ)reduction and H_(2)O_(2) activation for accelerating•OH generation,as well as oxygen reduction reaction for generating H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(•−) and ^(1)O_(2).This study highlights the role of pyridine-N containing ligands in regulating the band structure of Fe-MOFs,providing valuable guidance for the design of Fe-MOFs photocatalysts.展开更多
The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a hi...The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.展开更多
The goal of infrared and visible image fusion(IVIF)is to integrate the unique advantages of both modalities to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of a scene.However,existing methods struggle to effectively han...The goal of infrared and visible image fusion(IVIF)is to integrate the unique advantages of both modalities to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of a scene.However,existing methods struggle to effectively handle modal disparities,resulting in visual degradation of the details and prominent targets of the fused images.To address these challenges,we introduce Prompt Fusion,a prompt-based approach that harmoniously combines multi-modality images under the guidance of semantic prompts.Firstly,to better characterize the features of different modalities,a contourlet autoencoder is designed to separate and extract the high-/low-frequency components of different modalities,thereby improving the extraction of fine details and textures.We also introduce a prompt learning mechanism using positive and negative prompts,leveraging Vision-Language Models to improve the fusion model's understanding and identification of targets in multi-modality images,leading to improved performance in downstream tasks.Furthermore,we employ bi-level asymptotic convergence optimization.This approach simplifies the intricate non-singleton non-convex bi-level problem into a series of convergent and differentiable single optimization problems that can be effectively resolved through gradient descent.Our approach advances the state-of-the-art,delivering superior fusion quality and boosting the performance of related downstream tasks.Project page:https://github.com/hey-it-s-me/PromptFusion.展开更多
In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as ligh...In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as light-responsive catalysts.A novel ferrite-based perovskite composite,PrBiFeO_(3),was synthesized,which demonstrated significantly enhanced light absorption under both visible light and UV illumination.The composite was prepared according to a combined sol-gel and solvothermal method.The newly synthesized PrBiFeO_(3)exhibited excellent absorption capabilities for both UV and visible light,with a band gap energy of about 2.0 eV.These perovskites showed photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue and formaldehyde under visible light LED lamp illumination.Notably,the ferrite-based perovskites,including PrFeO_(3),displayed better photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to the titanate-based perovskites.The novel PrBiFeO_(3)composite also produced hydrogen and oxygen through water splitting under artificial sunlight and liquid plasma discharging.The amount of hydrogen produced by photocatalytic water splitting in PrBiFeO_(3)under liquid plasma irradiation was approximately 50 times higher than that produced under artificial sunlight irradiation.展开更多
Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are typical persistent organic pollutants,and their removal is urgently required but challenging.Photocatalysis has shown potential in PFASs degradation due to the redox capabilities of...Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are typical persistent organic pollutants,and their removal is urgently required but challenging.Photocatalysis has shown potential in PFASs degradation due to the redox capabilities of photoinduced charge carriers in photocatalysts.Herein,hexagonal ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)nanosheets were synthesized by a one-pot oil bath method and were well characterized by a series of techniques.In the degradation of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate(OBS),one kind of representative PFASs,the assynthesized ZIS showed activity superior to P25 TiO_(2) under both simulated sunlight and visible-light irradiation.The good photocatalytic performance was attributed to the enhanced light absorption and facilitated charge separation.The pH conditions were found crucial in the photocatalytic process by influencing the OBS adsorption on the ZIS surface.Photogenerated e−and h+were the main active species involved in OBS degradation in the ZIS system.This work confirmed the feasibility and could provide mechanistic insights into the degradation and defluorination of PFASs by visible-light photocatalysis.展开更多
Deuterium(D),a stable and non-radioactive isotope of hydro-gen,is naturally present in the environment and is distinguishedfrom hydrogen by its greater mass.This mass difference resultsin a reduced stretching frequenc...Deuterium(D),a stable and non-radioactive isotope of hydro-gen,is naturally present in the environment and is distinguishedfrom hydrogen by its greater mass.This mass difference resultsin a reduced stretching frequency of the carbon-deuterium(C-D)bond,leading to lower ground state energy and higher bond dis-sociation energy compared to the carbon-hydrogen(C–H)bond.展开更多
Infrared and visible image fusion technology integrates the thermal radiation information of infrared images with the texture details of visible images to generate more informative fused images.However,existing method...Infrared and visible image fusion technology integrates the thermal radiation information of infrared images with the texture details of visible images to generate more informative fused images.However,existing methods often fail to distinguish salient objects from background regions,leading to detail suppression in salient regions due to global fusion strategies.This study presents a mask-guided latent low-rank representation fusion method to address this issue.First,the GrabCut algorithm is employed to extract a saliency mask,distinguishing salient regions from background regions.Then,latent low-rank representation(LatLRR)is applied to extract deep image features,enhancing key information extraction.In the fusion stage,a weighted fusion strategy strengthens infrared thermal information and visible texture details in salient regions,while an average fusion strategy improves background smoothness and stability.Experimental results on the TNO dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in SPI,MI,Qabf,PSNR,and EN metrics,effectively preserving salient target details while maintaining balanced background information.Compared to state-of-the-art fusion methods,our approach achieves more stable and visually consistent fusion results.The fusion code is available on GitHub at:https://github.com/joyzhen1/Image(accessed on 15 January 2025).展开更多
This work aimed to study the efficiency of the reverse micelle(RM)preparation route in the syntheses of sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO_(2)nanocrystals for boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production fr...This work aimed to study the efficiency of the reverse micelle(RM)preparation route in the syntheses of sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO_(2)nanocrystals for boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol aqueous solutions.The effectiveness of confining precipitation reactions within micellar cages was evaluated through extensive physicochemical cha racterization.In particula r,the nominal composition(0-5 mol%Fe)was preserved as ascertained by ICP-MS analysis,and the absence of separate iron-containing crystalline phases was supported by X-ray diffraction.The effective aliovalent doping and modulation of the optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis,Raman,and photoluminescence spectroscopies.2.5 mol%iron was found to be an optimal content to achieve a significant decrease in the band gap,enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancy defects,and increase the charge carrier lifetime.The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CeO_(2)prepared at different Fe contents with RM preparation was studied and compared with undoped CeO_(2).The optimal iron load was identified to be2.5 mol%,achieving the highest hydrogen production(7566μmol L-1after 240 min under visible light).Moreover,for comparison,the conventional precipitation(P)method was adopted to prepare iron containing CeO_(2)at the optimal content(2.5 mol%Fe).The Fe-doped CeO_(2)catalyst prepared by RM showed a significantly higher hydrogen production than that obtained with the sample prepared by the P method.The optimal Fe-doped CeO_(2),prepared by the RM method,was stable for six reuse cycles.Moreover,the role of water in the mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light was studied through the test in the presence of D2O.The obtained results evidenced that hydrogen was produced from the reduction of H^(+)by the electrons promoted in the conduction band,while methanol was preferentially oxidized by the photogenerated positive holes.展开更多
Sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is a non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scheme based on joint modulation and spread spectrum coding.It is ideal for future communication networks with a massive number of nodes due to...Sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is a non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scheme based on joint modulation and spread spectrum coding.It is ideal for future communication networks with a massive number of nodes due to its ability to handle user overload.Introducing SCMA into visible light communication(VLC)systems can improve the data transmission capability of the system.However,designing a suitable codebook becomes a challenging problem when addressing the demands of massive connectivity scenarios.Therefore,this paper proposes a low-complexity design method for high-overload codebooks based on the minimum bit error rate(BER)criterion.Firstly,this paper constructs a new codebook with parameters based on the symmetric mother codebook structure by allocating the codeword power so that the power of each user codebook is unbalanced;then,the BER performance in the visible light communication system is optimized to obtain specific parameters;finally,the successive interference cancellation(SIC)detection algorithm is used at the receiver side.Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can converge quickly by utilizing a relatively small number of detection iterations.This can simultaneously reduce the complexity of design and detection,outperforming existing design methods for massive SCMA codebooks.展开更多
Visible light photocatalytic redox catalysis has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis, and has opened up new avenues for the formation of challenging structural skeletons and chemical bonds. In this respect, d...Visible light photocatalytic redox catalysis has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis, and has opened up new avenues for the formation of challenging structural skeletons and chemical bonds. In this respect, diverse photocatalysts, including ruthenium(II), iridium(Ⅲ), and organic dyes, have been most commonly applied.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21633009,21925206,21901240)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0406102)。
文摘Photocatalysis based on semiconductors has recently been receiving considerable research interest because of its extensive applications in environmental remediation and renewable energy generation.Various semiconductor-based materials that are vital to solar energy utilization have been extensively investigated,among which titanium oxide(TiO_(2))has attracted considerable attention because of its exceptional physicochemical characteristics.However,the sluggish responsiveness to visible light in the solar spectrum and the inefficient separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs hamper the practical application of TiO_(2) materials.To overcome the aforementioned serious drawbacks of TiO_(2),numerous strategies,such as doping with foreign atoms,particularly nitrogen(N),have been improved in the past few decades.This review aims to provide a comprehensive update and description of the recent developments of N-doped TiO_(2) materials for visible lightresponsive photocatalysis,such as(1)the preparation of N-doped/co-doped TiO_(2) photocatalysts and(2)mechanistic studies on the reasons for visible light response.Furthermore,the most recent and significant advances in the field of solar energy applications of modified N-doped TiO_(2) are summarized.The analysis indicated the critical need for further development of these types of materials for the solar-to-energy conversion,particularly for water splitting purposes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21076196,20977086)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China(No.2009CB421603)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.Z5080207)
文摘I-doped titanium dioxide nanospheres （I-TNSs） were synthesized via a two-step hydrothermal synthesis route, their potential for the efficient utilization of visible light was evaluated. The prepared anatase-phase I-TNSs had a bimodal porous size distribution with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 76 m2/g, a crystallite size of approximately 14 nm calculated from X-ray diffraction data, and a remarkable absorption in the visible light region at wavelengths 〉 400 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by decoloration of Methyl Orange in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation in comparison to the iodine-doped TiO2 （I-TiO2）. The I-TNSs showed higher photocatalytic efficiency compared with I-TiO2 after irradiation for 180 rain even though the latter had a much greater surface area （115 m2/g）. It was concluded that the surface area was not the predominant factor determining photocatalytic activity, and that the good crystallization and bimodal porous nanosphere structure were favourable for photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91834301 and 21878076)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19160712100)。
文摘Conjugated microporous polymer(CMP)is an emerging organic semiconductor withπ-conjugated skeletons,and the bandgap of CMP can be flexibly modulated to harvest visible light.Based on the diversity and adjustability of monomers in CMP,we designed and synthesized donor-accepter(D-A)type BTNCMP through Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling polymerization,further in-situ constructing series of inorganic/organic Z-scheme BW/BTN-n composite in the presence of Bi_(2)WO_(6).After optimization,the tetracycline hydrochloride(C0=10 mg·L^(-1))degradation efficiency reached 84%with BW/BTN-2 as catalyst in 90 min under visible light irradiation,the apparent rate constant k1 is 0.017 min^(-1),which is 1.7 and 5.7 times higher than bare Bi_(2)WO_(6) and BTN-CMP.X-ray photoelectron spectra and UV-Vis diffuse spectra showed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity originated from the tight heterojunction between Bi_(2)WO_(6) and BTN-CMP,which can extend the light absorption range and facilitate the separation and transport of photogenerated charges in the interface of heterojunction.The active species trapping experiments and electron spin resonance technique revealed that h+was the dominant active species during the photodegradation process of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The present study demonstrated the feasibility to construct inorganic/organic composite for the photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200092)。
文摘Various chemical irrigants and drugs have been employed for intra-canal disinfection in root canal therapy(RCT).However,due to the complexity of root canal anatomy,many drugs still exhibit poor penetrability and antibiotic resistance,leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes.Thus,it is challenging to remove the organic biofilms from root canals.In recent years,light-responsive therapy,with deeper tissue penetration than traditional treatments,has emerged as an effective RCT modality.Herein,this review summarizes the recent development of light-responsive nanomaterials for biofilm removal in RCT.The light-responsive nanomaterials and the corresponding therapeutic methods in RCT,including photodynamic therapy(PDT),photothermal therapy(PTT),and laser-activated therapy,are highlighted.Finally,the challenges that light-responsive nanomaterials and treatment modalities will encounter to conquer the biofilm in future RCT are discussed.This review is believed to significantly accelerate the future development of light-responsive nanomaterials for RCT from bench to bedside.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province(No.2023Y4015)the Marine and Fishery Development Special Fund of Xiamen(No.23YYST064QCB36)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2021J011210).
文摘The removal of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N)and bacteria from aquaculture wastewater holds paramount ecological and production significance.In this study,Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalysts were prepared by depositing Pt and RuO_(2)particles onto g-C_(3)N_(4).The physicochemical properties of photocatalysts were explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer(UV–vis DRS).The photocatalysts were then applied to the removal of both NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria from simulated mariculture wastewater.The results clarified that the removals of both NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria were in the sequence of g-C_(3)N_(4)<RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)<Pt/g-C_(3)N_(4)<Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4).This magnificent photocatalytic ability of Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)can be interpreted by the transfer of holes from g-C_(3)N_(4)to RuO_(2)to facilitate the in situ generation of HClO from Cl^(−)in wastewater,while Pt extracts photogenerated electrons for H_(2)formation to enhance the reaction.The removal of NH_(4)^(+)-N and disinfection effect were more pronounced in simulated seawater than in purewater.The removal efficiency ofNH_(4)^(+)-N increases with an increase in pH of wastewater,while the bactericidal effect was more significant under a lower pH in a pH range of 6–9.In actual seawater aquaculture wastewater,Pt/RuO_(2)/g-C_(3)N_(4)still exhibits effective removal efficiency of NH_(4)^(+)-N and bactericidal performance under sunlight.This study provides an alternative avenue for removement of NH_(4)^(+)-N and bacteria from saline waters under sunlight.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22206065 and 22109059)the Jinling Institute of Technology's Doctor Start-up Fund(No.jitb-202024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20221167).
文摘Using natural minerals to eliminate harmful Cr(Ⅵ)under sustainable sunshine has significant potential.Herein,Palygorskite nanorods were utilized as carriers for the in-situ synthesis of CaIn_(2)S_(4) photocatalysts through a simple one-pot thermal process,enabling the efficient reduction of Cr(Ⅵ).With a Palygorskite to CaIn_(2)S_(4) mass ratio of 5%,the conversion rate of Cr(Ⅵ)reached 98%after 60min of visible-light exposure,with a remarkable reaction rate of 0.0633 min^(-1).The effective integration of CaIn_(2)S_(4) with Palygorskite led to a more uniform dispersion of CaIn_(2)S_(4),exposing more reactive sites.Moreover,the establishment of a heterojunction between CaIn_(2)S_(4) and Palygorskite facilitated the transport of photogenerated electrons from CaIn_(2)S_(4),enhancing the efficiency of charge separation.These factors contribute to the improved photocatalytic performance.Additionally,the developed composite photocatalysts demonstrated excellent stability under light exposure and could be reused efficiently.Trapping tests on active substances revealed that e-played key roles in the Cr(Ⅵ)reduction.This research suggests the potential of using natural minerals to fabricate composite photocatalysts capable of effectively removing pollutants from the environment using solar energy.
基金Supported by the Henan Province Key Research and Development Project(231111211300)the Central Government of Henan Province Guides Local Science and Technology Development Funds(Z20231811005)+2 种基金Henan Province Key Research and Development Project(231111110100)Henan Provincial Outstanding Foreign Scientist Studio(GZS2024006)Henan Provincial Joint Fund for Scientific and Technological Research and Development Plan(Application and Overcoming Technical Barriers)(242103810028)。
文摘The fusion of infrared and visible images should emphasize the salient targets in the infrared image while preserving the textural details of the visible images.To meet these requirements,an autoencoder-based method for infrared and visible image fusion is proposed.The encoder designed according to the optimization objective consists of a base encoder and a detail encoder,which is used to extract low-frequency and high-frequency information from the image.This extraction may lead to some information not being captured,so a compensation encoder is proposed to supplement the missing information.Multi-scale decomposition is also employed to extract image features more comprehensively.The decoder combines low-frequency,high-frequency and supplementary information to obtain multi-scale features.Subsequently,the attention strategy and fusion module are introduced to perform multi-scale fusion for image reconstruction.Experimental results on three datasets show that the fused images generated by this network effectively retain salient targets while being more consistent with human visual perception.
文摘A visible-light-enabled method for the synthesis ofα-azidoketones has been developed via oxo-azidation of alkenyl silanes with trimethylsilylazide and molecular oxygen under mild conditions.The reaction could be carried out in gram scale.Various radical sources,including trifluoromethyl radical,thiocyanate radical,bromide radical,chlorine radical could partici-pate effectively instead of azide radical in the reaction.
文摘The process of disposing of expanded polystyrene (EPS) is by burning it in municipal incinerators. This process gives off EPS microplastics, which can find their way into water, food, blood, and major organ systems. Zophobas morio larvae are capable of consuming and breaking down EPS within their digestive tracts by minimizing the spread of microplastics. Studies of the consumption of EPS by Z. morio larvae are typically conducted under white or no visible light treatments. This study tested whether the color of visible light influenced the consumption rate of EPS by Z. morio larvae. If Z. morio larvae consume EPS under visible light, then visible light will influence the amount of EPS consumed. If results suggest that the consumption rate is influenced by visible light colors, then Z. morio larvae could be a solution for recycling EPS. This study’s procedure placed Z. morio larvae into 25 jars under one of six visible light treatments of red, yellow, green, blue, white, and no visible light. Each jar contained a pre-weighed block of EPS and six Z. morio larvae. After two weeks, the Z. morio larvae were removed from the jars, and the difference between each pre-weighed EPS block and the weight of the same partially consumed block was recorded in three trials. The data indicates that green and blue visible light treatments resulted in the greatest amount of EPS consumed by Z. morio larvae while the red and yellow had the least amount of EPS consumed by the Z. morio larvae. In conclusion, results indicate that green and blue visible light, compared to the no visible light treatment, could be used to influence the Z. morio larvae to consume more EPS. Green and blue visible light and Z. morio larvae could make the recycling process of EPS more environmentally friendly when used in households or by local environmental organizations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52300120 and 52070144)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22120240465).
文摘Regulating the photo-response region of iron metal-organic frameworks(Fe-MOFs)is a viable strategy for enhancing their practical application in the visible-light driven photo-Fenton-like process.This study developed a novel pyrazine-based Fe-MOFs(MIL-101(Fe)-Pz)by substituting the 1,4-dicarboxybenzene acid ligands in typical MIL-101(Fe)with 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid(PzDC),in which sodium acetate was used as coordinative modulator to control the crystal size(2–3μm).The incorporation of Fe-pyridine N coordination structures originated from PzDC ligands gave MIL-101(Fe)-Pz narrowed band gap(1.45 eV)than MIL-101(Fe)(2.54 eV)resulting in improved visible-light adsorption capacity(λ>420 nm),and also increased the proportion of Fe(Ⅱ)in the Fe-clusters.Thus MIL-101(Fe)-Pz exhibited a synergistic enhanced photo-Fenton-like catalytic performance under visible-light irradiation.The MIL-101(Fe)-Pz/H_(2)O_(2)/Vis system could degrade 99%of sulfamethoxazolewithin 30min,whichwas 10-fold faster than that of the pristine MIL-101(Fe),it also effectively removed other organic micropollutants with high durability and stability.Mechanistic analysis revealed that the PzDC ligands substitution decreased the band gap of MIL-101(Fe),giving MIL-101(Fe)-Pz appropriate band structure(-0.40∼1.05 V vs.NHE)which can cover several light-driven process for the generation of reactive oxygen species,including Fe(Ⅲ)reduction and H_(2)O_(2) activation for accelerating•OH generation,as well as oxygen reduction reaction for generating H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)^(•−) and ^(1)O_(2).This study highlights the role of pyridine-N containing ligands in regulating the band structure of Fe-MOFs,providing valuable guidance for the design of Fe-MOFs photocatalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270149,51908528,2200013)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.242300421443)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102321073)Doctoral Fund Project of Henan University of Technology,China(Nos.2020BS005,2023BS004).
文摘The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.
基金partially supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730741)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B2052,52102432,52202452,62372080,62302078)
文摘The goal of infrared and visible image fusion(IVIF)is to integrate the unique advantages of both modalities to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of a scene.However,existing methods struggle to effectively handle modal disparities,resulting in visual degradation of the details and prominent targets of the fused images.To address these challenges,we introduce Prompt Fusion,a prompt-based approach that harmoniously combines multi-modality images under the guidance of semantic prompts.Firstly,to better characterize the features of different modalities,a contourlet autoencoder is designed to separate and extract the high-/low-frequency components of different modalities,thereby improving the extraction of fine details and textures.We also introduce a prompt learning mechanism using positive and negative prompts,leveraging Vision-Language Models to improve the fusion model's understanding and identification of targets in multi-modality images,leading to improved performance in downstream tasks.Furthermore,we employ bi-level asymptotic convergence optimization.This approach simplifies the intricate non-singleton non-convex bi-level problem into a series of convergent and differentiable single optimization problems that can be effectively resolved through gradient descent.Our approach advances the state-of-the-art,delivering superior fusion quality and boosting the performance of related downstream tasks.Project page:https://github.com/hey-it-s-me/PromptFusion.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Program Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.NRF-2022R111A3069740).
文摘In this study,the visible-light photocatalytic reaction properties of perovskite catalysts was investigated with excellent visible-light sensitivity.Titanate-based and ferrite-based perovskites were introduced as light-responsive catalysts.A novel ferrite-based perovskite composite,PrBiFeO_(3),was synthesized,which demonstrated significantly enhanced light absorption under both visible light and UV illumination.The composite was prepared according to a combined sol-gel and solvothermal method.The newly synthesized PrBiFeO_(3)exhibited excellent absorption capabilities for both UV and visible light,with a band gap energy of about 2.0 eV.These perovskites showed photocatalytic activity in the decomposition of methylene blue and formaldehyde under visible light LED lamp illumination.Notably,the ferrite-based perovskites,including PrFeO_(3),displayed better photocatalytic activity under visible light compared to the titanate-based perovskites.The novel PrBiFeO_(3)composite also produced hydrogen and oxygen through water splitting under artificial sunlight and liquid plasma discharging.The amount of hydrogen produced by photocatalytic water splitting in PrBiFeO_(3)under liquid plasma irradiation was approximately 50 times higher than that produced under artificial sunlight irradiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22206113 and 22376124)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund (Overseas)of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No.2022HWYQ-015)+2 种基金the Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund (No.tsqn202211039)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515111137)Qilu Youth Talent Program of Shandong University (No.61440082163171).
文摘Perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)are typical persistent organic pollutants,and their removal is urgently required but challenging.Photocatalysis has shown potential in PFASs degradation due to the redox capabilities of photoinduced charge carriers in photocatalysts.Herein,hexagonal ZnIn_(2)S_(4)(ZIS)nanosheets were synthesized by a one-pot oil bath method and were well characterized by a series of techniques.In the degradation of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate(OBS),one kind of representative PFASs,the assynthesized ZIS showed activity superior to P25 TiO_(2) under both simulated sunlight and visible-light irradiation.The good photocatalytic performance was attributed to the enhanced light absorption and facilitated charge separation.The pH conditions were found crucial in the photocatalytic process by influencing the OBS adsorption on the ZIS surface.Photogenerated e−and h+were the main active species involved in OBS degradation in the ZIS system.This work confirmed the feasibility and could provide mechanistic insights into the degradation and defluorination of PFASs by visible-light photocatalysis.
基金Financial support from Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2022RC4044)。
文摘Deuterium(D),a stable and non-radioactive isotope of hydro-gen,is naturally present in the environment and is distinguishedfrom hydrogen by its greater mass.This mass difference resultsin a reduced stretching frequency of the carbon-deuterium(C-D)bond,leading to lower ground state energy and higher bond dis-sociation energy compared to the carbon-hydrogen(C–H)bond.
基金supported by Universiti Teknologi MARA through UiTM MyRA Research Grant,600-RMC 5/3/GPM(053/2022).
文摘Infrared and visible image fusion technology integrates the thermal radiation information of infrared images with the texture details of visible images to generate more informative fused images.However,existing methods often fail to distinguish salient objects from background regions,leading to detail suppression in salient regions due to global fusion strategies.This study presents a mask-guided latent low-rank representation fusion method to address this issue.First,the GrabCut algorithm is employed to extract a saliency mask,distinguishing salient regions from background regions.Then,latent low-rank representation(LatLRR)is applied to extract deep image features,enhancing key information extraction.In the fusion stage,a weighted fusion strategy strengthens infrared thermal information and visible texture details in salient regions,while an average fusion strategy improves background smoothness and stability.Experimental results on the TNO dataset demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior performance in SPI,MI,Qabf,PSNR,and EN metrics,effectively preserving salient target details while maintaining balanced background information.Compared to state-of-the-art fusion methods,our approach achieves more stable and visually consistent fusion results.The fusion code is available on GitHub at:https://github.com/joyzhen1/Image(accessed on 15 January 2025).
基金funding from the"Ministero dell'Universitàe della Ricerca(MUR)"(Italy)under the"Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022"program.
文摘This work aimed to study the efficiency of the reverse micelle(RM)preparation route in the syntheses of sub-5 nm Fe-doped CeO_(2)nanocrystals for boosting the visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol aqueous solutions.The effectiveness of confining precipitation reactions within micellar cages was evaluated through extensive physicochemical cha racterization.In particula r,the nominal composition(0-5 mol%Fe)was preserved as ascertained by ICP-MS analysis,and the absence of separate iron-containing crystalline phases was supported by X-ray diffraction.The effective aliovalent doping and modulation of the optical properties were investigated using UV-Vis,Raman,and photoluminescence spectroscopies.2.5 mol%iron was found to be an optimal content to achieve a significant decrease in the band gap,enhance the concentration of oxygen vacancy defects,and increase the charge carrier lifetime.The photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped CeO_(2)prepared at different Fe contents with RM preparation was studied and compared with undoped CeO_(2).The optimal iron load was identified to be2.5 mol%,achieving the highest hydrogen production(7566μmol L-1after 240 min under visible light).Moreover,for comparison,the conventional precipitation(P)method was adopted to prepare iron containing CeO_(2)at the optimal content(2.5 mol%Fe).The Fe-doped CeO_(2)catalyst prepared by RM showed a significantly higher hydrogen production than that obtained with the sample prepared by the P method.The optimal Fe-doped CeO_(2),prepared by the RM method,was stable for six reuse cycles.Moreover,the role of water in the mechanism of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light was studied through the test in the presence of D2O.The obtained results evidenced that hydrogen was produced from the reduction of H^(+)by the electrons promoted in the conduction band,while methanol was preferentially oxidized by the photogenerated positive holes.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62161024Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant 20224BAB212002+3 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Talent Project for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines under Grant 20232BCJ23085,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant 2021TQ0136 and 2022M711463the State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture(ICT,CAS)Open Project under Grant CARCHB202019supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62061030supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62161023。
文摘Sparse code multiple access(SCMA)is a non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)scheme based on joint modulation and spread spectrum coding.It is ideal for future communication networks with a massive number of nodes due to its ability to handle user overload.Introducing SCMA into visible light communication(VLC)systems can improve the data transmission capability of the system.However,designing a suitable codebook becomes a challenging problem when addressing the demands of massive connectivity scenarios.Therefore,this paper proposes a low-complexity design method for high-overload codebooks based on the minimum bit error rate(BER)criterion.Firstly,this paper constructs a new codebook with parameters based on the symmetric mother codebook structure by allocating the codeword power so that the power of each user codebook is unbalanced;then,the BER performance in the visible light communication system is optimized to obtain specific parameters;finally,the successive interference cancellation(SIC)detection algorithm is used at the receiver side.Simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper can converge quickly by utilizing a relatively small number of detection iterations.This can simultaneously reduce the complexity of design and detection,outperforming existing design methods for massive SCMA codebooks.
文摘Visible light photocatalytic redox catalysis has become a powerful tool for organic synthesis, and has opened up new avenues for the formation of challenging structural skeletons and chemical bonds. In this respect, diverse photocatalysts, including ruthenium(II), iridium(Ⅲ), and organic dyes, have been most commonly applied.
