Plant height is one of the important agronomic traits of rice. Over higher plant would easily result in plant lodging and output reducing. On the other hand, the dwarf varieties with proper plant height had higher lod...Plant height is one of the important agronomic traits of rice. Over higher plant would easily result in plant lodging and output reducing. On the other hand, the dwarf varieties with proper plant height had higher lodging resistance and a greater harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizer. Dwarf breeding had made a great breakthrough in the rice breeding. The breeding and extension of excellent dwarf varieties remarkably improved the yield potential of rice. Therefore, the plant height is still one of the focuses in rice genetic research.展开更多
Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese n...Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese native breeds and 8 breeding strains were studied in order to investigate the effects of different sex-linked dwarf variations on growth performance. The results showed that there were three reasons which could lead to dwarfism in the 11 breeds or strains. Firstly, an about 1.7 kb deletion of growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene leads to dwarfism in Jiangxi dwarf chicken, strains GF24, GF26, N308, N309, and N310. Secondly, a T354C mutation in exon 5 of the GHR gene leads to dwarfism in strains N301 and N305. Thirdly, an unknown variant leads to dwarfism in Guizhou Yellow Dwarf chicken and Yixing Bantam chicken. In addition, all individuals of N303 had the 1.7 kb deletion of the GHR gene, and additionally, some of them also carried the T354C mutation. As far as the performance of individuals were compared among T354C homozygote, deletion homozygote, and heterozygote carrying both T354C and deletion, it was found that the T354C＇s impacts on body weight of Chinese chickens were maximum, the body weight of chickens with homozygote T354C was 92.12% of those with heterozygote, and the difference of the body weight between deletion homozygote and heterozygote was not significant. There was no significant difference of shank length among three genotypes.展开更多
Recently, U. Das and B. Mukhopadhyay proposed that the Chandrasekhar limit of a white dwarf could reach a new high level （2.58M） if a superstrong magnetic field were considered （Das U and Mukhopadhyay B 2013 Phys. ...Recently, U. Das and B. Mukhopadhyay proposed that the Chandrasekhar limit of a white dwarf could reach a new high level （2.58M） if a superstrong magnetic field were considered （Das U and Mukhopadhyay B 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 071102）, where the structure of the strongly magnetized white dwarf （SMWD） is calculated in the framework of Newtonian theory （NT）. As the SMWD has a far smaller size, in contrast with the usual expectation, we found that there is an obvious general relativistic effect （GRE） in the SMWD. For example, for the SMWD with a one Landau level system, the super-Chandrasekhar mass limit in general relativity （GR） is approximately 16.5% lower than that in NT. More interestingly, the maximal mass of the white dwarf will be first increased when the magnetic field strength keeps on increasing and reaches the maximal value M = 2.48MQ with BD = 391.5. Then if we further increase the magnetic fields, surprisingly, the maximal mass of the white dwarf will decrease when one takes the GRE into account.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three ...This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three types of mandarin and 13 trifoliate types including ＂C-35＂ and ＂Benton＂ used as interstocks, developed vigorous trees similar or more productive than the control. ＂Morton＂ and ＂Benecke＂ citranges, ＂Pomeroy＂ trifoliate trifoliate orange and the ＂Severinia buxifolia＂ interstocks showed a moderated effect on tree growth. Flying dragon （FDT） and Hiryu trifoliate oranges performed as semi-dwarfing interstocks. These interstocks reduced the tree height, canopy volume and surface area covered by the foliage on 25%-35%, 20%-30% and 20%-30%, respectively, compared to the control. While most interstocks surpassed the assigned area of growth （24 m2） in the 7th year, ＂FDT＂ and ＂Hiryu＂ did that at the 10th year. These semi-dwarfing interstocks produced up to 80 kg/tree per year. Most treatments recorded the highest production from the 8th to 10th year, except FDT and Hiryu, which showed the highest yield （130 kg/tree） from the 5th to 7th year. This study provides useful results to face the huanglongbing （HLB） problem using moderate or semi-dwarfing interstocks for Mexican lime orchards in high density plantations.展开更多
文摘Plant height is one of the important agronomic traits of rice. Over higher plant would easily result in plant lodging and output reducing. On the other hand, the dwarf varieties with proper plant height had higher lodging resistance and a greater harvest index, allowing for the increased use of nitrogen fertilizer. Dwarf breeding had made a great breakthrough in the rice breeding. The breeding and extension of excellent dwarf varieties remarkably improved the yield potential of rice. Therefore, the plant height is still one of the focuses in rice genetic research.
基金projects under the Major State Basic Research Development Program China(2006CB102107)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (nycytx-42-G1-04)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,2010AA10A102)
文摘Variants in chicken growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene lead to sex-linked dwarf （SLD） chickens, but effects of different variants are distinct. In this study, 11 SLD chicken breeds or strains including 3 Chinese native breeds and 8 breeding strains were studied in order to investigate the effects of different sex-linked dwarf variations on growth performance. The results showed that there were three reasons which could lead to dwarfism in the 11 breeds or strains. Firstly, an about 1.7 kb deletion of growth hormone receptor （GHR） gene leads to dwarfism in Jiangxi dwarf chicken, strains GF24, GF26, N308, N309, and N310. Secondly, a T354C mutation in exon 5 of the GHR gene leads to dwarfism in strains N301 and N305. Thirdly, an unknown variant leads to dwarfism in Guizhou Yellow Dwarf chicken and Yixing Bantam chicken. In addition, all individuals of N303 had the 1.7 kb deletion of the GHR gene, and additionally, some of them also carried the T354C mutation. As far as the performance of individuals were compared among T354C homozygote, deletion homozygote, and heterozygote carrying both T354C and deletion, it was found that the T354C＇s impacts on body weight of Chinese chickens were maximum, the body weight of chickens with homozygote T354C was 92.12% of those with heterozygote, and the difference of the body weight between deletion homozygote and heterozygote was not significant. There was no significant difference of shank length among three genotypes.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10947023,11275073,and 11305063)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University of China(Grant Nos.2014ZG0036 and 2013ZM107)sponsored by the Science Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,SEM,and has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System
文摘Recently, U. Das and B. Mukhopadhyay proposed that the Chandrasekhar limit of a white dwarf could reach a new high level （2.58M） if a superstrong magnetic field were considered （Das U and Mukhopadhyay B 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 071102）, where the structure of the strongly magnetized white dwarf （SMWD） is calculated in the framework of Newtonian theory （NT）. As the SMWD has a far smaller size, in contrast with the usual expectation, we found that there is an obvious general relativistic effect （GRE） in the SMWD. For example, for the SMWD with a one Landau level system, the super-Chandrasekhar mass limit in general relativity （GR） is approximately 16.5% lower than that in NT. More interestingly, the maximal mass of the white dwarf will be first increased when the magnetic field strength keeps on increasing and reaches the maximal value M = 2.48MQ with BD = 391.5. Then if we further increase the magnetic fields, surprisingly, the maximal mass of the white dwarf will decrease when one takes the GRE into account.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the effect of 21 Citrus interstocks and the control Citrus macrophylla rootstock budded with Mexican lime （Citrus aurantifolia （Chistm.） Swingle） on growth and yield. Three types of mandarin and 13 trifoliate types including ＂C-35＂ and ＂Benton＂ used as interstocks, developed vigorous trees similar or more productive than the control. ＂Morton＂ and ＂Benecke＂ citranges, ＂Pomeroy＂ trifoliate trifoliate orange and the ＂Severinia buxifolia＂ interstocks showed a moderated effect on tree growth. Flying dragon （FDT） and Hiryu trifoliate oranges performed as semi-dwarfing interstocks. These interstocks reduced the tree height, canopy volume and surface area covered by the foliage on 25%-35%, 20%-30% and 20%-30%, respectively, compared to the control. While most interstocks surpassed the assigned area of growth （24 m2） in the 7th year, ＂FDT＂ and ＂Hiryu＂ did that at the 10th year. These semi-dwarfing interstocks produced up to 80 kg/tree per year. Most treatments recorded the highest production from the 8th to 10th year, except FDT and Hiryu, which showed the highest yield （130 kg/tree） from the 5th to 7th year. This study provides useful results to face the huanglongbing （HLB） problem using moderate or semi-dwarfing interstocks for Mexican lime orchards in high density plantations.
