Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.vir...Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.viridulum base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of L.brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that the climatic conditions in Longhui were generally suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.The southern hilly area was the most suitable climate area,the northern mountainous area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountainous area was the more suitable climate area.It can provide favorable meteorological protection for farmers,reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production by making full use of Longhui climatic conditions and doing a good job in the meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum.展开更多
Objectives:Among cutaneous malignancies,melanoma stands out for its particularly aggressive nature,with therapeutic interventions becoming notably limited once the disease progresses.In this research,we investigate th...Objectives:Among cutaneous malignancies,melanoma stands out for its particularly aggressive nature,with therapeutic interventions becoming notably limited once the disease progresses.In this research,we investigate the tumor-suppressing capabilities of water-extracted Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var.coloratum)and its purified lectin component(V.album var.coloratum agglutinin,VCA)using two distinct mouse melanoma models:B16BL6 and B16F10 cell lines.Methods:The impact of water extract and VCA treatments on melanoma cells was assessed through multiple experimental approaches,examining cellular survival rates,programmed cell death pathways,multicaspase activity,and cell cycle distribution patterns.To elucidate the interconnections among various cellular responses,we employed a suite of statistical techniques encompassing correlation studies,principal component analysis(PCA)-based dimensionality reduction,and dendrogram-based clusteringmethodologies.Results:Thewater extract exhibited dosedependent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 372.3±8.7μg/mL and 202.5±8.4μg/mL for B16BL6 and B16F10 cells,respectively.VCA showed more significant effects,with IC50 values of 0.1992±0.0041 and 0.1981±0.0098μg/mL for B16BL6 and B16F10 cells,respectively.Both agents induced substantial apoptosis with a significant progression from early to late apoptotic stages,reaching up to 59.4%total apoptotic cells for VCA treatment.This was confirmed by strong multicaspase activation,particularly in VCA-treated cells(up to 88.4%caspase-positive cells).The water extract showed modest effects on cell cycle distribution,with increases in G0/G1 phase(74.6%)in B16BL6 cells and S phase(19.2%)in B16F10 cells,while VCA treatment resulted in G2/M phase reduction(10.0%)in B16F10 cells.Correlation analysis revealed strong negative associations between cell viability and caspase activity(r=−0.843 to−0.878),while hierarchical clustering demonstrated distinct response patterns between low and high concentrations of both agents.Effect size analysis confirmed strong treatment impacts on cell viability(d=−5.89 to−6.12)and caspase activation(d=3.45 to 5.23).Conclusion:These findings suggest that Korean mistletoe water extract and its isolated lectin may affect both primary and metastatic melanoma cells through distinct mechanisms,demonstrating particular potency in caspase-dependent apoptosis induction.Our findings establish a robust foundation for developing novel therapeutic interventions derived from natural compounds to combat malignant melanoma with high metastatic potential.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pe...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.展开更多
FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex...FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex determination and gonadal development in Cyprinus carpio var.koi were explored using a non-invasive RNA interference(RNAi)method,histopathological observation and qPCR.Results demonstrate that foxl 2 exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression pattern in gonads,with a notable expression in ovaries;cyp 19 b was expressed in all peripheral tissues,with a particularly prominent expression in brain and gonads.The knockdown of foxl 2 by RNAi resulted in delay in the development of the female gonads.Conversely,no notable alterations were discerned in the gonads of C.carpio var.koi following the knockdown of cyp 19 b.The upregulation of sox 9 a,amh,and cyp 19 b following foxl 2 knockdown indicates that foxl 2 may play a pivotal role in gonadal development.Nevertheless,further investigation is required to ascertain the potential role of cyp 19 b.This study elucidated the role of foxl 2 and enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal development in C.carpio var.koi.展开更多
A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the leaves and twigs of Physalis angulata.var.villosa resulted in the isolation of 23 withanolide derivatives,including one novel 13,20-γ-lactone withanolide derivative(...A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the leaves and twigs of Physalis angulata.var.villosa resulted in the isolation of 23 withanolide derivatives,including one novel 13,20-γ-lactone withanolide derivative(1)and three new withanolide derivatives(2-4).Architecturally,physalinin A(1)represents the first identified type B withanolide featuring a 13,20-γ-lactone moiety.The molecular structures of all isolates were elucidated using an integrated approach combining nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,mass spectrometry(MS),infrared(IR)spectroscopy,and quantum chemical calculations to confirm structural assignments.The antiproliferative activities of all isolated withanolides were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines(HEL,HCT-116,Colo320DM,and MDA-MB-231).Among them,eight derivatives(2,5–8,14,15,and 23)exhibited significant inhibitory effects,with half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of 0.18±0.03 to 17.02±0.21μmol·L-1.Structureactivity relationship(SAR)analysis suggested that the presence of an epoxide ring enhances anticancer activity,potentially through increased reactivity or specific interactions with molecular targets involved in cancer progression.These findings underscore the pharmacological potential of withanolides as promising lead compounds for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the m...The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.展开更多
Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/br...Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.展开更多
Six novel compounds,comprising three quinolones(1a,1b,and 2)and three flavanones(3-5),along with seven known analogs(6-13),were isolated from the 95%EtOH extract of the stems and leaves of Glycosmis craibii var.glabra...Six novel compounds,comprising three quinolones(1a,1b,and 2)and three flavanones(3-5),along with seven known analogs(6-13),were isolated from the 95%EtOH extract of the stems and leaves of Glycosmis craibii var.glabra.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS,UV,and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)data analysis.The ab-solute configurations were determined through Mosher ester and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectral analysis.Compounds 2,6,9,and 10 demonstrated inhibition of nitric oxide(NO)production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 microglial cells,with IC50 values ranging from 13.5 to 20.1 μmol·L^(-1),comparable to the positive control,dexamethasone.展开更多
Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum var.conoides)is a significant vegetable that is widely cultivated around the world.Currently,global climate change has caused frequent severe weather events,and waterlogging stress harms the...Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum var.conoides)is a significant vegetable that is widely cultivated around the world.Currently,global climate change has caused frequent severe weather events,and waterlogging stress harms the pepper industry by affecting the planting period,growth conditions,and disease susceptibility.The gene CaABI3/VP1-1 could improve pepper waterlogging tolerance.In order to explore the upstream regulatory mechanism of CaABI3/VP1-1,a high-quality standardized yeast hybrid library was successfully constructed for yeast one-,two-,and threehybrid screening using pepper‘ZHC2’as the experimental material,with a library recombinant efficiency of up to 100%.The length of inserted fragments varied from 650 to 5000 bp,the library titer was 5.18×10^(6)colony-forming units(CFU)·mL-1,and the library capacity was 1.04×10^(7)CFU of cDNA inserts.The recombinant bait plasmid was used to successfully identify 78 different proteins through the yeast one-hybrid system,including one transcription factor within the ethylene-responsive factor family and the other within the growth-regulating factor family.The interaction happened between LOC124895848 and CaABI3/VP1-1 promoter by point-to-point yeast one-hybrid experiment.The expression level of the 12 selected protein-coding genes was then evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results indicated the protein coding genes showed different responses to waterlogging stress and that the activity of the CaABI3/VP1-1 promoter could be inhibited or activated by up-regulating or down-regulating gene expression,respectively.The identification of these proteins interacting with the promoter provides a new perspective for understanding the gene regulatory network of hot pepper operating under waterlogging stress and provides theoretical support for further analysis of the complex regulatory relationship between transcription factors and promoters.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and investigate their effects on the embryo development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds. [Method] The endophyti...[Objective] This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and investigate their effects on the embryo development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds. [Method] The endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla were isolated and identified morphologically, and their effects on the embryo development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds were studied by using paraffin sectioning and microphotography. [Result] Nine endophytic fungi, i.e. P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis endophytic fungi PPYEF-1, PPYEF-2, PPYEF-3, PPYEF-4, PPYEF-5, PPYEF-6, PPYEF-7, PPYEF-8 and PPYEF-9 belonging to seven genera in five families, three orders were isolated from the rhizomes. Except PPYEF-4 (Cladosporium sp.), other fungi could promote the embryo development of the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds, mostly reaching the extremely significant or significant level. PPYEF-9 (Trichoderma sp.) resulted in the highest embryo length and embryo-emerging ratio. [Conclusion] This paper could provide a reference for the application of the endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in the dormancy-breaking of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds.展开更多
野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力...野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力。为了研究水淹是否会影响野古草的通气组织发生以及野古草通气组织发生对水淹的反应,考察了不同水淹深度、不同水淹时间和不同水淹方式处理时野古草茎中通气组织的发生情况。实验中共设置3个水淹深度:不进行水淹(对照)、植株地下部分淹没、植株完全淹没于水下2m深处;5个淹没时间:植株被淹没的时间长度分别为5、10、20、30d和60d;2种水淹方式:连续水淹和间歇水淹。实验结果表明:(1)在无水淹情况下野古草茎中可以产生通气组织,通气组织产生随植株的生长而增强;水淹加快了野古草通气组织发生的进程,促进了野古草通气组织的提前发生。(2)野古草茎中通气组织并不会因为水淹的时间越长而产生越多,植株通气组织的大小达到一定程度后不再因水淹时间的增长而继续增大。(3)淹没深度对通气组织发生有一定影响,总的看来,地下部分淹没野古草植株的通气组织发生要强于完全淹没植株。(4)不同水淹方式对野古草通气组织发生的影响因水淹深度不同而有差异。在完全淹没情况下,连续水淹植株的通气组织比间歇水淹植株的通气组织发达;在地下部分淹没情况下,除水淹初期外,随水淹时间的延长,连续水淹植株通气组织发生与间歇水淹植株没有差异。展开更多
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of Chi...Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas.展开更多
Determination of nucleosides and nucleobases is important for the quality control of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia var. wabuensis （FUW） due to their physiological and pharmacological actions. In the pr...Determination of nucleosides and nucleobases is important for the quality control of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia var. wabuensis （FUW） due to their physiological and pharmacological actions. In the present study, we developed a sensitive and reliable HPLC-diode-array detection method to simultaneously determine ten nucleosides and nucleobases, including cytosine, uracil, cytidine, uridine, thymine, adenine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine and adenosine. Complete separation of all the analytes was achieved on a Zorbax 300 A 300 Extend C18 column with a gradient of methanol-ultrapure water at a flow rate of 1 mL/min in less than 30 min. The diode-array detector wavelength was set at 260 nm for the UV detection of nucleosides and nucleobases. The optimized method provided good linearity （R2〉0.9993 for all the analytes）, satisfactory precision （RSD〈3.715%）, good repeatability （RSD_〈3.748%） and good recovery （RSD from 97.688% to 102.923%）. In addition, the developed method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of ten nucleosides and nucleobases from FUW, and their content changes of various cultivation time （1-7 years） were further analyzed for the first time. Our findings were useful for ensuring the cultivation time choice of artificial cultivation, quality control, pharmaceutical studies and clinical efficacy of FUW.展开更多
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that ...Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that all the three natural popu-lations of the pine were high in genetic diversity but low in inter-population genetic differentiation. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.667, with each locus holding 2.13 alleles, averagely. The average expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.288 and 0.197, respectively. The gene differentiation among populations was 0.052, but the mean genetic distance was only 0.015.展开更多
文摘Based on the data of temperature,precipitation and sunshine at Longhui National Station from 1981 to 2023,the temperature data at 22 regional stations from 2011 to 2023,and lily planting data at Lilium brownii var.viridulum base,the feasibility of meteorological conditions for the growth of L.brownii var.viridulum was analyzed.The results showed that the climatic conditions in Longhui were generally suitable for planting L.brownii var.viridulum.The southern hilly area was the most suitable climate area,the northern mountainous area was the suitable climate area,and the northwest mountainous area was the more suitable climate area.It can provide favorable meteorological protection for farmers,reduce the impact of adverse meteorological conditions on L.brownii var.viridulum,and improve the economic benefits of lily production by making full use of Longhui climatic conditions and doing a good job in the meteorological service of L.brownii var.viridulum.
文摘Objectives:Among cutaneous malignancies,melanoma stands out for its particularly aggressive nature,with therapeutic interventions becoming notably limited once the disease progresses.In this research,we investigate the tumor-suppressing capabilities of water-extracted Korean mistletoe(Viscum album var.coloratum)and its purified lectin component(V.album var.coloratum agglutinin,VCA)using two distinct mouse melanoma models:B16BL6 and B16F10 cell lines.Methods:The impact of water extract and VCA treatments on melanoma cells was assessed through multiple experimental approaches,examining cellular survival rates,programmed cell death pathways,multicaspase activity,and cell cycle distribution patterns.To elucidate the interconnections among various cellular responses,we employed a suite of statistical techniques encompassing correlation studies,principal component analysis(PCA)-based dimensionality reduction,and dendrogram-based clusteringmethodologies.Results:Thewater extract exhibited dosedependent cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 372.3±8.7μg/mL and 202.5±8.4μg/mL for B16BL6 and B16F10 cells,respectively.VCA showed more significant effects,with IC50 values of 0.1992±0.0041 and 0.1981±0.0098μg/mL for B16BL6 and B16F10 cells,respectively.Both agents induced substantial apoptosis with a significant progression from early to late apoptotic stages,reaching up to 59.4%total apoptotic cells for VCA treatment.This was confirmed by strong multicaspase activation,particularly in VCA-treated cells(up to 88.4%caspase-positive cells).The water extract showed modest effects on cell cycle distribution,with increases in G0/G1 phase(74.6%)in B16BL6 cells and S phase(19.2%)in B16F10 cells,while VCA treatment resulted in G2/M phase reduction(10.0%)in B16F10 cells.Correlation analysis revealed strong negative associations between cell viability and caspase activity(r=−0.843 to−0.878),while hierarchical clustering demonstrated distinct response patterns between low and high concentrations of both agents.Effect size analysis confirmed strong treatment impacts on cell viability(d=−5.89 to−6.12)and caspase activation(d=3.45 to 5.23).Conclusion:These findings suggest that Korean mistletoe water extract and its isolated lectin may affect both primary and metastatic melanoma cells through distinct mechanisms,demonstrating particular potency in caspase-dependent apoptosis induction.Our findings establish a robust foundation for developing novel therapeutic interventions derived from natural compounds to combat malignant melanoma with high metastatic potential.
基金Supported by General Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Demonstration(Social People s Livelihood Category)(cstc2018jscx-msybX0215)Horizontal Project of Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station(WLHX-2021-0113).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar-based fertilizer on high yield and quality of green pepper(Zanthoxylum armatum var.novemfolius)and soil nutrient status.[Methods]With green pepper and pepper field soil as the research subjects,four treatments were set up,namely,conventional fertilization(T_(1)),conventional fertilization+biochar(T_(2)),biochar-based fertilizer 1(T_(3)),and biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4)).[Results]The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased green pepper yield by 9.37%-51.12%,with the order of increase being T_(4)>T_(3)>T_(2)>T_(1).In terms of soil nutrients,biochar-based fertilizer raised soil pH by 6.67%-53.33%,with the order of increase being T_(3)>T_(4)>T_(2)>T_(1).The initially strongly acidic soil gradually shifted to weakly acidic and approached neutral,indicating significantly improved soil acidity.The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available zinc,available iron,and available manganese.It significantly enhanced green pepper yield,improved soil acidity,and elevated soil nutrient levels.Considering yield,nutrient uptake,and soil nutrient content,biochar-based fertilizer 2(T_(4))was identified as the optimal treatment.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for improving green pepper yield and soil amendment.
基金Supported by the Qingdao Aquarium Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Cooperation Project(No.20210021)the Researching Key Technologies for Selecting Excellent Koi Carp Germplasm(No.20223702032291)the Qingdao Agricultural University Tangwang Koi Carp Joint R&D Center Collaborative Project(No.20220271)。
文摘FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex determination and gonadal development in Cyprinus carpio var.koi were explored using a non-invasive RNA interference(RNAi)method,histopathological observation and qPCR.Results demonstrate that foxl 2 exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression pattern in gonads,with a notable expression in ovaries;cyp 19 b was expressed in all peripheral tissues,with a particularly prominent expression in brain and gonads.The knockdown of foxl 2 by RNAi resulted in delay in the development of the female gonads.Conversely,no notable alterations were discerned in the gonads of C.carpio var.koi following the knockdown of cyp 19 b.The upregulation of sox 9 a,amh,and cyp 19 b following foxl 2 knockdown indicates that foxl 2 may play a pivotal role in gonadal development.Nevertheless,further investigation is required to ascertain the potential role of cyp 19 b.This study elucidated the role of foxl 2 and enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal development in C.carpio var.koi.
基金supported by the National Natural Science oundation of China(Nos.31960087,82060631,and 32270413)the Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(No.QKHJC[2020]1Z076)+6 种基金the Excellent Young Talents Plan of Guizhou Medical University(2023,No.106)the 13~(th)Batch of Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents in Guizhou Province(No.QKHPTRC[2021]5633)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.QKHZYD[2022]4015)the High-level Innovative Talents in Guizhou Province(Thousand Levels of Talent for Chunmao Yuan in 2018 and Jue Yang in 2023)2022 Guiyang Science and Technology Talent Training Project(No.ZKH[2023]48-5)Guizhou Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team(No.QKHPTRC-CXTD[2022]007)the“Light of the West”Talent Cultivation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Chunmao Yuan(No.RZ[2020]82)。
文摘A comprehensive phytochemical investigation of the leaves and twigs of Physalis angulata.var.villosa resulted in the isolation of 23 withanolide derivatives,including one novel 13,20-γ-lactone withanolide derivative(1)and three new withanolide derivatives(2-4).Architecturally,physalinin A(1)represents the first identified type B withanolide featuring a 13,20-γ-lactone moiety.The molecular structures of all isolates were elucidated using an integrated approach combining nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy,mass spectrometry(MS),infrared(IR)spectroscopy,and quantum chemical calculations to confirm structural assignments.The antiproliferative activities of all isolated withanolides were evaluated against four human cancer cell lines(HEL,HCT-116,Colo320DM,and MDA-MB-231).Among them,eight derivatives(2,5–8,14,15,and 23)exhibited significant inhibitory effects,with half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)values of 0.18±0.03 to 17.02±0.21μmol·L-1.Structureactivity relationship(SAR)analysis suggested that the presence of an epoxide ring enhances anticancer activity,potentially through increased reactivity or specific interactions with molecular targets involved in cancer progression.These findings underscore the pharmacological potential of withanolides as promising lead compounds for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program“Research on Synergistic Relationship and Reintroduction Technology of C.tortisepalum var.longibracteatum and Endophytic Mycorrhizal Fungi in Eastern Sichuan”(2017JY0132)Longshan Academic Talent Research Supporting Program of SWUST(17LZX521,18LZX522).
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970363,31161140350)the Key Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province,China(202101BC070003)supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services division。
文摘Chinese Assam tea(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan,China.Despite its potential value as a genetic resource,its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear.To address this issue,we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 C.sinensis var.assamica populations,plus two of its wild relatives(six and three populations of C.taliensis and C.crassicolumna,respectively)using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci.Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high,but comparatively lower gene diversity(H_(S)=0.638)than the wild relative C.crassicolumna(H_S=0.658).Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups,with considerable interspecific introgression.The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools,corresponding well with their geographic distribution.However,New Hybrids analysis indicated that 68.48%of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools.In addition,10%of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and C.taliensis.Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools(Puer,Lincang and Xishuangbanna)in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process.Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex,our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81973199,82173949,and 81773864)the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC010507)。
文摘Six novel compounds,comprising three quinolones(1a,1b,and 2)and three flavanones(3-5),along with seven known analogs(6-13),were isolated from the 95%EtOH extract of the stems and leaves of Glycosmis craibii var.glabra.The structures of the new compounds were elucidated using HR-ESI-MS,UV,and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)data analysis.The ab-solute configurations were determined through Mosher ester and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)spectral analysis.Compounds 2,6,9,and 10 demonstrated inhibition of nitric oxide(NO)production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide in BV-2 microglial cells,with IC50 values ranging from 13.5 to 20.1 μmol·L^(-1),comparable to the positive control,dexamethasone.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32260760)the Science and Technology Program of Guizhou Province(grant no.20201Z002)the Platform Construction Project of Engineering Research Center for Protected Vegetable Crops in Higher Learning Institutions of Guizhou Province(Qianjiaoji[2022]No.040).
文摘Hot pepper(Capsicum annuum var.conoides)is a significant vegetable that is widely cultivated around the world.Currently,global climate change has caused frequent severe weather events,and waterlogging stress harms the pepper industry by affecting the planting period,growth conditions,and disease susceptibility.The gene CaABI3/VP1-1 could improve pepper waterlogging tolerance.In order to explore the upstream regulatory mechanism of CaABI3/VP1-1,a high-quality standardized yeast hybrid library was successfully constructed for yeast one-,two-,and threehybrid screening using pepper‘ZHC2’as the experimental material,with a library recombinant efficiency of up to 100%.The length of inserted fragments varied from 650 to 5000 bp,the library titer was 5.18×10^(6)colony-forming units(CFU)·mL-1,and the library capacity was 1.04×10^(7)CFU of cDNA inserts.The recombinant bait plasmid was used to successfully identify 78 different proteins through the yeast one-hybrid system,including one transcription factor within the ethylene-responsive factor family and the other within the growth-regulating factor family.The interaction happened between LOC124895848 and CaABI3/VP1-1 promoter by point-to-point yeast one-hybrid experiment.The expression level of the 12 selected protein-coding genes was then evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results indicated the protein coding genes showed different responses to waterlogging stress and that the activity of the CaABI3/VP1-1 promoter could be inhibited or activated by up-regulating or down-regulating gene expression,respectively.The identification of these proteins interacting with the promoter provides a new perspective for understanding the gene regulatory network of hot pepper operating under waterlogging stress and provides theoretical support for further analysis of the complex regulatory relationship between transcription factors and promoters.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and investigate their effects on the embryo development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds. [Method] The endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla were isolated and identified morphologically, and their effects on the embryo development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds were studied by using paraffin sectioning and microphotography. [Result] Nine endophytic fungi, i.e. P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis endophytic fungi PPYEF-1, PPYEF-2, PPYEF-3, PPYEF-4, PPYEF-5, PPYEF-6, PPYEF-7, PPYEF-8 and PPYEF-9 belonging to seven genera in five families, three orders were isolated from the rhizomes. Except PPYEF-4 (Cladosporium sp.), other fungi could promote the embryo development of the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds, mostly reaching the extremely significant or significant level. PPYEF-9 (Trichoderma sp.) resulted in the highest embryo length and embryo-emerging ratio. [Conclusion] This paper could provide a reference for the application of the endophytic fungi of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis in the dormancy-breaking of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seeds.
文摘野古草(Arundinella anomala var. depauperata Keng)在三峡库区长江及其支流江(河)岸有广泛分布,对水淹有很好的耐受能力。有研究表明许多植物在水淹时通气组织发生增强,通气组织的产生改善了植株通气状况,提高了植物对水淹的抵御能力。为了研究水淹是否会影响野古草的通气组织发生以及野古草通气组织发生对水淹的反应,考察了不同水淹深度、不同水淹时间和不同水淹方式处理时野古草茎中通气组织的发生情况。实验中共设置3个水淹深度:不进行水淹(对照)、植株地下部分淹没、植株完全淹没于水下2m深处;5个淹没时间:植株被淹没的时间长度分别为5、10、20、30d和60d;2种水淹方式:连续水淹和间歇水淹。实验结果表明:(1)在无水淹情况下野古草茎中可以产生通气组织,通气组织产生随植株的生长而增强;水淹加快了野古草通气组织发生的进程,促进了野古草通气组织的提前发生。(2)野古草茎中通气组织并不会因为水淹的时间越长而产生越多,植株通气组织的大小达到一定程度后不再因水淹时间的增长而继续增大。(3)淹没深度对通气组织发生有一定影响,总的看来,地下部分淹没野古草植株的通气组织发生要强于完全淹没植株。(4)不同水淹方式对野古草通气组织发生的影响因水淹深度不同而有差异。在完全淹没情况下,连续水淹植株的通气组织比间歇水淹植株的通气组织发达;在地下部分淹没情况下,除水淹初期外,随水淹时间的延长,连续水淹植株通气组织发生与间歇水淹植株没有差异。
基金The research was supported by innovation research project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX3-SW-418) and by Nature Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (20021006).
文摘Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestiris Linnaeus var. mongolica Litvinov) as a valuable conifer tree species has been broadly introduced to the sandy land areas in 揟hree North?regions (North, northwest and northeast of China), but many problems occurred in the earliest Mongolian pine plantations in Zhanggutai, Zhangwu County, Liaoning Province (ZZL). In order to clarify the reason, comprehensive investigations were carried out on differences in structure characteristics, growth processes and ecological factors between artificial stands (the first plantation established in ZZL in 1950s) and natural stands (the origin forests of the tree species in Honghuaerji, Inner Mongolia) on sandy land. The results showed that variation of diameter-class distributions in artificial stands and natural stands could be described by Weibull and Normal distribution models, respectively. Chapman-Richards growth model was employed to reconstruct the growth process of Mongolian pine based on the data from field investigation and stem analysis. The ages of maximum of relative growth rate and average growth rate of DBH, height, and volume of planted trees were 11, 22 years, 8, 15 years and 35, 59 years earlier than those of natural stand trees, respectively. In respect of the incremental acceleration of volume, the artificial and natural stands reached their maximum values at 14 years and 33 years respectively. The quantitative maturity ages of artificial stands and natural stands were 43 years and 102 years respectively. It was concluded that the life span of the Mongolian pine trees in natural stands was about 60 years longer than those in artificial stands. The differences mentioned above between artificial and natural Mongolian pine forests on sandy land were partially attributed to the drastic variations of ecological conditions such as latitude, temperature, precipitation, evaporation and height above sea level. Human beings' disturbances and higher density in plantation forest may be ascribed as additional reasons. Those results may be potentially useful for the management and afforestation of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land in arid and semi-arid areas.
基金The Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20115103110009)"211"Project Double-Support Plan of Sichuan Agricultural Un iversity(Grant No.03570313)Modernization of Chinese Traditional Medicines in Hainan Province(Grant No.ZY201410)
文摘Determination of nucleosides and nucleobases is important for the quality control of Fritillaria unibracteata Hsiao et K.C. Hsia var. wabuensis （FUW） due to their physiological and pharmacological actions. In the present study, we developed a sensitive and reliable HPLC-diode-array detection method to simultaneously determine ten nucleosides and nucleobases, including cytosine, uracil, cytidine, uridine, thymine, adenine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine and adenosine. Complete separation of all the analytes was achieved on a Zorbax 300 A 300 Extend C18 column with a gradient of methanol-ultrapure water at a flow rate of 1 mL/min in less than 30 min. The diode-array detector wavelength was set at 260 nm for the UV detection of nucleosides and nucleobases. The optimized method provided good linearity （R2〉0.9993 for all the analytes）, satisfactory precision （RSD〈3.715%）, good repeatability （RSD_〈3.748%） and good recovery （RSD from 97.688% to 102.923%）. In addition, the developed method was successfully applied to simultaneous determination of ten nucleosides and nucleobases from FUW, and their content changes of various cultivation time （1-7 years） were further analyzed for the first time. Our findings were useful for ensuring the cultivation time choice of artificial cultivation, quality control, pharmaceutical studies and clinical efficacy of FUW.
基金his article was supported by the Natural Science Founda-tion of Yunnan Province (No.98C017Q).
文摘Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural populations of Pinus kesiya var. langbinanensis were examined by means of electrophoresis technique. Analysis of 9 enzyme systems including 16 loci showed that all the three natural popu-lations of the pine were high in genetic diversity but low in inter-population genetic differentiation. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.667, with each locus holding 2.13 alleles, averagely. The average expected and observed heterozygosity was 0.288 and 0.197, respectively. The gene differentiation among populations was 0.052, but the mean genetic distance was only 0.015.
