Viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria after chlorination disinfection pose a considerable threat to the public health and environment.The current work aimed to uncover the stress adaptation mechanisms of VBNC Salmon...Viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria after chlorination disinfection pose a considerable threat to the public health and environment.The current work aimed to uncover the stress adaptation mechanisms of VBNC Salmonella Enteritidis to sodium hypochlorite.In this study,we investigated the morphology,gene expressions and proteomic profile in VBNC S.Enteritidis.It demonstrated that 10^(9) cells/mL of bacteria could transition into the VBNC state after exposure to 50 mg/L chlorine for 2.5 h.The VBNC state cells exhibited cellular membrane impairment,decreased size,and intracellular ATP depletion compared to the culturable cells.In the VBNC state cells,there was a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and NAD^(+)/NADH ratios.This observation suggested an imbalance in the intracellular redox status of the VBNC bacteria.Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of the resistance-nodulation-division(RND)efflux systems(arcA,tolC,ramA),oxidative stress response genes(soxR,trxA,grxB),DNA repair genes(lexA,radA,mutH,mutL),and virulence factor genes(sseA,sseL,eutS,and eutE).Our findings indicated that it is important to formulate disinfection protocols that are specifically designed for food processing plants and healthcare facilities,focusing on implementing a more thorough disinfection method to effectively eradicate VBNC cells.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 ne...Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 neonates with NEC admitted to our hospital were selected as study subjects.During the study,these 88 patients were evenly divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 44 patients in each group based on the random number table method.In terms of treatment,the control group was treated with meropenem,while the observation group received additional treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria powder based on the treatment plan of the control group.The clinical efficacy and differences in serum inflammatory factor levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the observation group(90.91%)was better than that of the control group(72.73%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment,and the values of the above indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on conventional treatment for NEC neonates,the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets has significant efficacy and can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.展开更多
In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied include...In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.展开更多
creening of foodborne pathogens is important to prevent contaminated foods from their supply chains.n this study, a portable detection device was developed for rapid, sensitive and simple detection of viable almonella...creening of foodborne pathogens is important to prevent contaminated foods from their supply chains.n this study, a portable detection device was developed for rapid, sensitive and simple detection of viable almonella using a finger-actuated microfluidic chip and an improved recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay. Improved propidium monoazide(PMAxx) was combined with RAA to enable this device to distinguish viable bacteria from dead ones. The modification of PMAxx into dead bacteria, the magnetic xtraction of nucleic acids from viable bacteria and the RAA detection of extracted nucleic acids were performed using the microfluidic chip on its supporting device by finger press-release operations. The fluorescent signal resulting from RAA amplification of the nucleic acids was collected using a USB camera nd analyzed using a self-developed smartphone App to quantitatively determine the bacterial concenration. This device could detect Salmonella typhimurium in spiked chicken meats from 1.3 × 10^(2) CFU/m L o 1.3 × 10^(7) CFU/m L in 2 h with a lower detection limit of 130 CFU/m L, and has shown its potential for on-site detection of foodborne pathogens.展开更多
The objective of this study is to investigate the immune-enhancing ability of viable and heat-killed Weissella cibaria JW15(JW15)isolated from Kimchi in RAW 264.7 macrophages.The immune effects were evaluated by measu...The objective of this study is to investigate the immune-enhancing ability of viable and heat-killed Weissella cibaria JW15(JW15)isolated from Kimchi in RAW 264.7 macrophages.The immune effects were evaluated by measuring the production of NO,cytokines,inflammatory enzyme,and activation of NF-κB.Viable JW15 executed higher activity on stimulating the release of TNF-αas well as activating NF-κB compared to that of heatkilled JW15.Additionally,viable and heat-killed JW15 significantly increased the production of NO,IL-6 and TNF-αmore than that of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG).Furthermore,viable JW15 induced higher production of i NOS compared with that of viable LGG.Collectively,our finding indicates that viable JW15 had similar,if not more,immune-enhancing activities as heat-killed JW15.In addition,viable JW15 had higher immune-enhancing activity than commercial strain LGG.Therefore,viable JW15 has the potential to be used as a functional food to improve the host immune response.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Lidan Tuihuang formula combined with Peifeikang and blue light irradiation in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. METHODS: a total of 140 cases of neonatal jaundice were ...OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Lidan Tuihuang formula combined with Peifeikang and blue light irradiation in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. METHODS: a total of 140 cases of neonatal jaundice were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 70 cases in each group. The control group was treated with blue light irradiation and oral Bifid Lriple Viable, on the basis of conventional clinical interventions. The observation group was treated with Lidan Tuihuang formula on the basis of the control group. After 7 days of treatment, the scores of clinical symptom(skin yellowness, reduced milk volume, constipation, abdominal distension) and level of serum bilirubin before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the adverse reactions and clinical recurrence of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After treatment, the effective rate was 94.3% in the observation group which was significantly higher than that in the control group(77.1%)(P < 0.05). The degree of yellowing of the skin, the reduction of the amount of milk, the concentration of constipation and the distension of bloating were all significantly reduced in the 2 groups after treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of the above indexes in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The level of serum bilirubin was significantly lower in the 2 groups after treatment and even for 2 weeks after treatment(P < 0.05). The improvement level of serum bilirubin in the observation group after treatment and even for 2 weeks after treatment were significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The recurrence rate in the observation group was 8.7%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group 22.2 %(P < 0.05); No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of Lidan Tuihuang Formular, Bifid Lriple Viable, blue light irradiation for neonatal jaundice can rapidly improve the clinical symptoms of children, reduce the level of serum bilirubin and shorten the treatment time, with no obvious adverse reactions and high clinical safety.展开更多
Objective:To observe the mechanism of Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules for neonatal jaundice treatment and offer clinical help to neonatal jaundice treatment. Met...Objective:To observe the mechanism of Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules for neonatal jaundice treatment and offer clinical help to neonatal jaundice treatment. Methods:80 children with neonatal jaundice were selected and randomly divided into groups:the observation group (40 children) and the control group (40 children). The patient in the control group were treated with blue light and the patients in the observation group were treated with Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules. Biochemical parameters [TBA (total bile acid), TSB (serum total bilirubin), DB (Direct bilirubin) and TCB (Percutaneous jaundice index)], nerve factor [NSE (neuronspecific enolase), Aβ(βamyloid protein) and S100B (Astrocyte derived protein)] and myocardial enzyme spectrum [LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK (creatine kinase) and CK-MB (isoenzymes of creatine kinase)], liver function [ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase)] and renal function (BUN and Cr) were detected and analyzed before and after treatment. Results:The comparison of Biochemical parameters, nerve factor and myocardial enzymes, liver function and renal function in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Biochemical parameters (TBA, TSB, TCB and DB), nerve factor (NSE, Aβand S100B) and myocardial enzyme spectrum (LDH, CK and CK-MB), liver function (ALT and AST) and renal function [BUN (urea nitrogen) and Cr (creatinine)] in both groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with that before treatment. The changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Biochemical parameters (TBA, TSB, TCB and DB), nerve factor (NSE, Aβand S100B) and myocardial enzyme spectrum (LDH, CK and CK-MB), liver function (ALT and AST) and renal function (BUN and Cr) in observation group after treatment decreased more significantly compared with that in control group. The difference between two groups was considered to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules could regulate the Biochemical parameters, protect nerve function and cardiac muscle cells and improve liver and kidney function in newborns with jaundice. So it has a very important clinical significance of the treatment to neonatal jaundice.展开更多
Objectives To compare the different effects of late successful reperfusion with PCI on left ventricular function and its relationship with viable myocardium after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction in patients ...Objectives To compare the different effects of late successful reperfusion with PCI on left ventricular function and its relationship with viable myocardium after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction in patients with or without diabetes. Methods A total of 125 consecutive subjects with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction were selected, and divided into diabetes mellitus （DM） group （ n = 43） and Non-DM group （ n = 82） according to WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria. All patients received successful PCI at 12 ± 8 days from onset. Ischemic viable myocardium was detected with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography, and left ventricular function and wall motion abnormality were also assessed with echocardiography before PCI. The data of clinical manifestations and angiograms before and after PCI were analyzed. Levels of creatinine kinase-MB （CK-MB）, and troponin T （TnT） before PCI, 6 hours and 24 hours after PCI were assessed. All patients received clinic and echocardiography follow-up for 6 months. Results Higher rate of TIMI 2 flow, and lower rate of TIMI 3 flow in DM group were demonstrated immediately after PCI, and the rate of serum CK-MB and/or TnT levels were higher in DM group, compared with Non-DM group（P 〈 0.05）. 63% of DM patients and 56% of non-DM patients had viable myocardium before PCI（ P 〉 0. 05）. There were no significant differences of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular end diastolic volume index （LVEDVI）, left ventricular end systolic volume index （LVESVI）, and wall motion score （WMS） between two groups at baseline before PCI（P 〉 0.05）. After six months, WMS was decreased and LVEF was increased in Non-DM group, but the WMS and the LVEF did not changed, and the LVEDVI was increased in DM group compared with baseline; the LVEDVI, LVESVI, LVEF, and WMS were significantly different between two groups （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Compared with non-diabetics, delayed successful revascularization with PCI in diabetics patient with acute myocardial infarction has less benefitial effect on the improvement of late phase left ventricular function, and it may be because the insufficient reperfusion or reperfusion injury to myocardium but not the viable myocardium contributing to the poor result. （S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 196 -203）展开更多
We examine the impact of electromagnetic field on the stability of compact stars corresponding to embedded class one metric using the concept of cracking. For this purpose, we develop the generalized hydrostatic equi-...We examine the impact of electromagnetic field on the stability of compact stars corresponding to embedded class one metric using the concept of cracking. For this purpose, we develop the generalized hydrostatic equi- librium equation for charged perfect fluid distribution of compact stars and perturb it by means of local density perturbation scheme to check the stability of inner matter configuration. We investigate the cracking of Her X-I, PSR 1937＋21, PSR J 1614-2230, PSR J 0348＋0432 and B.X J 1856-37. We conclude that PSR J 0348＋0432 and RX J 1856-37 exhibit cracking when charge is introduced on these astrophysical objects.展开更多
When the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)assay is used for detecting target genes,DNA extraction is unnecessary in many cases.Simple pretreatment(e.g.heating)is enough to obtain rather sensitive responses....When the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)assay is used for detecting target genes,DNA extraction is unnecessary in many cases.Simple pretreatment(e.g.heating)is enough to obtain rather sensitive responses.Even test samples without any pretreatment can be used as template.This feature suggests that LAMP is superior to PCR in developing point-of-care test strategies.In this study,using Stx1 gene from E.coli as model,we verified that viable cells,dead cells and extracellular DNA could function as template in the LAMP assay.In the incubation at 63℃,viable bacteria in the LAMP reaction mixture lysed completely within 2 min,providing DNA template for nucleic acid amplification.The Stx1 gene in diluted culture medium,spiked tap water,spiked seawater and real seawater all could be detected,with or without the step of DNA extraction.We found that the complex substances in real sample(e.g.natural seawater)exhibited considerable inhibitory effect on the sensitivity of the LAMP assay.These outcomes are meaningful for building a point-of-care strategy by employing the LAMP assay for environmental monitoring,bio-resource surveys,food safety,etc.in particular those based on environmental DNA.展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy on the inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods:...Objective: To study the effect of triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy on the inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods: Patients with cirrhosis combined with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis who were treated in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shehong County between March 2015 and October 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group who accepted triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy and the control group who accepted conventional symptomatic treatment. The levels of inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal barrier markers in serum as well as the number of intestinal flora in feces were detected before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment. Results: Compared with those of same group before treatment, PCT, CRP, sTREM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, DAO, D-lactic acid, LPS, Occludin and ZO-1 levels in serum as well as the number of enterobacter and enterococcus in feces of both groups of patients were lower whereas the number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and clostridium leptum were higher after treatment, and PCT, CRP, sTREM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, DAO, D-lactic acid, LPS, Occludin and ZO-1 levels in serum as well as the number of enterobacter and enterococcus in feces of observation group after treatment were lower than those of control group whereas the number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and clostridium leptum were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.展开更多
This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making process...This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making processes has deepened of age range to which have targeted advertising and expanded for Western world, leading the culture diversity, naturally given, toward only one standardized culture prevailing nowadays. In the 1960s they were the women, then the young people during 1970s, and then children in the 1980s and during the 1990s over early childhood, when we learnt to speak （3 years old）, achieving brand loyalty among very young children and the brands of products for this age group. From this perspective, urban tribes have taken control of the lives of young people, offering a false freedom, at the moment of choosing ＂How to be yourself＂ from options given in the market as a ＂catalogue of predesigned identities＂. A phenomenon is so complex, so it requires a holistic framework able to make explicit its components and relations between them and the relationship with internal and external environment. In particular, the VSM provides a way to analyze communication＇s problems thus clarifying： how, when and where, repair and controlling into the organization, identifying strategies to improve decision-making. Given the recursive nature of the VSM, it is possible to navigate within the phenomenon, through different recursions＇ levels. It will help to define more assertive and effective policies by health authorities, education and government in general, and also help someone among young people to see themselves inside of a dynamic consumption and thus can leave the domain and enter into a recta-domain, with more wisdom and consciousness.展开更多
Objective:To investigate effect of bifidobacterium triple viable powder on inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ulcerative colitis.Method:80 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected and...Objective:To investigate effect of bifidobacterium triple viable powder on inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ulcerative colitis.Method:80 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected and divided into observation group and control group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was given dietary guide, mesalazine, vitamin C and other comprehensive treatment;The observation group was given bifidobacterium triple viable powder adjuvant therapy on the basis of conventional treatment. The level of IL-6, CRP, TNF-α and T lymphocyte subsets in the two groups was compared before treatment (T0), after treatment for 1 month (T1), after treatment for 3 months (T2).Results: (1) The levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α at T1 serum were lower than those in T0 in both groups, the levels of serum IL-6, CRP and TNF-α at T2 were lower than those of T0 and T1, these three levels in different time points were statistical significant difference;The levels of serum IL-6, CRP and TNF-α in observation group at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those in control group, there was significant difference in both groups;(2)The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ at T1 were higher than T0 in two groups, The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ at T2 were superior than at T0 and T1. The level of CD8+ at T1 was below at T0, The level of CD8+ at T2 was inferior than those in T0 and T1, The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ at different time points were significant difference. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group T1 and T2, CD8+ level was significantly lower than that in the control group at T1 and T2, difference between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion:Bifidobacterium triple viable powder adjuvant treatment ulcerative colitis was good for inhibiting body inflammatory response and improve immune function.展开更多
Objectives The long-term benefit of late reperfusion of infarct-related artery （IRA） after acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is controversial, and the benefit mechanisms remain uncertain. Low dose dobutamine stres...Objectives The long-term benefit of late reperfusion of infarct-related artery （IRA） after acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is controversial, and the benefit mechanisms remain uncertain. Low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography （LDSE） can identify viable myocardium and predict improvement of wall motion after revascularization. Methods Sixtynine patients with first AMI who did not received early reperfusion therapy were studied by LDSE at 5 to 10 days after AMI. Wall motion abnormality and left ventricular size were measured at the same time. Successful PCI were done in all patients at 10 to 21 days after AMI onset. Patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of viable myocardium. Echocardiography was repeated six months later. Results There were 157 motion abnormality segments. 89 segments （57%） were viable during LDSE. 26 patients （38%） with viability and 43 （62%） without. In viable group, left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was increased （P 〈 0.05）, and left ventricular end systolic volume index （LVESVI） and wall motion score （WMS） were decreased （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01） significantly at 6 months compared with baseline. But in patients without viability, LVEF was decreased （P 〈 0.01）, and LVESVI and left ventricular end diastolic volume index （LVEDVI） were increased （P 〈 0.05） significantly after 6 months, and the WMS did not changed （P 〉 0.05 ）. LVEF increased （P 〈 0.05 ） and WMS decreased （P 〈 0.05） on LDSE during acute phase in patients with viability, but they were not changed in the nonviable group. Conclusions Late revascularization of IRA in patients with presence of viable myocardium after AMI is associated with long-term preservation left ventricular function and less ventricular remodeling. Improvement of left ventricular systolic function on LDSE indicates late phase recovery of left ventricular function after late revascularization.展开更多
Objective:To study the therapeutic efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets.Methods:49 cases were selected from ulcerative colitis patients who attended the clini...Objective:To study the therapeutic efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets.Methods:49 cases were selected from ulcerative colitis patients who attended the clinic from February 2021 to November 2022,and were randomly grouped into group A for addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets treatment,and group B for conventional medication.The efficacy,inflammatory factors,nutritional indexes,and adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Results:The efficacy of UC patients in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the inflammatory factors in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05);nutritional indicators in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05);and the adverse reactions of medication in UC patients in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of UC patients with the addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets can improve the nutritional status of the organism,inhibit the progression of inflammation,and is safe and efficient in treating ulcerative colitis.展开更多
INTRODUCTION A hydatidiform mole is a disease that occurs due to abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium and placental villous oedema,included in the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases(GTD)....INTRODUCTION A hydatidiform mole is a disease that occurs due to abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium and placental villous oedema,included in the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases(GTD).12 It is usually benign but can become malignant,invasive and metastatic.展开更多
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit significant potential forwater disinfection dueto their generation of large quantities of highly oxidizing free radicals. However, the neglectof viable but nonculturable (VB...Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit significant potential forwater disinfection dueto their generation of large quantities of highly oxidizing free radicals. However, the neglectof viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells obscures their true disinfection efficacy and potentialenvironmental health risks. Therefore, the study evaluated the disinfection effectivenessand mechanisms of typical AOPs, including Fe/H_(2)O_(2), Fe/persulfate (PS), and O_(3), fromthe perspective of the production of VBNC bacteria. The results indicate that Fe/PS exhibitsthe strongest bacterial inactivation rate (99.94%), and the cells lose their ability to reactivate.Fe/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) induce more cells to enter the VBNC state compared to Fe/PS. Moreover,different AOPs result in varying levels of free radical production and utilization efficiency,with SO(4)^(·−) and O_(3) exhibiting greater selectivity in deactivating bacteria comparedto HO^(·). The inhibition of VBNC bacteria production by Fe/PS treatment may be attributed tothe combined action of HO^(·) and SO(4)^(·−) on microorganisms, leading to oxidative stress andmetabolic disruption in bacteria through the inhibition of biofilm formation and aminoacyltRNAbiosynthesis (p < 0.05), thereby causing direct bacterial death rather than entry intothe VBNC state. In contrast, Fe/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) result in the upregulation of the metabolismof alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, as well as styrene degradation capacity by the bacteria,leading to the production of more VBNC bacteria. Overall, the study offers insights intomitigating potential biological risks in water disinfection and developing environmentallyfriendly and efficient disinfection technologies.展开更多
Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synap...Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate targets.Although several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNS injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after injury.Herein,we discuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the design of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS disorders.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Founding of Zhejiang(LZ24C200004)National Natural Science Founding of China(32302233)+4 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02049)Risk Assessment Program of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(20244027)the Walmart Foundation(UA2020-152,UA2021-247)Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Project(2024SNJF044)Key Research and Development Program of Zhuji(2022J10)。
文摘Viable but non-culturable(VBNC)bacteria after chlorination disinfection pose a considerable threat to the public health and environment.The current work aimed to uncover the stress adaptation mechanisms of VBNC Salmonella Enteritidis to sodium hypochlorite.In this study,we investigated the morphology,gene expressions and proteomic profile in VBNC S.Enteritidis.It demonstrated that 10^(9) cells/mL of bacteria could transition into the VBNC state after exposure to 50 mg/L chlorine for 2.5 h.The VBNC state cells exhibited cellular membrane impairment,decreased size,and intracellular ATP depletion compared to the culturable cells.In the VBNC state cells,there was a significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels and NAD^(+)/NADH ratios.This observation suggested an imbalance in the intracellular redox status of the VBNC bacteria.Transcriptome and proteomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of the resistance-nodulation-division(RND)efflux systems(arcA,tolC,ramA),oxidative stress response genes(soxR,trxA,grxB),DNA repair genes(lexA,radA,mutH,mutL),and virulence factor genes(sseA,sseL,eutS,and eutE).Our findings indicated that it is important to formulate disinfection protocols that are specifically designed for food processing plants and healthcare facilities,focusing on implementing a more thorough disinfection method to effectively eradicate VBNC cells.
基金Project Name:Correlation Analysis between Intestinal Flora and Differential Proteins in Intestinal Tissue of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis(Project No.:FYX202336)。
文摘Objective:To analyze the efficacy of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets on neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and its impact on serum factors of the patients.Methods:From January 2021 to May 2025,88 neonates with NEC admitted to our hospital were selected as study subjects.During the study,these 88 patients were evenly divided into two groups,namely the observation group and the control group,with 44 patients in each group based on the random number table method.In terms of treatment,the control group was treated with meropenem,while the observation group received additional treatment with Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria powder based on the treatment plan of the control group.The clinical efficacy and differences in serum inflammatory factor levels between the two groups were compared.Results:The efficacy of the observation group(90.91%)was better than that of the control group(72.73%)(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of C-reactive protein(CRP)and procalcitonin(PCT)in both groups decreased compared to those before treatment,and the values of the above indicators in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Based on conventional treatment for NEC neonates,the use of Bifidobacterium triple viable bacteria tablets has significant efficacy and can effectively reduce serum inflammatory factor levels.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272279)the Key R&D project of Shandong Province(2023CXPT007)the Key R&D project of Qingdao Science and Technology Plan(22-3-3-hygg-29-hy)。
文摘In this study,we utilized gene knockout and overexpression techniques to generate brewer's yeast strains with either a deletion or overexpression of the fatty acyl-CoA oxidase(POX1)gene.The strains studied included the parental strain,the POX1 deletion strain,and the POX1 overexpression strain.These strains were exposed to iso-αacid from hops at a concentration of 300 mg/L,leading to the induction of a viable but nonculturable(VBNC)state.Our results indicated that the silencing of the POX1 gene rendered brewer's yeast cells unable to withstand the high concentration of iso-αacid stress,ultimately leading to cell death.Conversely,the overexpression of POX1 accelerated the transition of yeast cells into the VBNC state compared to the parental strain.Furthermore,we evaluated the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),catalase(CAT)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione reductase(GR)activity,and the m RNA expression of genes that regulate these enzymes(the stress-inducible yeast Mpv17(SYM1)gene,CTA1,SOD1,and glutathione reductase(GLR1)gene)in brewer's yeast cells at three distinct stages:normal,short-term stress,and VBNC states.Based on these findings,it can be inferred that the formation of the VBNC state in brewer's yeast is associated with the response to oxidative stress.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32071899)Walmart Foundation (No. UA2020– 154)。
文摘creening of foodborne pathogens is important to prevent contaminated foods from their supply chains.n this study, a portable detection device was developed for rapid, sensitive and simple detection of viable almonella using a finger-actuated microfluidic chip and an improved recombinase aided amplification (RAA) assay. Improved propidium monoazide(PMAxx) was combined with RAA to enable this device to distinguish viable bacteria from dead ones. The modification of PMAxx into dead bacteria, the magnetic xtraction of nucleic acids from viable bacteria and the RAA detection of extracted nucleic acids were performed using the microfluidic chip on its supporting device by finger press-release operations. The fluorescent signal resulting from RAA amplification of the nucleic acids was collected using a USB camera nd analyzed using a self-developed smartphone App to quantitatively determine the bacterial concenration. This device could detect Salmonella typhimurium in spiked chicken meats from 1.3 × 10^(2) CFU/m L o 1.3 × 10^(7) CFU/m L in 2 h with a lower detection limit of 130 CFU/m L, and has shown its potential for on-site detection of foodborne pathogens.
基金support of"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(Project No.PJ01283407)"Rural Development Administration,Republic of Koreasupported by Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program funded by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea through the Chungbuk National University in 2019。
文摘The objective of this study is to investigate the immune-enhancing ability of viable and heat-killed Weissella cibaria JW15(JW15)isolated from Kimchi in RAW 264.7 macrophages.The immune effects were evaluated by measuring the production of NO,cytokines,inflammatory enzyme,and activation of NF-κB.Viable JW15 executed higher activity on stimulating the release of TNF-αas well as activating NF-κB compared to that of heatkilled JW15.Additionally,viable and heat-killed JW15 significantly increased the production of NO,IL-6 and TNF-αmore than that of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG(LGG).Furthermore,viable JW15 induced higher production of i NOS compared with that of viable LGG.Collectively,our finding indicates that viable JW15 had similar,if not more,immune-enhancing activities as heat-killed JW15.In addition,viable JW15 had higher immune-enhancing activity than commercial strain LGG.Therefore,viable JW15 has the potential to be used as a functional food to improve the host immune response.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Lidan Tuihuang formula combined with Peifeikang and blue light irradiation in the treatment of neonatal jaundice. METHODS: a total of 140 cases of neonatal jaundice were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, with 70 cases in each group. The control group was treated with blue light irradiation and oral Bifid Lriple Viable, on the basis of conventional clinical interventions. The observation group was treated with Lidan Tuihuang formula on the basis of the control group. After 7 days of treatment, the scores of clinical symptom(skin yellowness, reduced milk volume, constipation, abdominal distension) and level of serum bilirubin before and after treatment were compared between the two groups, and the adverse reactions and clinical recurrence of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: After treatment, the effective rate was 94.3% in the observation group which was significantly higher than that in the control group(77.1%)(P < 0.05). The degree of yellowing of the skin, the reduction of the amount of milk, the concentration of constipation and the distension of bloating were all significantly reduced in the 2 groups after treatment(P < 0.05), and the improvement of the above indexes in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The level of serum bilirubin was significantly lower in the 2 groups after treatment and even for 2 weeks after treatment(P < 0.05). The improvement level of serum bilirubin in the observation group after treatment and even for 2 weeks after treatment were significantly better than that in the control group(P < 0.05). The recurrence rate in the observation group was 8.7%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group 22.2 %(P < 0.05); No serious adverse reactions occurred in both groups. CONCLUSION: The combination of Lidan Tuihuang Formular, Bifid Lriple Viable, blue light irradiation for neonatal jaundice can rapidly improve the clinical symptoms of children, reduce the level of serum bilirubin and shorten the treatment time, with no obvious adverse reactions and high clinical safety.
文摘Objective:To observe the mechanism of Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules for neonatal jaundice treatment and offer clinical help to neonatal jaundice treatment. Methods:80 children with neonatal jaundice were selected and randomly divided into groups:the observation group (40 children) and the control group (40 children). The patient in the control group were treated with blue light and the patients in the observation group were treated with Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules. Biochemical parameters [TBA (total bile acid), TSB (serum total bilirubin), DB (Direct bilirubin) and TCB (Percutaneous jaundice index)], nerve factor [NSE (neuronspecific enolase), Aβ(βamyloid protein) and S100B (Astrocyte derived protein)] and myocardial enzyme spectrum [LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), CK (creatine kinase) and CK-MB (isoenzymes of creatine kinase)], liver function [ALT (Alanine aminotransferase) and AST (glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase)] and renal function (BUN and Cr) were detected and analyzed before and after treatment. Results:The comparison of Biochemical parameters, nerve factor and myocardial enzymes, liver function and renal function in the two groups before treatment were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Biochemical parameters (TBA, TSB, TCB and DB), nerve factor (NSE, Aβand S100B) and myocardial enzyme spectrum (LDH, CK and CK-MB), liver function (ALT and AST) and renal function [BUN (urea nitrogen) and Cr (creatinine)] in both groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with that before treatment. The changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Biochemical parameters (TBA, TSB, TCB and DB), nerve factor (NSE, Aβand S100B) and myocardial enzyme spectrum (LDH, CK and CK-MB), liver function (ALT and AST) and renal function (BUN and Cr) in observation group after treatment decreased more significantly compared with that in control group. The difference between two groups was considered to be statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions:Yinzhihuang granules, Blue light irradiation combined with Bifid Triple Viable Capsules could regulate the Biochemical parameters, protect nerve function and cardiac muscle cells and improve liver and kidney function in newborns with jaundice. So it has a very important clinical significance of the treatment to neonatal jaundice.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Foundation of Anhui Science and Technology Bureau(NO: 09080703042)
文摘Objectives To compare the different effects of late successful reperfusion with PCI on left ventricular function and its relationship with viable myocardium after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction in patients with or without diabetes. Methods A total of 125 consecutive subjects with acute anterior wall myocardial infarction were selected, and divided into diabetes mellitus （DM） group （ n = 43） and Non-DM group （ n = 82） according to WHO diabetes diagnosis criteria. All patients received successful PCI at 12 ± 8 days from onset. Ischemic viable myocardium was detected with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography, and left ventricular function and wall motion abnormality were also assessed with echocardiography before PCI. The data of clinical manifestations and angiograms before and after PCI were analyzed. Levels of creatinine kinase-MB （CK-MB）, and troponin T （TnT） before PCI, 6 hours and 24 hours after PCI were assessed. All patients received clinic and echocardiography follow-up for 6 months. Results Higher rate of TIMI 2 flow, and lower rate of TIMI 3 flow in DM group were demonstrated immediately after PCI, and the rate of serum CK-MB and/or TnT levels were higher in DM group, compared with Non-DM group（P 〈 0.05）. 63% of DM patients and 56% of non-DM patients had viable myocardium before PCI（ P 〉 0. 05）. There were no significant differences of left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular end diastolic volume index （LVEDVI）, left ventricular end systolic volume index （LVESVI）, and wall motion score （WMS） between two groups at baseline before PCI（P 〉 0.05）. After six months, WMS was decreased and LVEF was increased in Non-DM group, but the WMS and the LVEF did not changed, and the LVEDVI was increased in DM group compared with baseline; the LVEDVI, LVESVI, LVEF, and WMS were significantly different between two groups （P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusions Compared with non-diabetics, delayed successful revascularization with PCI in diabetics patient with acute myocardial infarction has less benefitial effect on the improvement of late phase left ventricular function, and it may be because the insufficient reperfusion or reperfusion injury to myocardium but not the viable myocardium contributing to the poor result. （S Chin J Cardiol 2009; 10（4） ： 196 -203）
文摘We examine the impact of electromagnetic field on the stability of compact stars corresponding to embedded class one metric using the concept of cracking. For this purpose, we develop the generalized hydrostatic equi- librium equation for charged perfect fluid distribution of compact stars and perturb it by means of local density perturbation scheme to check the stability of inner matter configuration. We investigate the cracking of Her X-I, PSR 1937＋21, PSR J 1614-2230, PSR J 0348＋0432 and B.X J 1856-37. We conclude that PSR J 0348＋0432 and RX J 1856-37 exhibit cracking when charge is introduced on these astrophysical objects.
文摘When the loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)assay is used for detecting target genes,DNA extraction is unnecessary in many cases.Simple pretreatment(e.g.heating)is enough to obtain rather sensitive responses.Even test samples without any pretreatment can be used as template.This feature suggests that LAMP is superior to PCR in developing point-of-care test strategies.In this study,using Stx1 gene from E.coli as model,we verified that viable cells,dead cells and extracellular DNA could function as template in the LAMP assay.In the incubation at 63℃,viable bacteria in the LAMP reaction mixture lysed completely within 2 min,providing DNA template for nucleic acid amplification.The Stx1 gene in diluted culture medium,spiked tap water,spiked seawater and real seawater all could be detected,with or without the step of DNA extraction.We found that the complex substances in real sample(e.g.natural seawater)exhibited considerable inhibitory effect on the sensitivity of the LAMP assay.These outcomes are meaningful for building a point-of-care strategy by employing the LAMP assay for environmental monitoring,bio-resource surveys,food safety,etc.in particular those based on environmental DNA.
文摘Objective: To study the effect of triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy on the inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Methods: Patients with cirrhosis combined with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis who were treated in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Shehong County between March 2015 and October 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group who accepted triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy and the control group who accepted conventional symptomatic treatment. The levels of inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal barrier markers in serum as well as the number of intestinal flora in feces were detected before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment. Results: Compared with those of same group before treatment, PCT, CRP, sTREM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, DAO, D-lactic acid, LPS, Occludin and ZO-1 levels in serum as well as the number of enterobacter and enterococcus in feces of both groups of patients were lower whereas the number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and clostridium leptum were higher after treatment, and PCT, CRP, sTREM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, DAO, D-lactic acid, LPS, Occludin and ZO-1 levels in serum as well as the number of enterobacter and enterococcus in feces of observation group after treatment were lower than those of control group whereas the number of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and clostridium leptum were higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Triple viable capsule combined with antibiotic therapy can inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and improve the intestinal mucosal barrier function in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
文摘This paper discusses the relations between mass media and urban tribes, by Stafford Beer＇s viable system model （VSM）. During 1950-2010, the influence of media and advertising over individual decision-making processes has deepened of age range to which have targeted advertising and expanded for Western world, leading the culture diversity, naturally given, toward only one standardized culture prevailing nowadays. In the 1960s they were the women, then the young people during 1970s, and then children in the 1980s and during the 1990s over early childhood, when we learnt to speak （3 years old）, achieving brand loyalty among very young children and the brands of products for this age group. From this perspective, urban tribes have taken control of the lives of young people, offering a false freedom, at the moment of choosing ＂How to be yourself＂ from options given in the market as a ＂catalogue of predesigned identities＂. A phenomenon is so complex, so it requires a holistic framework able to make explicit its components and relations between them and the relationship with internal and external environment. In particular, the VSM provides a way to analyze communication＇s problems thus clarifying： how, when and where, repair and controlling into the organization, identifying strategies to improve decision-making. Given the recursive nature of the VSM, it is possible to navigate within the phenomenon, through different recursions＇ levels. It will help to define more assertive and effective policies by health authorities, education and government in general, and also help someone among young people to see themselves inside of a dynamic consumption and thus can leave the domain and enter into a recta-domain, with more wisdom and consciousness.
文摘Objective:To investigate effect of bifidobacterium triple viable powder on inflammatory factors and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with ulcerative colitis.Method:80 patients with ulcerative colitis were selected and divided into observation group and control group, 40 cases in each group. The control group was given dietary guide, mesalazine, vitamin C and other comprehensive treatment;The observation group was given bifidobacterium triple viable powder adjuvant therapy on the basis of conventional treatment. The level of IL-6, CRP, TNF-α and T lymphocyte subsets in the two groups was compared before treatment (T0), after treatment for 1 month (T1), after treatment for 3 months (T2).Results: (1) The levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α at T1 serum were lower than those in T0 in both groups, the levels of serum IL-6, CRP and TNF-α at T2 were lower than those of T0 and T1, these three levels in different time points were statistical significant difference;The levels of serum IL-6, CRP and TNF-α in observation group at T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those in control group, there was significant difference in both groups;(2)The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ at T1 were higher than T0 in two groups, The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ at T2 were superior than at T0 and T1. The level of CD8+ at T1 was below at T0, The level of CD8+ at T2 was inferior than those in T0 and T1, The levels of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ at different time points were significant difference. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ /CD8+ in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group T1 and T2, CD8+ level was significantly lower than that in the control group at T1 and T2, difference between the two groups was statistically significant.Conclusion:Bifidobacterium triple viable powder adjuvant treatment ulcerative colitis was good for inhibiting body inflammatory response and improve immune function.
文摘Objectives The long-term benefit of late reperfusion of infarct-related artery （IRA） after acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is controversial, and the benefit mechanisms remain uncertain. Low dose dobutamine stress echocardiography （LDSE） can identify viable myocardium and predict improvement of wall motion after revascularization. Methods Sixtynine patients with first AMI who did not received early reperfusion therapy were studied by LDSE at 5 to 10 days after AMI. Wall motion abnormality and left ventricular size were measured at the same time. Successful PCI were done in all patients at 10 to 21 days after AMI onset. Patients were divided in two groups based on the presence or absence of viable myocardium. Echocardiography was repeated six months later. Results There were 157 motion abnormality segments. 89 segments （57%） were viable during LDSE. 26 patients （38%） with viability and 43 （62%） without. In viable group, left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） was increased （P 〈 0.05）, and left ventricular end systolic volume index （LVESVI） and wall motion score （WMS） were decreased （P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01） significantly at 6 months compared with baseline. But in patients without viability, LVEF was decreased （P 〈 0.01）, and LVESVI and left ventricular end diastolic volume index （LVEDVI） were increased （P 〈 0.05） significantly after 6 months, and the WMS did not changed （P 〉 0.05 ）. LVEF increased （P 〈 0.05 ） and WMS decreased （P 〈 0.05） on LDSE during acute phase in patients with viability, but they were not changed in the nonviable group. Conclusions Late revascularization of IRA in patients with presence of viable myocardium after AMI is associated with long-term preservation left ventricular function and less ventricular remodeling. Improvement of left ventricular systolic function on LDSE indicates late phase recovery of left ventricular function after late revascularization.
文摘Objective:To study the therapeutic efficacy of patients with ulcerative colitis receiving Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets.Methods:49 cases were selected from ulcerative colitis patients who attended the clinic from February 2021 to November 2022,and were randomly grouped into group A for addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets treatment,and group B for conventional medication.The efficacy,inflammatory factors,nutritional indexes,and adverse reactions were compared between the groups.Results:The efficacy of UC patients in group A was higher than that in group B(P<0.05);the inflammatory factors in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05);nutritional indicators in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05);and the adverse reactions of medication in UC patients in group A were lower than that in group B(P<0.05).Conclusion:The treatment of UC patients with the addition of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable tablets can improve the nutritional status of the organism,inhibit the progression of inflammation,and is safe and efficient in treating ulcerative colitis.
文摘INTRODUCTION A hydatidiform mole is a disease that occurs due to abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium and placental villous oedema,included in the spectrum of gestational trophoblastic diseases(GTD).12 It is usually benign but can become malignant,invasive and metastatic.
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2020ZD34 and ZR2023YQ031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077391 and 42377428)the Instrument Improvement Funds of ShandongUniversity Public Technology Platform(No.ts20230108).
文摘Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) exhibit significant potential forwater disinfection dueto their generation of large quantities of highly oxidizing free radicals. However, the neglectof viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells obscures their true disinfection efficacy and potentialenvironmental health risks. Therefore, the study evaluated the disinfection effectivenessand mechanisms of typical AOPs, including Fe/H_(2)O_(2), Fe/persulfate (PS), and O_(3), fromthe perspective of the production of VBNC bacteria. The results indicate that Fe/PS exhibitsthe strongest bacterial inactivation rate (99.94%), and the cells lose their ability to reactivate.Fe/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) induce more cells to enter the VBNC state compared to Fe/PS. Moreover,different AOPs result in varying levels of free radical production and utilization efficiency,with SO(4)^(·−) and O_(3) exhibiting greater selectivity in deactivating bacteria comparedto HO^(·). The inhibition of VBNC bacteria production by Fe/PS treatment may be attributed tothe combined action of HO^(·) and SO(4)^(·−) on microorganisms, leading to oxidative stress andmetabolic disruption in bacteria through the inhibition of biofilm formation and aminoacyltRNAbiosynthesis (p < 0.05), thereby causing direct bacterial death rather than entry intothe VBNC state. In contrast, Fe/H_(2)O_(2) and O_(3) result in the upregulation of the metabolismof alanine, aspartate, and glutamate, as well as styrene degradation capacity by the bacteria,leading to the production of more VBNC bacteria. Overall, the study offers insights intomitigating potential biological risks in water disinfection and developing environmentallyfriendly and efficient disinfection technologies.
基金supported by“la Caixa”Foundation(ID 100010434)FCT-Fundacao para a Ciência e a Tecnologia,I.P.under the agreement LCF/PR/HP20/52300001 and by FCT,I.P.,under projects PTDC/NAN-OPT/7989/2020,UIDB/04501/2020,UIDP/04501/2020,UIDB/04539/2020,UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020 and through the individual grant SFRH/BD/139368/2018(DT)。
文摘Functional recovery from central nervous system(CNS)trauma depends not only on axon regeneration or compensatory sprouting of uninjured fibers but also on the ability of newly grown axons to establish functional synapses with appropriate targets.Although several studies have successfully promoted long-distance axonal regeneration in distinct CNS injury models,none of them have resulted in a viable therapeutic approach for patient recovery.A possible reason may be the lack of new synaptogenesis for reestablishing the circuitry lost after injury.Herein,we discuss how our understanding of the mechanisms that instruct synapse formation in the injured nervous system may contribute to the design of new strategies to promote functional restoration in traumatic CNS disorders.
