Young＇s equation is a fundamental equation in capillarity and wetting, which reflects the balance of the horizontal components of the three interracial tensions with the contact angle （CA）. However, it does not con...Young＇s equation is a fundamental equation in capillarity and wetting, which reflects the balance of the horizontal components of the three interracial tensions with the contact angle （CA）. However, it does not consider the vertical component of the liquid-vapor interracial tension （VCLVIT）. It is now well understood that the VCLVIT causes the elastic deformation of the solid substrate, which plays a significant role in the fabrication of the microfluidic devices because of the wide use of the soft materials. In this paper, the theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects of the problem are reviewed. The effects of the VCLVIT-induced surface deformation on the wetting and spreading, the deflection of the microcantilever, and the elasto.capillarity and electro- elasto.capillarity are discussed. Besides a brief review on the historical development and the recent advances, some suggestions on the future research are also provided. Key words展开更多
The ＂double low-points＂ anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component was observed on May 9, 2008 at 13 geomagnetic observatories belonging to the geomagnetic observatory network center of China Earth...The ＂double low-points＂ anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component was observed on May 9, 2008 at 13 geomagnetic observatories belonging to the geomagnetic observatory network center of China Earthquake Administration. These observatories distribute roughly on three belts with the intersection in western Sichuan. On May 12, three days after the anomaly appearance, the great Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The ＂double low-points＂ anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component is an anomalous phenomenon of regional geomagnetism, which does exist objectively. The possible cause is the change of extrinsic eddy current system resulting in geomagnetic daily quiet variation （Sq）, or the delay of several hours between the intrinsic and the extrinsic eddy current systems. The relationship between the ＂double low-points＂ anomaly of daily geomagnetic variation and the earthquake reveals that the former possibly reflects the accelerative alteration of earthquake gestation in the deep Earth.展开更多
Starting from nonhydrostatic anelastic equations a comparative investigation is performed of inertial-gravitational wave hundreds, tens and a few of kilometers in horizontal wavelength, which are ex amined on vertical...Starting from nonhydrostatic anelastic equations a comparative investigation is performed of inertial-gravitational wave hundreds, tens and a few of kilometers in horizontal wavelength, which are ex amined on vertical grids available at present from the perspectives of frequency, vertical component of group velocity and the inappropriate range for a positive vertical component emerging, with the findings compared to analytical solutions. Evidence suggests that grids C’P and LZ are suitable for the study of the wave at the mentioned horizontal scales and the counterparts L and LY (LTS and CPTS) are applicable on ly to the horizontal scales of more (less) than lens of kilometers.展开更多
Reliable thickness of sedimentary layers is essential for seismic hazard assessment in active fault zones, especially in regions prone to strong earthquakes. This study analyzed the seismic ambient noise data recorded...Reliable thickness of sedimentary layers is essential for seismic hazard assessment in active fault zones, especially in regions prone to strong earthquakes. This study analyzed the seismic ambient noise data recorded by 60 short-period seismic stations deployed at the Jishishan earthquake source and adjacent areas. The base-order resonance frequencies of sedimentary layers beneath the stations were determined using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method on ambient noise with diff erent frequencies. Then, a resonance-thickness formula was applied to estimate the sedimentary layer thickness at each station. Finally, the entire regional sediment thickness was obtained via interpolation. The thickness of the sedimentary layer beneath each station was estimated using the equation of the relationship between resonance frequency and sedimentary layer thickness, and fi nally, the distribution of sedimentary layer thickness in the whole region was obtained by interpolation. Results reveal notable spatial variations in sediment thickness in the source and adjacent areas. The shallow sedimentary layer in the source area is relatively thick at approximately 100 m, whereas that in Liugou Village, which is the most severely damaged area, is approximately 150-180 m. In the western region, specifically along the western edge of the Jishishan Mountain rupture and the Pourouliuhe-Cheunhua Nanshan rupture zone, the shallow sedimentary layer is approximately 30-60 m. A comparison between the distribution of seismic secondary hazards and sedimentary layer thickness highlights a strong correlation between these hazards and the amplifi cation eff ects of seismic waves. In regions with thicker sedimentary layers, ground shaking is signifi cantly amplifi ed, resulting in more serious seismic secondary hazards. In addition, the study confi rmed that secondary hazards, such as landslides and liquefaction, were more prevalent in regions with thicker sedimentary layers. These fi ndings provide an important reference for post-earthquake reconstruction, seismic risk assessment, and the development of regional disaster prevention and mitigation strategies..展开更多
In order to study the differences in vertical component between onshore and offshore motions,the vertical-to-horizontal peak ground acceleration ratio(V/H PGA ratio) and vertical-to-horizontal response spectral ratio(...In order to study the differences in vertical component between onshore and offshore motions,the vertical-to-horizontal peak ground acceleration ratio(V/H PGA ratio) and vertical-to-horizontal response spectral ratio(V/H) were investigated using the ground motion recordings from the K-NET network and the seafloor earthquake measuring system(SEMS).The results indicate that the vertical component of offshore motions is lower than that of onshore motions.The V/H PGA ratio of acceleration time histories at offshore stations is about 50%of the ratio at onshore stations.The V/H for offshore ground motions is lower than that for onshore motions,especially for periods less than 0.8 s.Furthermore,based on the results in statistical analysis for offshore recordings in the K-NET,the simplified V/H design equations for offshore motions in minor and moderate earthquakes are proposed for seismic analysis of offshore structures.展开更多
As an innovative software application mode,Software as a service(SaaS) shows many attractive advantages.Migrating legacy system to SaaS can make outdated systems revived.In the process of migration,the existing valuab...As an innovative software application mode,Software as a service(SaaS) shows many attractive advantages.Migrating legacy system to SaaS can make outdated systems revived.In the process of migration,the existing valuable components need to be discovered and reused in order that the target system could be developed/integrated more efficiently.An innovative approach is proposed in this paper to extract the reusable components from legacy systems.Firstly,implementation models of legacy system are recovered through reverse engineering.Secondly,function models are derived by vertical clustering,and then logical components are discovered by horizontal clustering based on the function models.Finally,the reusable components with specific feature descriptions are extracted.Through experimental verification,the approach is considered to be efficient in reusable component discovery and to be helpful to migrating legacy system to SaaS.展开更多
This paper attempts to explore potential benefits of form in a deck-type reinforced concrete（RC） arch bridge in connection with its overall seismic behavior and performance. Through a detailed three-dimensional fini...This paper attempts to explore potential benefits of form in a deck-type reinforced concrete（RC） arch bridge in connection with its overall seismic behavior and performance. Through a detailed three-dimensional finite element modeling and analysis of an actual existing deck-type RC arch bridge, some useful quantitative information have been derived that may serve for a better understanding of the seismic behavior of such arch bridges. A series of the nonlinear dynamic analyses has been carried out under the action of seven different time histories of ground motion scaled to the AASHTO 2012 response spectrum. The concept of demand to capacity ratios has been employed to provide an initial estimation of the seismic performance of the bridge members. As a consequence of the structural form, a particular type of irregularity is introduced due to variable heights of columns transferring the deck loads to the main arch. Hence, a particular attention has been paid to the internal force/moment distributions within the short, medium, and long columns as well as along the main arch. A study of the effects of the vertical component of ground motion has demonstrated the need for the inclusion of these effects in the analysis of such bridges.展开更多
The authors analyzed the relationship between variations of the Earth＇s rotation rate and the geodynamic processes within the Earth＇s body, including seismic activity, The rotation rate of a planet determines its un...The authors analyzed the relationship between variations of the Earth＇s rotation rate and the geodynamic processes within the Earth＇s body, including seismic activity, The rotation rate of a planet determines its uniaxial compression along the axis of rotation and the areas of various surface elements of the body. The Earth＇s ellipticity variations, caused naturally by the rotation rate variations, are manifested in vertical components of precise GPS measurements. Comparative analysis of these variations is considered in view of modern theoretical ideas concerning the Earth＇s figure. The results justify further research that is of interest for improvement of space svstems and technologiesi.展开更多
This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of geomagnetic low-value displacement in Gansu and its adjacent areas from 1995 to 2003 on the basis of the data of the daily amplitude minimum value time of the ge...This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of geomagnetic low-value displacement in Gansu and its adjacent areas from 1995 to 2003 on the basis of the data of the daily amplitude minimum value time of the geomagnetic vertical component. It is shown that in addition to the changing rules of geomagnetic low-value displacement itself, there is a better correlation between geomagnetic low-value displacement and the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes. There appeared to be geomagnetic low-value displacement before the moderately strong earthquakes in Gansu in the 9 years from 1995 to 2003. This result indicates that geomagnetic low-value displacement is of instructive significance for earthquake prediction to some extents.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11002051)
文摘Young＇s equation is a fundamental equation in capillarity and wetting, which reflects the balance of the horizontal components of the three interracial tensions with the contact angle （CA）. However, it does not consider the vertical component of the liquid-vapor interracial tension （VCLVIT）. It is now well understood that the VCLVIT causes the elastic deformation of the solid substrate, which plays a significant role in the fabrication of the microfluidic devices because of the wide use of the soft materials. In this paper, the theoretical, experimental, and numerical aspects of the problem are reviewed. The effects of the VCLVIT-induced surface deformation on the wetting and spreading, the deflection of the microcantilever, and the elasto.capillarity and electro- elasto.capillarity are discussed. Besides a brief review on the historical development and the recent advances, some suggestions on the future research are also provided. Key words
文摘The ＂double low-points＂ anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component was observed on May 9, 2008 at 13 geomagnetic observatories belonging to the geomagnetic observatory network center of China Earthquake Administration. These observatories distribute roughly on three belts with the intersection in western Sichuan. On May 12, three days after the anomaly appearance, the great Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred. The ＂double low-points＂ anomaly in daily variation of vertical geomagnetic component is an anomalous phenomenon of regional geomagnetism, which does exist objectively. The possible cause is the change of extrinsic eddy current system resulting in geomagnetic daily quiet variation （Sq）, or the delay of several hours between the intrinsic and the extrinsic eddy current systems. The relationship between the ＂double low-points＂ anomaly of daily geomagnetic variation and the earthquake reveals that the former possibly reflects the accelerative alteration of earthquake gestation in the deep Earth.
基金This work is jointly sponsored by the State-Level Key Basic Research Program of China(G1999032801),Na-tional Pioneering Young Scientists Funds of China(49825109)and the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina under Grant No.49975020.
文摘Starting from nonhydrostatic anelastic equations a comparative investigation is performed of inertial-gravitational wave hundreds, tens and a few of kilometers in horizontal wavelength, which are ex amined on vertical grids available at present from the perspectives of frequency, vertical component of group velocity and the inappropriate range for a positive vertical component emerging, with the findings compared to analytical solutions. Evidence suggests that grids C’P and LZ are suitable for the study of the wave at the mentioned horizontal scales and the counterparts L and LY (LTS and CPTS) are applicable on ly to the horizontal scales of more (less) than lens of kilometers.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42204061)Special Fund for Basic Research Operations of the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration (0419501)+1 种基金the Gansu Jishishan6.2 magnitude earthquake scientific investigation (DQJB23Y45) programthe Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2023NSFSC0768,2023NSFSC0770)。
文摘Reliable thickness of sedimentary layers is essential for seismic hazard assessment in active fault zones, especially in regions prone to strong earthquakes. This study analyzed the seismic ambient noise data recorded by 60 short-period seismic stations deployed at the Jishishan earthquake source and adjacent areas. The base-order resonance frequencies of sedimentary layers beneath the stations were determined using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method on ambient noise with diff erent frequencies. Then, a resonance-thickness formula was applied to estimate the sedimentary layer thickness at each station. Finally, the entire regional sediment thickness was obtained via interpolation. The thickness of the sedimentary layer beneath each station was estimated using the equation of the relationship between resonance frequency and sedimentary layer thickness, and fi nally, the distribution of sedimentary layer thickness in the whole region was obtained by interpolation. Results reveal notable spatial variations in sediment thickness in the source and adjacent areas. The shallow sedimentary layer in the source area is relatively thick at approximately 100 m, whereas that in Liugou Village, which is the most severely damaged area, is approximately 150-180 m. In the western region, specifically along the western edge of the Jishishan Mountain rupture and the Pourouliuhe-Cheunhua Nanshan rupture zone, the shallow sedimentary layer is approximately 30-60 m. A comparison between the distribution of seismic secondary hazards and sedimentary layer thickness highlights a strong correlation between these hazards and the amplifi cation eff ects of seismic waves. In regions with thicker sedimentary layers, ground shaking is signifi cantly amplifi ed, resulting in more serious seismic secondary hazards. In addition, the study confi rmed that secondary hazards, such as landslides and liquefaction, were more prevalent in regions with thicker sedimentary layers. These fi ndings provide an important reference for post-earthquake reconstruction, seismic risk assessment, and the development of regional disaster prevention and mitigation strategies..
基金Project(2011CB013605)supported by the National Basic Research Development Program of China(973 Program)Projects(51178071,51008041)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-12-0751)supported by the New Century Excellent Talents Program in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘In order to study the differences in vertical component between onshore and offshore motions,the vertical-to-horizontal peak ground acceleration ratio(V/H PGA ratio) and vertical-to-horizontal response spectral ratio(V/H) were investigated using the ground motion recordings from the K-NET network and the seafloor earthquake measuring system(SEMS).The results indicate that the vertical component of offshore motions is lower than that of onshore motions.The V/H PGA ratio of acceleration time histories at offshore stations is about 50%of the ratio at onshore stations.The V/H for offshore ground motions is lower than that for onshore motions,especially for periods less than 0.8 s.Furthermore,based on the results in statistical analysis for offshore recordings in the K-NET,the simplified V/H design equations for offshore motions in minor and moderate earthquakes are proposed for seismic analysis of offshore structures.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61262082,No.61462066)Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.212025)+1 种基金Inner Mongolia Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.2012JQ03)Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(No.2012MS0922)
文摘As an innovative software application mode,Software as a service(SaaS) shows many attractive advantages.Migrating legacy system to SaaS can make outdated systems revived.In the process of migration,the existing valuable components need to be discovered and reused in order that the target system could be developed/integrated more efficiently.An innovative approach is proposed in this paper to extract the reusable components from legacy systems.Firstly,implementation models of legacy system are recovered through reverse engineering.Secondly,function models are derived by vertical clustering,and then logical components are discovered by horizontal clustering based on the function models.Finally,the reusable components with specific feature descriptions are extracted.Through experimental verification,the approach is considered to be efficient in reusable component discovery and to be helpful to migrating legacy system to SaaS.
文摘This paper attempts to explore potential benefits of form in a deck-type reinforced concrete（RC） arch bridge in connection with its overall seismic behavior and performance. Through a detailed three-dimensional finite element modeling and analysis of an actual existing deck-type RC arch bridge, some useful quantitative information have been derived that may serve for a better understanding of the seismic behavior of such arch bridges. A series of the nonlinear dynamic analyses has been carried out under the action of seven different time histories of ground motion scaled to the AASHTO 2012 response spectrum. The concept of demand to capacity ratios has been employed to provide an initial estimation of the seismic performance of the bridge members. As a consequence of the structural form, a particular type of irregularity is introduced due to variable heights of columns transferring the deck loads to the main arch. Hence, a particular attention has been paid to the internal force/moment distributions within the short, medium, and long columns as well as along the main arch. A study of the effects of the vertical component of ground motion has demonstrated the need for the inclusion of these effects in the analysis of such bridges.
基金supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research(RFBR),grant 15-05-00089
文摘The authors analyzed the relationship between variations of the Earth＇s rotation rate and the geodynamic processes within the Earth＇s body, including seismic activity, The rotation rate of a planet determines its uniaxial compression along the axis of rotation and the areas of various surface elements of the body. The Earth＇s ellipticity variations, caused naturally by the rotation rate variations, are manifested in vertical components of precise GPS measurements. Comparative analysis of these variations is considered in view of modern theoretical ideas concerning the Earth＇s figure. The results justify further research that is of interest for improvement of space svstems and technologiesi.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (3ZS061-A25-008),China
文摘This paper analyzes the distribution characteristics of geomagnetic low-value displacement in Gansu and its adjacent areas from 1995 to 2003 on the basis of the data of the daily amplitude minimum value time of the geomagnetic vertical component. It is shown that in addition to the changing rules of geomagnetic low-value displacement itself, there is a better correlation between geomagnetic low-value displacement and the occurrence of moderately strong earthquakes. There appeared to be geomagnetic low-value displacement before the moderately strong earthquakes in Gansu in the 9 years from 1995 to 2003. This result indicates that geomagnetic low-value displacement is of instructive significance for earthquake prediction to some extents.
