Issues that dominate Sub-Saharan African animal agriculture are low production levels and environmental sustainability, including climate, biodiversity, and land use. There are inadequate evidence-based decisions on i...Issues that dominate Sub-Saharan African animal agriculture are low production levels and environmental sustainability, including climate, biodiversity, and land use. There are inadequate evidence-based decisions on important issues related to sustainable animal agriculture such as greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, the water footprint, and models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore emphasized in this paper that decisions around strategies related to future sustainability must be evidence-based, implying that research becomes a fundamental part of ensuring the sustainability of animal agriculture, which makes collaboration between regions vitally important. Fourteen interventions that are needed for sub-Saharan Africa are mentioned and briefly discussed. These include (1) the use of indigenous/adapted genotypes, (2) the development of early warning systems and (3) alternative production systems, which can be linked to adaptation. The interventions linked to mitigation are: (4) improved cow-calf efficiency/alternative breeding objectives, (5) carbon sequestration, (6) carbon footprint within different resource environments, (7) feeding and grazing, (8) rumen manipulation (9) land use and greenhouse gas emissions and (10) management. Lastly the interventions linked to resilience are (11) resilience to variation in climate, (12) breed/genotype plasticity and (13) epigenetics. There is no simple strategy to address climate change for Sub-Saharan African animal agriculture. Furthermore, solutions for Europe and North America will be different from those for Sub-Saharan Africa. No single country, industry, or organisation within Sub-Saharan Africa can carry out such research on its own. This emphasizes the importance of focusing on Global South scientific collaborations and the establishment of virtual centres of excellence will be beneficial.展开更多
Based on the analysis of data centre(DC) traffic pattern, we introduced a holistic software-defined optical DC solution. Architecture-on-Demand based hybrid optical switched(OPS/OCS) data centre network(DCN) fabric is...Based on the analysis of data centre(DC) traffic pattern, we introduced a holistic software-defined optical DC solution. Architecture-on-Demand based hybrid optical switched(OPS/OCS) data centre network(DCN) fabric is introduced, which is able to realise different inter-and intra-cluster configurations and dynamically support diverse traffic in the DC. The optical DCN is controlled and managed by a software-defined networking(SDN) enabled control plane to achieve high programmability. Moreover, virtual data centre(VDC) composition is developed as an application of such softwaredefined optical DC to create VDC slices for different tenants.展开更多
文摘Issues that dominate Sub-Saharan African animal agriculture are low production levels and environmental sustainability, including climate, biodiversity, and land use. There are inadequate evidence-based decisions on important issues related to sustainable animal agriculture such as greenhouse gas emissions from livestock, the water footprint, and models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore emphasized in this paper that decisions around strategies related to future sustainability must be evidence-based, implying that research becomes a fundamental part of ensuring the sustainability of animal agriculture, which makes collaboration between regions vitally important. Fourteen interventions that are needed for sub-Saharan Africa are mentioned and briefly discussed. These include (1) the use of indigenous/adapted genotypes, (2) the development of early warning systems and (3) alternative production systems, which can be linked to adaptation. The interventions linked to mitigation are: (4) improved cow-calf efficiency/alternative breeding objectives, (5) carbon sequestration, (6) carbon footprint within different resource environments, (7) feeding and grazing, (8) rumen manipulation (9) land use and greenhouse gas emissions and (10) management. Lastly the interventions linked to resilience are (11) resilience to variation in climate, (12) breed/genotype plasticity and (13) epigenetics. There is no simple strategy to address climate change for Sub-Saharan African animal agriculture. Furthermore, solutions for Europe and North America will be different from those for Sub-Saharan Africa. No single country, industry, or organisation within Sub-Saharan Africa can carry out such research on its own. This emphasizes the importance of focusing on Global South scientific collaborations and the establishment of virtual centres of excellence will be beneficial.
基金performed in the Projects " LIGHTNESS : Low latency and high throughput dynamic network infrastructures for high performance datacentre interconnects" (No. 318606) "COSIGN: Combining Optics and SDN In next Generation data centre Networks" (No. 619572) supported by European Commission FP7
文摘Based on the analysis of data centre(DC) traffic pattern, we introduced a holistic software-defined optical DC solution. Architecture-on-Demand based hybrid optical switched(OPS/OCS) data centre network(DCN) fabric is introduced, which is able to realise different inter-and intra-cluster configurations and dynamically support diverse traffic in the DC. The optical DCN is controlled and managed by a software-defined networking(SDN) enabled control plane to achieve high programmability. Moreover, virtual data centre(VDC) composition is developed as an application of such softwaredefined optical DC to create VDC slices for different tenants.
