Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder th...Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.展开更多
Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating eff...Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey.A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated(Boys=52.8%;Mean_(age)=13.00 years,Standard Deviation_(age)=2.31).Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses.Results:The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations.In particular,individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy.They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others,which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship.Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students,which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective.Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children’s benign peer relationships,and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized;specific measures include cultivating empathy,teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization,and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development.展开更多
The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for o...The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. This paper focuses on the social-demographic and sporting profiles of accident victims. Our intent is to better understand who is specifically at risk, while practicing mountain recreation, in the French mountains. Such identification doubtlessly constitutes an important asset in order to enhance prevention. Three critical activities are notably tackled, among some others: hiking, a widespread activity that exposes many practitioners to hazardous settings; mountaineering and ski touring, supposedly entailing the most severe injuries.In order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases that we knew of on the French territory: rescue team intervention reports, aggregated statistics from the sports ministry, sporting federation accident declarations, avalanche experts statistics, mountain guides union accident/incident reports, healthcare facilities admissions, etc. Only the sources consideredto be the most reliable and representative were used, owing to the number of cases processed, the exhaustive nature of data collection, or the level of information detail available. Our method also included consultation of all the parties playing an active role in prevention, training and mountain rescue, thus ensuring a participative, co-constructive approach to the study with the people that have the best knowledge of victim profiles. Around fifty such parties were interviewed on the methods implemented, the benefits and limits of current data, and the main expectations in terms of accidentology progress, thus further enhancing the credibility of the study proposed in this paper. Our results show that the parent population profiles(in terms of age, gender, place of residence, etc.), weighted by the level of exposure(frequency of participation, level of engagement, etc.) appears to have an impact on the accident victim profiles. There is certainly a very marked gender bias and a serious age impact to be taken into account, as well as the influence of the level of experience, which counter certain preconceived ideas and which, at the very least, go against instinct. However, aside from a probable over-exposure of experienced or expert participants, much remains to be explained concerning the accident mechanisms and circumstances involved. At this stage, we regret the analytic deficiencies induced by a lack ofknowledge concerning the parent populations in many cases, which makes interpretation difficult.展开更多
Dear Editor, Being trapped in difficult situation is considered as an important crisis that requires rescue. The good example is being trapped in cave. In July 2018, there was a worldwide news about 13 persons trapped...Dear Editor, Being trapped in difficult situation is considered as an important crisis that requires rescue. The good example is being trapped in cave. In July 2018, there was a worldwide news about 13 persons trapped in the cave in northern region of Thailand. Finally, those persons were able to be successfully rescued by the rescue team after more than 10 days trapped period. The interesting issue is on the clinical management of these persons in acute phase after being rescued. In fact, acute management of those who are rescued from difficult places is an interesting issue in acute disease management. Focusing on the case of being trapped in the cave, there was a similar case of being trapped in underground mine in Chile(1)In the present Thai situation, all victims were immediately sent to hospital for management. All cases recieved primary care and obtained immunization.展开更多
In the scales of the human rights protection which is not only meant to protect the basic rights of suspects, but also included the rights of victims, both are very important. However, during the execution process, th...In the scales of the human rights protection which is not only meant to protect the basic rights of suspects, but also included the rights of victims, both are very important. However, during the execution process, the criminal legal relations are always simply to be defined as the relationship between the national authorities with the suspects except the victims. The victim＇ s benefits and aspirations are often ignored because they are viewed as a category of witnesses. Therefore, it is against the will of legals,which is better to give the victims the concerned parties to participants the processing, then their rights can be protected and got the coordinating compensation.展开更多
Though blessed to be born in a peaceful era, Chi Shuai, a 17-year-old high school student in Qiqihar, northeast China’s Hei-longjiang Province, was unfortunate to fall victim to the Japanese invasion his grandparents...Though blessed to be born in a peaceful era, Chi Shuai, a 17-year-old high school student in Qiqihar, northeast China’s Hei-longjiang Province, was unfortunate to fall victim to the Japanese invasion his grandparents witnessed in the 1930s and 1940s. On August 4, 2003, the boy and 43 others were poisoned by mustard gas leaked from five tanks dug out at a construction site. The five metal tanks were later proved to be left by Japanese invaders in 1945. Li Guizhen, a rag picker who carried away and incised the tanks, died despite all the medical efforts to save his life. The youngest victim in this incident was only eight years old.展开更多
In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure...In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law.Victims deeply influenced by the concept of cooperative justice will also have an intention to cooperate,thus resulting in a rationale for victims’cooperation.Victims’cooperation features a subjectivity of interactivity,understanding,and constraint.This kind of cooperation faces the accused,the procuratorial organ,and the court.The jurisprudential function of the rationale for cooperation of victims is embodied in such aspects as recognizing the victims as eligible subjects,enhancing the legal force of the recognizance in a case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,and consolidating the legitimate basis for victim to obtain legal assistance.Oriented to protecting right of action of the victim,understanding and developing the rationale for the cooperation of the victim can start by reaching a judicial consensus on the"two limits"principle,optimizing the right of action system for victims,achieving the interconnection of multi-level litigation systems,and improving the rules on lenient punishment to enrich the plan for protecting victims’right of action in cases of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.展开更多
she listens to the giggles of her 13-year-old son and 17-year-old daughter watching a martial arts programme on TV in the lounge of her new two-story home.
On September 29, 2005, the State Council, on order of Premier Wen Jiabao, published the Regulations Concerning Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations for short）, which becam...On September 29, 2005, the State Council, on order of Premier Wen Jiabao, published the Regulations Concerning Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations for short）, which became valid for implementation on March 1, 2006. The Regulations has 64 articles in seven chapters, namely, General Principles, Publicity and Mass Education, Prevention and Control, Treatment and Help, Measures of Guarantee,展开更多
At 2:28 pm on May 12^(th),2008,Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province suffered an earthquake of mag-nitude of 8.0.The local death toll had reached 69,016 by noon of June 1^(st),along with a total of 368,545 in-jured and ...At 2:28 pm on May 12^(th),2008,Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province suffered an earthquake of mag-nitude of 8.0.The local death toll had reached 69,016 by noon of June 1^(st),along with a total of 368,545 in-jured and 18,830 people still missing.The tragedy included the collapse of an enormous number of houses...over one hundred thousand families lost their homes.Tens of thou-sands of children were orphaned.However,faced with this devastation,all nationalities in China were not intimidated but rather work...展开更多
At least 1,000 people gathered in front of Gyegu’s town hall on April 21 to mourn those killed in the last week’s devastating earthquake.The mourners, representing all the
Since the 1990s,an increasing number of 1.5 generation Vietnamese-American writers who were raised and educated in America have emerged.Their writings have explored the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on immigr...Since the 1990s,an increasing number of 1.5 generation Vietnamese-American writers who were raised and educated in America have emerged.Their writings have explored the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on immigrants,offering American literature an alternative angle on the conflict.Lan Cao,a Vietnamese-American,is the author of The Lotus and the Storm which set in war-torn Vietnam.The novel’s main characters go through the excruciating anguish of losing families and displacement.Meanwhile,they suffered from everlasting trauma although they immigrated to the United States.This essay examines the novel’s ongoing war trauma and post-war memories,illustrates the post-traumatic syndrome brought on by the Vietnam War in the Vietnamese people as a whole,and investigates how practitioners heal the trauma.展开更多
Starting from an etymological analysis of rape in the Indo-European language family,we want to trace the historical and semantic roots of this lexeme,in order to review its semantic and pragmatic development in the pe...Starting from an etymological analysis of rape in the Indo-European language family,we want to trace the historical and semantic roots of this lexeme,in order to review its semantic and pragmatic development in the perception of Italian speakers.Our aim is to read and understand the rape victim socio-cultural stigma in collective imagination.It is therefore possible to reconstruct the lexical,socio-semiotic,and narrative domain anticipating the phenomenology of victim blaming,which characterizes the media narratives of sexual violence.The victimological profile,socially expected and culturally accepted,seems to support the original semantic connotation of the Latin word stuprum,that is“corruption of virginity”,“contamination of purity”.Many typical mainstream discourses examined,through special“gender lenses”,provide portraits of imperfect,ambiguous,unreliable victims because they are deemed guilty of not being holy enough.展开更多
The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of th...The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.展开更多
Purpose Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening event worldwide.Severe brain trauma accompanying femoral fractures can trigger inflammatory responses in the body and increase pre-inflammatory cytokines such ...Purpose Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening event worldwide.Severe brain trauma accompanying femoral fractures can trigger inflammatory responses in the body and increase pre-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1.The primary treatment in these cases is hydration with crystalloids,which has both benefits and complications.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid therapy on the hemodynamics,coagulation profiles,and blood gases in such patients.Methods In this cross-sectional study,patients were divided into two groups:femoral fracture group and non-femoral group.The hemodynamic status,coagulation profile,and blood gases of patients in both groups were evaluated upon arrival at the hospital and again 2 h later.Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA with repeated data and paired samples t-test.Results A total of 681 trauma patients(605 men and 76 women)participated in this study,including 69(86.3%)men and 11(13.8%)women in femoral fracture group and 536 men(89.2%)and 65 women(10.8%)in non-femoral group.The laboratory parameters were evaluated in response to the equal amount of crystalloid fluid given upon arrival and 2 h later.Blood gases decreased in the fracture group despite fluid therapy(p<0.003),and the coagulation profile worsened although the change was not statistically significant.Conclusion The treatment of multiple-trauma patients with femoral bone fractures should be more concerned with the need for the infusion of vasopressors such as norepinephrine.If there is evidence of clinical shock,excessive crystalloid infusion(limited to 1 L)should be avoided,and blood and blood products should be started as soon as possible.展开更多
The 2004 Southeast Asia Tsunami killed nearly 5,400 people in Southern Thailand, including foreign tourists and local residents. To recover DNA evidence as much as possible from the seriously decomposed bodies, we exp...The 2004 Southeast Asia Tsunami killed nearly 5,400 people in Southern Thailand, including foreign tourists and local residents. To recover DNA evidence as much as possible from the seriously decomposed bodies, we explored procedures of sample preparation from both bone and tooth samples as well as both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Despite having failed to recover enough DNA for nuclear marker typing, we succeeded in obtaining fully informative results for mitochondrial markers （HV1 and HV2） from 258 tooth samples with a success rate of 51% （258/507）. Using an organic DNA extraction method coupled with an ultrafiltration step, we obtained 16 STR （including 13 CODIS loci, one sex discrimination locus, and two Identifiler loci） profiles for 834 samples with a success rate of 79% （834/1,062）. In addition, by comparing the allelic frequencies between the typed samples as a group and other index populations, we conclude that the Thai tsunami victims are a combined group of several populations. Our results provide valuable evidence and protocols for the future forensic practice.展开更多
The terrorist attacks that occurred in France in 2015 and 2016,which had many victims,proved that it is essential to identify victims following the methodology developed by International Criminal Police Organization(I...The terrorist attacks that occurred in France in 2015 and 2016,which had many victims,proved that it is essential to identify victims following the methodology developed by International Criminal Police Organization(INTERPOL)for such events.Initially designed for natural disasters,this approach must be strictly respected should a terrorist attack occur.This includes the specific collection of bodies and body parts,as well as the setup of an antemortem unit,postmortem unit,and Identification Commission.This commission is made up of specialists and will make decisions on the basis of primary identifying elements(fingerprints,DNA,dental records)and/or secondary identifying elements(other distinctive and particularly discriminating signs).A multidisciplinary team,combining specifically trained police officers and scientists,must provide a reliable and consolidated list of deceased people based on biometric elements cross checked with elements from the investigations.Any list of names generated on another basis should be excluded.Identification of the deceased by relatives(visual recognition),even if the bodies do not appear mutilated and/or decayed,should be avoided to avert erroneous death announcements,body presentations,or even burials or cremations.Similarly,identifying victims only on the basis of their personal effects(such as an identity card)must be absolutely avoided.All bodies,even those whose identities seem obvious to the first responders or to the relatives,must be registered as“X”during the crime scene search and properly identified according to the INTERPOL protocol.The same protocol should be applied to unconscious injured people.Considering the expectations of our modern society for rapid information circulation and quick responses from the authorities,the French team has made a few adjustments to speed up the identification process without compromising its integrity.Validated and supported by both the French judicial and administrative authorities in the light of the experience of the November 2015 attacks in Paris,this innovative method proved its effectiveness during the Nice attack in July 2016.It can only be successful in a context where all the individuals involved in the crisis,up to the highest authorities,understand it,support it,and relay it in the best interest of the victims’families.展开更多
BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health p...BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health problems is crucial for effective intervention.This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.AIM To examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.METHODS A total of 1260 middle school students(54.6%male)participated in this study.Data were collected at two time points(time 1 and time 2)using self-report questionnaires to assess PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.Cross-lagged panel network analysis was applied to examine the bi-directional relationships between these variables over time.RESULTS Depression,particularly a“sad mood,”was the most significant predictor of both PBV and aggression.Cyberbullying victimization also emerged as a key factor influencing depression and anxiety.While anxiety had weaker and less consistent effects on PBV,aggression was predominantly influenced by depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances.The analysis also identified key symptoms,such as a“sad mood”and sleep disturbances,as crucial targets for intervention to mitigate the cycle of PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.CONCLUSION This study provides important insights for bullying victimization prevention and intervention strategies:(1)Early identification and intervention targeting depression,particularly a“sad mood,”and sleep disturbances;(2)The importance of addressing cyberbullying as a distinct factor influencing mental health;and(3)The need for comprehensive,longitudinal approaches to understanding and intervening in the interconnected mental health issues among adolescents.展开更多
基金Supported by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program(739578)the Government of the Republic of Cyprus through the Deputy Ministry of Research,Innovation,and Digital Policy.
文摘Background Efficient disaster victim detection(DVD)in urban areas after natural disasters is crucial for minimizing losses.However,conventional search and rescue(SAR)methods often experience delays,which can hinder the timely detection of victims.SAR teams face various challenges,including limited access to debris and collapsed structures,safety risks due to unstable conditions,and disrupted communication networks.Methods In this paper,we present DeepSafe,a novel two-level deep learning approach for multilevel classification and object detection using a simulated disaster victim dataset.DeepSafe first employs YOLOv8 to classify images into victim and non-victim categories.Subsequently,Detectron2 is used to precisely locate and outline the victims.Results Experimental results demonstrate the promising performance of DeepSafe in both victim classification and detection.The model effectively identified and located victims under the challenging conditions presented in the dataset.Conclusion DeepSafe offers a practical tool for real-time disaster management and SAR operations,significantly improving conventional methods by reducing delays and enhancing victim detection accuracy in disaster-stricken urban areas.
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Number 21YBQ005).
文摘Objectives:This study investigates the association between victimization experience and the tendency to defend on behalf of victims during school bullying incidents in public settings,with a focus on the mediating effect of empathy and the moderating role of school level among Chinese children and adolescents.Methods:Data were collected by a cross-sectional survey.A total of 1491 students in Grades 4–11 participated(Boys=52.8%;Mean_(age)=13.00 years,Standard Deviation_(age)=2.31).Structural equation modeling is employed to test the hypotheses.Results:The results indicate that empathy measures partially mediate the relationship between victimization experience and defending tendency in public in-school bullying situations.In particular,individuals with a history of victimization typically demonstrate lower levels of empathy.They are less likely to protect victims in school bullying situations in the presence of others,which suggests that empathy plays a significant mediating role in this relationship.Group differences were found between primary and secondary school students,which indicates that the hypothesized model should be considered through a developmental perspective.Conclusions:The findings of this study emphasize the importance of children’s benign peer relationships,and practitioners are encouraged to prevent victimization in schools and care for students who have been victimized;specific measures include cultivating empathy,teaching defending skills that have been found to help reduce the adverse effects of victimization,and encouraging prosocial behavior during children's socialization development.
文摘The risk of both severe and frequent injury associated with active pursuits in mountain areas is acknowledged. This phenomenon is all the most relevant to investigate in France that there is a growing enthusiasm for outdoor sports and recreation. This paper focuses on the social-demographic and sporting profiles of accident victims. Our intent is to better understand who is specifically at risk, while practicing mountain recreation, in the French mountains. Such identification doubtlessly constitutes an important asset in order to enhance prevention. Three critical activities are notably tackled, among some others: hiking, a widespread activity that exposes many practitioners to hazardous settings; mountaineering and ski touring, supposedly entailing the most severe injuries.In order to align the information collected, then provide estimations based on the reasoned crossing of these secondary data, we consulted and summarised all the databases that we knew of on the French territory: rescue team intervention reports, aggregated statistics from the sports ministry, sporting federation accident declarations, avalanche experts statistics, mountain guides union accident/incident reports, healthcare facilities admissions, etc. Only the sources consideredto be the most reliable and representative were used, owing to the number of cases processed, the exhaustive nature of data collection, or the level of information detail available. Our method also included consultation of all the parties playing an active role in prevention, training and mountain rescue, thus ensuring a participative, co-constructive approach to the study with the people that have the best knowledge of victim profiles. Around fifty such parties were interviewed on the methods implemented, the benefits and limits of current data, and the main expectations in terms of accidentology progress, thus further enhancing the credibility of the study proposed in this paper. Our results show that the parent population profiles(in terms of age, gender, place of residence, etc.), weighted by the level of exposure(frequency of participation, level of engagement, etc.) appears to have an impact on the accident victim profiles. There is certainly a very marked gender bias and a serious age impact to be taken into account, as well as the influence of the level of experience, which counter certain preconceived ideas and which, at the very least, go against instinct. However, aside from a probable over-exposure of experienced or expert participants, much remains to be explained concerning the accident mechanisms and circumstances involved. At this stage, we regret the analytic deficiencies induced by a lack ofknowledge concerning the parent populations in many cases, which makes interpretation difficult.
文摘Dear Editor, Being trapped in difficult situation is considered as an important crisis that requires rescue. The good example is being trapped in cave. In July 2018, there was a worldwide news about 13 persons trapped in the cave in northern region of Thailand. Finally, those persons were able to be successfully rescued by the rescue team after more than 10 days trapped period. The interesting issue is on the clinical management of these persons in acute phase after being rescued. In fact, acute management of those who are rescued from difficult places is an interesting issue in acute disease management. Focusing on the case of being trapped in the cave, there was a similar case of being trapped in underground mine in Chile(1)In the present Thai situation, all victims were immediately sent to hospital for management. All cases recieved primary care and obtained immunization.
文摘In the scales of the human rights protection which is not only meant to protect the basic rights of suspects, but also included the rights of victims, both are very important. However, during the execution process, the criminal legal relations are always simply to be defined as the relationship between the national authorities with the suspects except the victims. The victim＇ s benefits and aspirations are often ignored because they are viewed as a category of witnesses. Therefore, it is against the will of legals,which is better to give the victims the concerned parties to participants the processing, then their rights can be protected and got the coordinating compensation.
文摘Though blessed to be born in a peaceful era, Chi Shuai, a 17-year-old high school student in Qiqihar, northeast China’s Hei-longjiang Province, was unfortunate to fall victim to the Japanese invasion his grandparents witnessed in the 1930s and 1940s. On August 4, 2003, the boy and 43 others were poisoned by mustard gas leaked from five tanks dug out at a construction site. The five metal tanks were later proved to be left by Japanese invaders in 1945. Li Guizhen, a rag picker who carried away and incised the tanks, died despite all the medical efforts to save his life. The youngest victim in this incident was only eight years old.
基金a phased result of the general project of“Research on the Human Rights Protection of Victims in Leniency Cases Involving Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishment”(Project No.:CSHRS2020-16YB)under the Ministry-level research program of the China Society for Human Rights Studies(CSHRS)in 2020
文摘In the context of the more frequent application of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,the connotations of the rules on victim involvement should be enriched in the 2018 Criminal Procedure Law.Victims deeply influenced by the concept of cooperative justice will also have an intention to cooperate,thus resulting in a rationale for victims’cooperation.Victims’cooperation features a subjectivity of interactivity,understanding,and constraint.This kind of cooperation faces the accused,the procuratorial organ,and the court.The jurisprudential function of the rationale for cooperation of victims is embodied in such aspects as recognizing the victims as eligible subjects,enhancing the legal force of the recognizance in a case of pleading guilty and accepting punishment,and consolidating the legitimate basis for victim to obtain legal assistance.Oriented to protecting right of action of the victim,understanding and developing the rationale for the cooperation of the victim can start by reaching a judicial consensus on the"two limits"principle,optimizing the right of action system for victims,achieving the interconnection of multi-level litigation systems,and improving the rules on lenient punishment to enrich the plan for protecting victims’right of action in cases of pleading guilty and accepting punishment.
文摘she listens to the giggles of her 13-year-old son and 17-year-old daughter watching a martial arts programme on TV in the lounge of her new two-story home.
文摘On September 29, 2005, the State Council, on order of Premier Wen Jiabao, published the Regulations Concerning Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS （hereinafter referred to as the Regulations for short）, which became valid for implementation on March 1, 2006. The Regulations has 64 articles in seven chapters, namely, General Principles, Publicity and Mass Education, Prevention and Control, Treatment and Help, Measures of Guarantee,
文摘At 2:28 pm on May 12^(th),2008,Wenchuan County of Sichuan Province suffered an earthquake of mag-nitude of 8.0.The local death toll had reached 69,016 by noon of June 1^(st),along with a total of 368,545 in-jured and 18,830 people still missing.The tragedy included the collapse of an enormous number of houses...over one hundred thousand families lost their homes.Tens of thou-sands of children were orphaned.However,faced with this devastation,all nationalities in China were not intimidated but rather work...
文摘At least 1,000 people gathered in front of Gyegu’s town hall on April 21 to mourn those killed in the last week’s devastating earthquake.The mourners, representing all the
文摘Since the 1990s,an increasing number of 1.5 generation Vietnamese-American writers who were raised and educated in America have emerged.Their writings have explored the devastating effects of the Vietnam War on immigrants,offering American literature an alternative angle on the conflict.Lan Cao,a Vietnamese-American,is the author of The Lotus and the Storm which set in war-torn Vietnam.The novel’s main characters go through the excruciating anguish of losing families and displacement.Meanwhile,they suffered from everlasting trauma although they immigrated to the United States.This essay examines the novel’s ongoing war trauma and post-war memories,illustrates the post-traumatic syndrome brought on by the Vietnam War in the Vietnamese people as a whole,and investigates how practitioners heal the trauma.
文摘Starting from an etymological analysis of rape in the Indo-European language family,we want to trace the historical and semantic roots of this lexeme,in order to review its semantic and pragmatic development in the perception of Italian speakers.Our aim is to read and understand the rape victim socio-cultural stigma in collective imagination.It is therefore possible to reconstruct the lexical,socio-semiotic,and narrative domain anticipating the phenomenology of victim blaming,which characterizes the media narratives of sexual violence.The victimological profile,socially expected and culturally accepted,seems to support the original semantic connotation of the Latin word stuprum,that is“corruption of virginity”,“contamination of purity”.Many typical mainstream discourses examined,through special“gender lenses”,provide portraits of imperfect,ambiguous,unreliable victims because they are deemed guilty of not being holy enough.
文摘The article seeks to present spiritual abuse and the untold harm it causes.While cognisant of the fact that this kind of abuse can occur within any faith context,the focus of this study is the possible existence of the phenomenon within certain Christian religious groups,such as lay associations and movements,although it can take place within other more formal ecclesial structures such as dioceses,parishes,and institutes of consecrated life,too.The features of spiritual abuse are outlined,together with the urgency concerning an increased awareness about it.The Catholic Church,at a universal level,is in the process of delving more deeply into the phenomenon as it seeks to prepare useful guidelines with the aim of safeguarding the vulnerable who may be potential victims of this kind of abuse.The subtlety of the latter is coupled with the fact that it may be conveniently disguised under the cover of spiritual input,practices and prayer,as well as personal and communal spiritual relationships.
文摘Purpose Traumatic hemorrhagic shock is a life-threatening event worldwide.Severe brain trauma accompanying femoral fractures can trigger inflammatory responses in the body and increase pre-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α,IL-1.The primary treatment in these cases is hydration with crystalloids,which has both benefits and complications.The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid therapy on the hemodynamics,coagulation profiles,and blood gases in such patients.Methods In this cross-sectional study,patients were divided into two groups:femoral fracture group and non-femoral group.The hemodynamic status,coagulation profile,and blood gases of patients in both groups were evaluated upon arrival at the hospital and again 2 h later.Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA with repeated data and paired samples t-test.Results A total of 681 trauma patients(605 men and 76 women)participated in this study,including 69(86.3%)men and 11(13.8%)women in femoral fracture group and 536 men(89.2%)and 65 women(10.8%)in non-femoral group.The laboratory parameters were evaluated in response to the equal amount of crystalloid fluid given upon arrival and 2 h later.Blood gases decreased in the fracture group despite fluid therapy(p<0.003),and the coagulation profile worsened although the change was not statistically significant.Conclusion The treatment of multiple-trauma patients with femoral bone fractures should be more concerned with the need for the infusion of vasopressors such as norepinephrine.If there is evidence of clinical shock,excessive crystalloid infusion(limited to 1 L)should be avoided,and blood and blood products should be started as soon as possible.
文摘The 2004 Southeast Asia Tsunami killed nearly 5,400 people in Southern Thailand, including foreign tourists and local residents. To recover DNA evidence as much as possible from the seriously decomposed bodies, we explored procedures of sample preparation from both bone and tooth samples as well as both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Despite having failed to recover enough DNA for nuclear marker typing, we succeeded in obtaining fully informative results for mitochondrial markers （HV1 and HV2） from 258 tooth samples with a success rate of 51% （258/507）. Using an organic DNA extraction method coupled with an ultrafiltration step, we obtained 16 STR （including 13 CODIS loci, one sex discrimination locus, and two Identifiler loci） profiles for 834 samples with a success rate of 79% （834/1,062）. In addition, by comparing the allelic frequencies between the typed samples as a group and other index populations, we conclude that the Thai tsunami victims are a combined group of several populations. Our results provide valuable evidence and protocols for the future forensic practice.
文摘The terrorist attacks that occurred in France in 2015 and 2016,which had many victims,proved that it is essential to identify victims following the methodology developed by International Criminal Police Organization(INTERPOL)for such events.Initially designed for natural disasters,this approach must be strictly respected should a terrorist attack occur.This includes the specific collection of bodies and body parts,as well as the setup of an antemortem unit,postmortem unit,and Identification Commission.This commission is made up of specialists and will make decisions on the basis of primary identifying elements(fingerprints,DNA,dental records)and/or secondary identifying elements(other distinctive and particularly discriminating signs).A multidisciplinary team,combining specifically trained police officers and scientists,must provide a reliable and consolidated list of deceased people based on biometric elements cross checked with elements from the investigations.Any list of names generated on another basis should be excluded.Identification of the deceased by relatives(visual recognition),even if the bodies do not appear mutilated and/or decayed,should be avoided to avert erroneous death announcements,body presentations,or even burials or cremations.Similarly,identifying victims only on the basis of their personal effects(such as an identity card)must be absolutely avoided.All bodies,even those whose identities seem obvious to the first responders or to the relatives,must be registered as“X”during the crime scene search and properly identified according to the INTERPOL protocol.The same protocol should be applied to unconscious injured people.Considering the expectations of our modern society for rapid information circulation and quick responses from the authorities,the French team has made a few adjustments to speed up the identification process without compromising its integrity.Validated and supported by both the French judicial and administrative authorities in the light of the experience of the November 2015 attacks in Paris,this innovative method proved its effectiveness during the Nice attack in July 2016.It can only be successful in a context where all the individuals involved in the crisis,up to the highest authorities,understand it,support it,and relay it in the best interest of the victims’families.
基金Supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Project,No.22YJC190023.
文摘BACKGROUND Peer bullying victimization(PBV)is a significant public health issue that adolescents often face,with approximately one-third having experienced PBV.Understanding its interrelationships with mental health problems is crucial for effective intervention.This study aims to examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.AIM To examine the longitudinal relationships between internalizing problems(depression and anxiety),externalizing problems(aggression),and PBV among middle school students using cross-lagged panel network analysis.METHODS A total of 1260 middle school students(54.6%male)participated in this study.Data were collected at two time points(time 1 and time 2)using self-report questionnaires to assess PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.Cross-lagged panel network analysis was applied to examine the bi-directional relationships between these variables over time.RESULTS Depression,particularly a“sad mood,”was the most significant predictor of both PBV and aggression.Cyberbullying victimization also emerged as a key factor influencing depression and anxiety.While anxiety had weaker and less consistent effects on PBV,aggression was predominantly influenced by depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances.The analysis also identified key symptoms,such as a“sad mood”and sleep disturbances,as crucial targets for intervention to mitigate the cycle of PBV,depression,anxiety,and aggression.CONCLUSION This study provides important insights for bullying victimization prevention and intervention strategies:(1)Early identification and intervention targeting depression,particularly a“sad mood,”and sleep disturbances;(2)The importance of addressing cyberbullying as a distinct factor influencing mental health;and(3)The need for comprehensive,longitudinal approaches to understanding and intervening in the interconnected mental health issues among adolescents.
