The national virology symposium of China,co-hosted biennially by the society and local research institutions,has now entered its 16th iteration.The 16th session,jointly hosted by Chinese Society for Virology-the virol...The national virology symposium of China,co-hosted biennially by the society and local research institutions,has now entered its 16th iteration.The 16th session,jointly hosted by Chinese Society for Virology-the virology division of the Chinese Society for Microbiology and the first hospital of Jilin University,took place in Changchun from August 15 to 17,2025.More than 800 participants attended the event,including renowned experts,scholars,and young scientists from institutions across the country(Fig.1).展开更多
The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.Wo...The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.World Journal of Virology(WJV)is now abstracted and indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central.It received 23 manuscripts and published 9 papers which included 6 articles reporting coronavirus 19 in 2020.On the other hand,we made major strategies for WJV’s development in 2021.At present,WJV only has 28 Editorial Board members and cannot receive many manuscripts.We must redouble our efforts to invite more highly influential scientists to join our Editorial Board member and write high-quality manuscripts.展开更多
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B...Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed viral replication monitoring, and there is an opportunity to make maximal use of quantitative HBsAg to elucidate its role in clinical fields. Yet, it needs to be underscored that a further understanding of HBsAg, not only from clinical point of view but also from a virologic point of view, would enable us to deepen our insights, so that we could more widely expand and apply its utility. It is also important to be familiar with HBsAg variants and their clinical consequences in terms of immune escape mutants, issues resulting from overlap with corresponding mutation in the P gene, and detection problems for the HBsAg variants. In this article, we review current concepts and issues on the quantification of HBsAg titers with respect to their biologic nature, method principles, and clinically relevant topics.展开更多
In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanze...In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanzees and progress was slow until the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C virus(HCV)in 1989.Since then,research and treatment of HCV have expanded with the development of modern biological medicine:HCV genome organization and polyprotein processing were delineated in 1993;the first three-dimensional structure of HCV nonstructural protein(NS3 serine protease)was revealed in 1996;an infectious clone of HCV complementary DNA was first constructed in 1997;interferon and ribavirin combination therapy was established in 1998 and the therapeutic strategy gradually optimized;the HCV replicon system was produced in1999;functional HCV pseudotyped viral particles were described in 2003;and recombinant infectious HCV in tissue culture was produced successfully in 2005.Recently,tremendous advances in HCV receptor discovery,understanding the HCV lifecycle,decryption of the HCV genome and proteins,as well as new anti-HCV compounds have been reported.Because HCV is difficult to isolate and culture,researchers have had to avail themselves to the best of modern biomedical technology;some of the major achievements in HCV research have not only advanced the understanding of HCV but also promoted knowledge of virology and cellular physiology.In this review,we summarize the advancements and remaining scotomas in the molecular virology and epidemiology of HCV.展开更多
The Lome Infection and Immunity Conference is one of five scientific meetings held during each month of February at the Cumberland resort in the picturesque seaside town of Lome,on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria(Aus...The Lome Infection and Immunity Conference is one of five scientific meetings held during each month of February at the Cumberland resort in the picturesque seaside town of Lome,on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria(Australia).The specific aim of the meeting is to bring together basic,clinical and translational researchers-those who examine microbes and their impact on the innate or adaptive immune response,researchers who study the mechanisms that regulate immune responses,and those who apply this knowledge to preventing and treating infectious and in”ammatory diseases.The average number of attendees is 220,with registrants appreciative of the welcoming and relaxed atmosphere(Fig.1).展开更多
Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 tr...Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 transplan-table leukemia were established successively. Allof these tumor strains originated from the spon-taneous lymphocytic leukemia of Kunmin mouse(Figure 1).展开更多
Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical v...Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.展开更多
The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become t...The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staff and 11 departments, namely, the Departments of Hepatitis Viruses, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Arboviruses, Influenza Viruses, Viral Immunology, Viral Genetics, Viral Diagnosis, Viral Oncology, Viral Morphology, Viral Biological Product Development, and the National Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering. It acts as the展开更多
COVID has already been taken as a global pandemic,the culprit of which is the virus called SARS-CoV-2.Virologists around the world have been working hard at trying to find remedies and protection methods for the world...COVID has already been taken as a global pandemic,the culprit of which is the virus called SARS-CoV-2.Virologists around the world have been working hard at trying to find remedies and protection methods for the world.This paper is a brief analysis of lexical features of English virology texts,which will show that technical words,semi-technical words,and acronyms are the three prominent lexical features of English virology tests.It may be helpful in guiding cross-language communication in the virologists’community,which the authors hope would facilitate global research on COVID.展开更多
Ever since late 2019,the COVID pandemic has given the world a great deal of pain and financial loss.Virologists around the world are working hard to eradicate it.Vaccines and treatment methods have been found,which ca...Ever since late 2019,the COVID pandemic has given the world a great deal of pain and financial loss.Virologists around the world are working hard to eradicate it.Vaccines and treatment methods have been found,which cannot be accomplished without the joint efforts of the world virologist community.Naturally,facilitating global communication would help advance the research.This paper analyzes syntactical features of English virology texts and finds that:In these texts,verbs and postpositive attributes are used frequently,complicated logic needs careful analysis,and personification is often used.Having some knowledge of these sentence features may contribute to better communication in the virology community.展开更多
The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become t...The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staffand 11 departments, namely,展开更多
Citation:Liu J,Zhu N,Huo W,et al.Advancing virology research with a human brain organoid platform.hLife 2025;3:237–242.The occurrence of viral infections causing central nervous system(CNS)diseases is significant,oft...Citation:Liu J,Zhu N,Huo W,et al.Advancing virology research with a human brain organoid platform.hLife 2025;3:237–242.The occurrence of viral infections causing central nervous system(CNS)diseases is significant,often accompanied by short-term or long-term sequelae and a high mortality rate.Typical clinical manifestations of viral infections that impact the CNS encompass encephalitis,meningitis,myelitis,and seizures[1].Treatments specific to most viral infections are generally limited.展开更多
Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including bas...Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.展开更多
The Virology Department of the Institut Pasteur(Paris,France)held its biennial Journ´ees D´epartementales de Virologie(JDV)on May 13-15,2024,in the sea-side town of Le Touquet,France.This event brought toget...The Virology Department of the Institut Pasteur(Paris,France)held its biennial Journ´ees D´epartementales de Virologie(JDV)on May 13-15,2024,in the sea-side town of Le Touquet,France.This event brought together virologists across the department for a gathering of scien-tific exchange and collaboration.Placing young researchers in the spotlight,the meeting featured 25 talks,31 posters,and a keynote address.In this meeting report,we aim to introduce the depart-ment,present its current activities,and communicate its vision.展开更多
RNA interference （RNAi） is an ancient intra-cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression and cell function. Large-scale gene silencing using RNAi highthroughput screening （HTS） has opened an exciting frontier...RNA interference （RNAi） is an ancient intra-cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression and cell function. Large-scale gene silencing using RNAi highthroughput screening （HTS） has opened an exciting frontier to systematically study gene function in mammalian cells. This approach enables researchers to identify gene function in a given biological context and will provide considerable novel insight. Here, we review RNAi HTS strategies and applications using case studies in cancer biology and virology.展开更多
Reverse genetics via targeted modification of gene sequences to obtain a phenotype and the inference of a gene's function or regulatory mechanism is widely used as a potent tool in viral biology and application.Ho...Reverse genetics via targeted modification of gene sequences to obtain a phenotype and the inference of a gene's function or regulatory mechanism is widely used as a potent tool in viral biology and application.However,while reverse genetics has contributed significantly to our understanding of molecular biology and the pathogenesis of viruses,its accessibility(operation)and openness(data)have raised many concerns regarding biosafety and biosecurity.In this review,we retrospectively examine the development of reverse genetics and its applications in virology,then emphasize global biosafety and biosecurity concerns regarding reverse genetics,and summarize global regulations,governance,and laws on reverse genetics.This review seeks to enhance our understanding and rational application of reverse genetics technology for the benefit of humankind.展开更多
The Fourth China National Congress on Medical Virology was held from October 26 to 31, 1993 in Xiamen, Fujian Province. A total of 217 virology workers participated in the congress, which received 312 papers, 82 of wh...The Fourth China National Congress on Medical Virology was held from October 26 to 31, 1993 in Xiamen, Fujian Province. A total of 217 virology workers participated in the congress, which received 312 papers, 82 of which were selected for oral presentations. The plenary session was held on October 27, 1993. Four invited lectures were delivered first, followed by five presentations. The workshops were divided into 3 groups on October 28 and the morning of October 29.The first group included hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus and arboviruses. The second group included enteric viruses, rabies virus and other viruses. The third group incluffed hepatitis viruses and herpes viruses.展开更多
Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of...Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA to undetectable levels,represents the optimal therapeutic endpoint for managing CHB.However,the complex pathogenesis of CHB,which includes HBV DNA integration,persistence of covalently closed circular DNA,and impaired immune responses,presents substantial barriers to HBsAg clearance.Current therapies offer limited success in achieving a functional cure,with HBsAg seroclearance occurring in only 3%-5%of patients after 10 years of nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)therapy and 8%-14%within 3-5 years of pegylated interferon treatment.To overcome these limitations,novel direct-acting antivirals targeting different stages of the HBV life cycle are being investigated.Additionally,immunomodulatory approaches,including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors,are being explored to enhance HBV-specific immune responses.The concept of NAs cessation in carefully selected non-cirrhotic patients may accelerate HBsAg loss,although the risks of hepatic flare and hepatocellular carcinoma necessitate rigorous monitoring.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB,discussing its clinical significance,therapeutic challenges,and evolving treatment landscape in the pursuit of a functional cure.展开更多
Considering the recent study by Dobrowolska et al,which investigated sex-related differences in treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis C infection,this letter endorses the findings that highlight significant dispari...Considering the recent study by Dobrowolska et al,which investigated sex-related differences in treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis C infection,this letter endorses the findings that highlight significant disparities between male and female patients.The study revealed that women,particularly those in the premen-opausal and menopausal stages,exhibited higher sustained virologic response rates than men.However,postmenopausal women encounter unique challenges that merit attention.This letter emphasizes the necessity for healthcare providers to implement sex-sensitive approaches in the management of hepatitis C,acknow-ledging the impact of biological,hormonal,and psychosocial factors on treatment efficacy.By advocating tailored treatment strategies that address these disparities,we can improve patient outcomes and ensure equitable healthcare for all indi-viduals affected by hepatitis C.Furthermore,this letter calls for additional rese-arch to explore the underlying mechanisms driving these differences,ultimately contributing to more effective and personalized care of patients across diverse demographics.展开更多
In China,approximately 13% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)are receiving lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r)-based regimens.These PLWH typically have a history of either treatment failure or intole...In China,approximately 13% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)are receiving lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r)-based regimens.These PLWH typically have a history of either treatment failure or intolerance to first-line efavirenz-based regimens.Given the considerable pill burden and adverse effects associated with LPV/r,treatment optimization is important for this population.This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from LPV/r-based regimens to the single-tablet regimen of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide(BIC/FTC/TAF).Virological suppression rates(HIV-RNA<40 copies/mL)were primarily compared between the 48-week periods before and after switching to BIC/FTC/TAF.CD4 counts and metabolic data were also assessed.A total of 461 PLWH were recruited between January 2021 and December 2023,with 92.2% being male,a median age of 38 years,and a median antiretroviral therapy duration of 8 years.Prior to initiating LPV/r,23.0%(106/461)had documented virological failure.During LPV/r treatment,18.9%(20/106)of these individuals experienced viral rebound.Among all participants,the overall virological suppression rates significantly increased from 94.6%(pre-switch)to 98.6%(post-switch)(P<0.001).Notably,among participants with prior virological failure,suppression rates improved significantly from 81.1%to 97.2%(P<0.001),whereas no significant difference was observed in those without such history(from 98.6% to 99.2%,P=0.764).The median triglyceride level decreased from 2.4 mmol/L to 1.8 mmol/L(P<0.001),while no difference in CD4 counts was observed.These findings demonstrate that BIC/FTC/TAF is an effective and metabolically favorable treatment option for PLWH switching from LPV/r based regimens,regardless of whether they have a prior history of virological failure.展开更多
文摘The national virology symposium of China,co-hosted biennially by the society and local research institutions,has now entered its 16th iteration.The 16th session,jointly hosted by Chinese Society for Virology-the virology division of the Chinese Society for Microbiology and the first hospital of Jilin University,took place in Changchun from August 15 to 17,2025.More than 800 participants attended the event,including renowned experts,scholars,and young scientists from institutions across the country(Fig.1).
文摘The 2020 year-end wrap-up session of Baishideng Publishing Group was held on December 31,2020.All staff attended this session.We shared our key results area and made a business plan regarding the journal management.World Journal of Virology(WJV)is now abstracted and indexed in PubMed and PubMed Central.It received 23 manuscripts and published 9 papers which included 6 articles reporting coronavirus 19 in 2020.On the other hand,we made major strategies for WJV’s development in 2021.At present,WJV only has 28 Editorial Board members and cannot receive many manuscripts.We must redouble our efforts to invite more highly influential scientists to join our Editorial Board member and write high-quality manuscripts.
基金Supported by The Grant of the Bilateral International Collaborative R&D Program from the Ministry of Knowledge Economythe Good Health R&D Project from the Ministry for Health,Welfare and Family Affairs,South Korea (A050021)
文摘Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is produced and secreted through a complex mechanism that is still not fully understood. In clinical fields, HBsAg has long served as a qualitative diagnostic marker for hepatitis B virus infection. Notably, advances have been made in the development of quantitative HBsAg assays, which have allowed viral replication monitoring, and there is an opportunity to make maximal use of quantitative HBsAg to elucidate its role in clinical fields. Yet, it needs to be underscored that a further understanding of HBsAg, not only from clinical point of view but also from a virologic point of view, would enable us to deepen our insights, so that we could more widely expand and apply its utility. It is also important to be familiar with HBsAg variants and their clinical consequences in terms of immune escape mutants, issues resulting from overlap with corresponding mutation in the P gene, and detection problems for the HBsAg variants. In this article, we review current concepts and issues on the quantification of HBsAg titers with respect to their biologic nature, method principles, and clinically relevant topics.
文摘In the 1970s,scientists learned of a new pathogen causing non-A,non-B hepatitis.Classical approaches were used to isolate and characterize this new pathogen,but it could be transmitted experimentally only to chimpanzees and progress was slow until the pathogen was identified as hepatitis C virus(HCV)in 1989.Since then,research and treatment of HCV have expanded with the development of modern biological medicine:HCV genome organization and polyprotein processing were delineated in 1993;the first three-dimensional structure of HCV nonstructural protein(NS3 serine protease)was revealed in 1996;an infectious clone of HCV complementary DNA was first constructed in 1997;interferon and ribavirin combination therapy was established in 1998 and the therapeutic strategy gradually optimized;the HCV replicon system was produced in1999;functional HCV pseudotyped viral particles were described in 2003;and recombinant infectious HCV in tissue culture was produced successfully in 2005.Recently,tremendous advances in HCV receptor discovery,understanding the HCV lifecycle,decryption of the HCV genome and proteins,as well as new anti-HCV compounds have been reported.Because HCV is difficult to isolate and culture,researchers have had to avail themselves to the best of modern biomedical technology;some of the major achievements in HCV research have not only advanced the understanding of HCV but also promoted knowledge of virology and cellular physiology.In this review,we summarize the advancements and remaining scotomas in the molecular virology and epidemiology of HCV.
文摘The Lome Infection and Immunity Conference is one of five scientific meetings held during each month of February at the Cumberland resort in the picturesque seaside town of Lome,on the Great Ocean Road in Victoria(Australia).The specific aim of the meeting is to bring together basic,clinical and translational researchers-those who examine microbes and their impact on the innate or adaptive immune response,researchers who study the mechanisms that regulate immune responses,and those who apply this knowledge to preventing and treating infectious and in”ammatory diseases.The average number of attendees is 220,with registrants appreciative of the welcoming and relaxed atmosphere(Fig.1).
文摘Since 1960, the Department of Pathophysio-logy of Shanghai Medical University has beenstudying the virology of experimental leukemia,the strains of L6565 mouse viral leukemia, SRSascitic and solid lymphoma and L783 transplan-table leukemia were established successively. Allof these tumor strains originated from the spon-taneous lymphocytic leukemia of Kunmin mouse(Figure 1).
文摘Virology is a branch of biological science dealing with the study of viruses,and medical virology focuses on the study and control of diseases due to viruses that is of medical importance. The development of medical virology in Malaysia has its beginning in the Institute for Medical Research(IMR) ,following the establishment of the Division of Medical Zoology and Virus Research in the institute on 23 March 1953. The second institution in the country to establish diagnostic and research work in medical virology was Department of Medical Microbiology,Faculty of Medicine,University Malaya. This was followed by University Kebangsaan Malaysia,University Sains Malaysia and University of Sarawak Malaysia. The National Public Health Laboratory(NPHL) is the latest institution to establish a laboratory in 2003 for virus isolation and services to support country surveillance and outbreak investigation of infectious diseases due to viruses. In the field of medical virology,Malaysia contributed substantially in the areas of virus diagnostic services,development and research ranging from survey and documentation on the existence and prevalence of viruses causing diseases in Malaysia,clinical presentation and epidemiological features of virus diseases,evaluation of new diagnostic tests to pathogenesis of viral diseases. Malaysia contributed to the discoveries of at least 12 new viruses in the world. ASEAN plus Three(China,Japan,Republic of Korea) Emerging Infectious Programme was established to overcome the challenges and impact of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in this region. Malaysia as the co-ordinator of the laboratory component of the programme,contributed to strengthen the regional laboratory capability,capacity,laboratory-based surveillance and networking. The future of medical virology in Malaysia in terms of integration of diagnostic,reference and research to support the country's need will be enhanced and strengthened with the on-going development of the National Centre for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC Malaysia) which also incorporates a futuristic Special Diagnostic and Reference Laboratory.
文摘The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staff and 11 departments, namely, the Departments of Hepatitis Viruses, Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses, Arboviruses, Influenza Viruses, Viral Immunology, Viral Genetics, Viral Diagnosis, Viral Oncology, Viral Morphology, Viral Biological Product Development, and the National Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering. It acts as the
基金2021 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.XJ2021284)First-Class Curriculum Construction Program of USST“English Interpreting Ability Training”(YLKC202204)The Eleventh China Foreign Language Education Fund Project“On the blended teaching model of interpretation course with the synergistic development of interpretation ability and critical thinking ability”(ZGWYJYJJ11A071).
文摘COVID has already been taken as a global pandemic,the culprit of which is the virus called SARS-CoV-2.Virologists around the world have been working hard at trying to find remedies and protection methods for the world.This paper is a brief analysis of lexical features of English virology texts,which will show that technical words,semi-technical words,and acronyms are the three prominent lexical features of English virology tests.It may be helpful in guiding cross-language communication in the virologists’community,which the authors hope would facilitate global research on COVID.
基金2021 Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(No.XJ2021284)First-Class Curriculum Construction Program of USST“English Interpreting Ability Training”(YLKC202204).
文摘Ever since late 2019,the COVID pandemic has given the world a great deal of pain and financial loss.Virologists around the world are working hard to eradicate it.Vaccines and treatment methods have been found,which cannot be accomplished without the joint efforts of the world virologist community.Naturally,facilitating global communication would help advance the research.This paper analyzes syntactical features of English virology texts and finds that:In these texts,verbs and postpositive attributes are used frequently,complicated logic needs careful analysis,and personification is often used.Having some knowledge of these sentence features may contribute to better communication in the virology community.
文摘The Institute of Virology was established in 1964. Its precursor was the Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (1949-1955), which was subsequently expanded to become the Department of Virology (1956-1963). This Institute has a total of around 350 staffand 11 departments, namely,
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2304100 to W.T.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(M23014 to N.Z.).
文摘Citation:Liu J,Zhu N,Huo W,et al.Advancing virology research with a human brain organoid platform.hLife 2025;3:237–242.The occurrence of viral infections causing central nervous system(CNS)diseases is significant,often accompanied by short-term or long-term sequelae and a high mortality rate.Typical clinical manifestations of viral infections that impact the CNS encompass encephalitis,meningitis,myelitis,and seizures[1].Treatments specific to most viral infections are generally limited.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(31530062 and 32025031)。
文摘Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
文摘The Virology Department of the Institut Pasteur(Paris,France)held its biennial Journ´ees D´epartementales de Virologie(JDV)on May 13-15,2024,in the sea-side town of Le Touquet,France.This event brought together virologists across the department for a gathering of scien-tific exchange and collaboration.Placing young researchers in the spotlight,the meeting featured 25 talks,31 posters,and a keynote address.In this meeting report,we aim to introduce the depart-ment,present its current activities,and communicate its vision.
文摘RNA interference （RNAi） is an ancient intra-cellular mechanism that regulates gene expression and cell function. Large-scale gene silencing using RNAi highthroughput screening （HTS） has opened an exciting frontier to systematically study gene function in mammalian cells. This approach enables researchers to identify gene function in a given biological context and will provide considerable novel insight. Here, we review RNAi HTS strategies and applications using case studies in cancer biology and virology.
文摘Reverse genetics via targeted modification of gene sequences to obtain a phenotype and the inference of a gene's function or regulatory mechanism is widely used as a potent tool in viral biology and application.However,while reverse genetics has contributed significantly to our understanding of molecular biology and the pathogenesis of viruses,its accessibility(operation)and openness(data)have raised many concerns regarding biosafety and biosecurity.In this review,we retrospectively examine the development of reverse genetics and its applications in virology,then emphasize global biosafety and biosecurity concerns regarding reverse genetics,and summarize global regulations,governance,and laws on reverse genetics.This review seeks to enhance our understanding and rational application of reverse genetics technology for the benefit of humankind.
文摘The Fourth China National Congress on Medical Virology was held from October 26 to 31, 1993 in Xiamen, Fujian Province. A total of 217 virology workers participated in the congress, which received 312 papers, 82 of which were selected for oral presentations. The plenary session was held on October 27, 1993. Four invited lectures were delivered first, followed by five presentations. The workshops were divided into 3 groups on October 28 and the morning of October 29.The first group included hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus and arboviruses. The second group included enteric viruses, rabies virus and other viruses. The third group incluffed hepatitis viruses and herpes viruses.
文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)remains a significant global health challenge,affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide.A functional cure,defined as the loss of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and suppression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA to undetectable levels,represents the optimal therapeutic endpoint for managing CHB.However,the complex pathogenesis of CHB,which includes HBV DNA integration,persistence of covalently closed circular DNA,and impaired immune responses,presents substantial barriers to HBsAg clearance.Current therapies offer limited success in achieving a functional cure,with HBsAg seroclearance occurring in only 3%-5%of patients after 10 years of nucleos(t)ide analogs(NAs)therapy and 8%-14%within 3-5 years of pegylated interferon treatment.To overcome these limitations,novel direct-acting antivirals targeting different stages of the HBV life cycle are being investigated.Additionally,immunomodulatory approaches,including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors,are being explored to enhance HBV-specific immune responses.The concept of NAs cessation in carefully selected non-cirrhotic patients may accelerate HBsAg loss,although the risks of hepatic flare and hepatocellular carcinoma necessitate rigorous monitoring.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of HBsAg seroclearance in CHB,discussing its clinical significance,therapeutic challenges,and evolving treatment landscape in the pursuit of a functional cure.
文摘Considering the recent study by Dobrowolska et al,which investigated sex-related differences in treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis C infection,this letter endorses the findings that highlight significant disparities between male and female patients.The study revealed that women,particularly those in the premen-opausal and menopausal stages,exhibited higher sustained virologic response rates than men.However,postmenopausal women encounter unique challenges that merit attention.This letter emphasizes the necessity for healthcare providers to implement sex-sensitive approaches in the management of hepatitis C,acknow-ledging the impact of biological,hormonal,and psychosocial factors on treatment efficacy.By advocating tailored treatment strategies that address these disparities,we can improve patient outcomes and ensure equitable healthcare for all indi-viduals affected by hepatitis C.Furthermore,this letter calls for additional rese-arch to explore the underlying mechanisms driving these differences,ultimately contributing to more effective and personalized care of patients across diverse demographics.
基金supported by the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH2024-2-2175).
文摘In China,approximately 13% of people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)are receiving lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r)-based regimens.These PLWH typically have a history of either treatment failure or intolerance to first-line efavirenz-based regimens.Given the considerable pill burden and adverse effects associated with LPV/r,treatment optimization is important for this population.This multicenter retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching from LPV/r-based regimens to the single-tablet regimen of bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide(BIC/FTC/TAF).Virological suppression rates(HIV-RNA<40 copies/mL)were primarily compared between the 48-week periods before and after switching to BIC/FTC/TAF.CD4 counts and metabolic data were also assessed.A total of 461 PLWH were recruited between January 2021 and December 2023,with 92.2% being male,a median age of 38 years,and a median antiretroviral therapy duration of 8 years.Prior to initiating LPV/r,23.0%(106/461)had documented virological failure.During LPV/r treatment,18.9%(20/106)of these individuals experienced viral rebound.Among all participants,the overall virological suppression rates significantly increased from 94.6%(pre-switch)to 98.6%(post-switch)(P<0.001).Notably,among participants with prior virological failure,suppression rates improved significantly from 81.1%to 97.2%(P<0.001),whereas no significant difference was observed in those without such history(from 98.6% to 99.2%,P=0.764).The median triglyceride level decreased from 2.4 mmol/L to 1.8 mmol/L(P<0.001),while no difference in CD4 counts was observed.These findings demonstrate that BIC/FTC/TAF is an effective and metabolically favorable treatment option for PLWH switching from LPV/r based regimens,regardless of whether they have a prior history of virological failure.
