Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at hig...Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.展开更多
Background:The surgical management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has considerably evolved through recent years.Nonetheless,benefits and harms of several laser procedures are still to be determined....Background:The surgical management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has considerably evolved through recent years.Nonetheless,benefits and harms of several laser procedures are still to be determined.The study aimed to report perioperative and early functional results of patients treated with anatomical photo vaporization of the prostate(aPVP).Methods:Data from consecutive patients treated with aPVP by using a 180-W XPS GreenLight laser were prospectively collected in a single tertiary center between 2020 and 2023.The surgical procedure was divided into a modular step-by-step fashion.Patients were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up visits.Results:Overall,176 consecutive patients were enrolled.Median age was 65[interquartile range(IQR)63–72]years.The baseline median prostate volume was 61.2(IQR 52.5–71.0)mL,and the median max flow rate(Qmax)was 9.3(IQR 7.8–11.5)mL/s.Median preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)was 25(IQR 22–29).Overall,the median operative time was 42(IQR 31–47)minutes with a median energy/mL of tissue delivered of 2447 kJ/mL.At 3 month-evaluation,significant improvements were observed,with a median Qmax of 28(IQR:24–32)mL/s and a median IPSS reduction of 15(IQR:11–18)points.A strong inverse correlation was identified between energy delivery during initial procedural steps and the severity of postoperative storage symptoms(all p<0.05),underscoring the importance of precise energy modulation.Multivariate analysis identified increased prostate volume(odds ratio[OR]:1.02;95%confidence interval[CI]1.01–1.11;p=0.001)and higher prostate width-to-length ratio(OR:1.28;95%CI 1.04–1.78;p=0.03)as independent predictors of increased energy requirements.Conclusions:aPVP with 180-W XPS GreenLight laser is a safe and effective technique showing worthy early functional results.The limitation of the energy delivered in some key phases of the procedure may be associated with a significant reduction in postoperative irritative symptoms.The shape and dimensions of the prostate also play a critical role in determining the total energy required for complete adenoma removal.展开更多
The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition ...The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition mechanisms remain under explored,especially in multi-component drugs.Here we report a novel ciprofloxacin-diclofenac salt system and investigate phase transitions among its anhydrate,dihydrate,and methanol solvate forms.The study focused on the influence of water activity and solvent vapor conditions,elucidating the role of vip molecules in driving these transitions.These findings offer new insights into polymorphic phase transitions,advancing our understanding of stability and performance in pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)MoO_(2),a binary nonlayered material,has been extensively studied for potential applications in catalysis and electronics.However,the preparation of 2D MoO_(2) remains challenging.Herein,we report t...Two-dimensional(2D)MoO_(2),a binary nonlayered material,has been extensively studied for potential applications in catalysis and electronics.However,the preparation of 2D MoO_(2) remains challenging.Herein,we report the growth of 2D MoO_(2) flakes with rhombic morphology on the sapphire substrate via a chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Atomic force microscopy shows the CVDgrown MoO_(2) flakes with thin thickness.The CVD-obtained MoO_(2) with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 is verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)characterization reveals the high-quality,single-crystal nature of the CVDderived 2D MoO_(2) flakes.展开更多
Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examin...Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examines the mechanism underlying the observed non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei with tin chloride SnCl_(2).Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis was used to examine the correlation between the nucleation behavior and orientation of niobium grains in the substrate.The findings of the density functional theory(DFT)simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results,showing that the non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei is the result of the adsorption energy of SnCl_(2)molecules by varied niobium grain orientations.Further analysis indicated that the surface roughness and grain size of niobium also played significant roles in the nucleation behavior.This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the surface pretreatment of niobium substrates during the growth of Nb_(3)Sn thin films using the vapor diffusion method.展开更多
In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolut...In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolution of oil shale during water vapor injection in single-fracture and no-fracture scenarios.Three types of oil shale are investigated:intact oil shale,oil shale with a single straight crack,and oil shale with a single hydraulic crack.With increasing water vapor temperature,the permeabilities of the intact oil shale and oil shale with a fractured crack exhibit a trend of initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then a subsequent increase.However,the permeability of oil shale with a single straight crack consistently increases and exceeds that of oil shale with a fractured crack.The temperaturedependent permeability changes in fractured oil shale-a slight decrease in fracture cracks and a gradual increase in straight cracks-mainly occur in the range of 300℃-350℃.The permeability of oil shale with a straight crack is approximately three times that of oil shale with a fractured crack.This is attributed to the retention of viscous asphaltene and the frictional resistance caused by the rough fracture structure.For the oil shale with a single crack,the crack permeability has a dominant influence on the overall permeability of the rock.The contribution of the permeability of the straight crack exceeds 94.6%,while that of the permeability of the fractured crack is greater than 86.1%.The disparity in the contribution of these two crack structures is evident at 350℃-550℃.展开更多
Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing m...Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dep...Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.展开更多
High atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD)reduces the calcium(Ca)distribution in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)fruits,severely reducing fruit mass.Reducing the VPD or increasing Ca fertilizer is an important measur...High atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD)reduces the calcium(Ca)distribution in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)fruits,severely reducing fruit mass.Reducing the VPD or increasing Ca fertilizer is an important measure to improve Ca distribution in fruits.However,the mechanism through which VPD and Ca regulate fruit Ca distribution remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of high and low VPD and Ca levels on Ca distribution and fruit mass based on carbon fixation,water transport dynamics,and pectin and Ca content and identified key differential genes and metabolites through transcriptome and metabolome analyses.The results showed that both reducing VPD under low Ca and increasing Ca under high VPD increased water and Ca transport to fruits.The increased Ca combined with pectin to form Ca pectinate,which effectively stabilized the cell wall and enhanced the fruit mass.Reduced VPD under low Ca increased the distribution of Ca to fruits but decreased the distribution of Ca to leaves.Lower Ca distribution in leaves increased their absorption of other nutrients,such as potassium,magnesium,copper,and zinc,which increased the stomatal size and density,thereby improving plant carbon absorption and assimilation efficiency.However,transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that carbohydrates,as important regulatory factors under drought stress,increased significantly under high VPD,thereby reducing the fruit water potential while improving fruit water and Ca absorption.Therefore,the carbon assimilation efficiency,water transport capacity,and differential genes and metabolites regulated Ca distribution.This work provides a theoretical basis for environmental and fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato production.展开更多
Faced with complex operational environments,liquid metal divertors are considered alternative solutions to traditional solid divertors.Experiments have been conducted using a self-designed embedded multichannel capill...Faced with complex operational environments,liquid metal divertors are considered alternative solutions to traditional solid divertors.Experiments have been conducted using a self-designed embedded multichannel capillary porous structure(EM-CPS)for plasma irradiation of lithium(Li)-prefilled EM-CPS in the high-density linear plasma device(SCU-PSI).The optical image analysis of the interaction region between the plasma and Li vapor shows that the region is not a regular geometric shape and the point of strongest light emission appears 1–2 cm in front of the target rather than on its surface.The irregularity is due to the uneven distribution and density of the Li vapor,as well as the radial and axial attenuation of the plasma.As the plasma discharge parameters increase,the vapor profile initially expands globally and then contracts locally,with the point of the strongest light emission gradually moving towards the target surface.The spectral lines of Li 670.78 nm and Ar 763.51 nm in the interaction region are produced by deexcitation.These lines gradually decrease in intensity along the axial direction,which is close to the trend of light emission intensity that initially increases and then decreases along the same direction.These findings provide a reference for studying the interaction mechanism between plasma and liquid Li capillary porous structures in linear plasma devices and future tokamak.展开更多
A hydrophobic composite coating was obtained on the carbon steel surface through electrochemical deposition of a copper coating in a sulfate solution and chemical vapor deposition of a carbon fiber film.It alleviated ...A hydrophobic composite coating was obtained on the carbon steel surface through electrochemical deposition of a copper coating in a sulfate solution and chemical vapor deposition of a carbon fiber film.It alleviated the serious corrosion problem of carbon steel on the evaporator of hot film coupled seawater desalination system in harsh marine environment.The morphologies and compositions of the coatings were analyzed,revealing the influence of electrodeposition time on their performance.The micro-nano copper structure formed by electrodeposition significantly improved the deposition effect of carbon layer.Additionally,experiments with seawater solution contact angle tests indicated that electrodeposition transformed the surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic,effectively inhibiting the diffusion of corrosive medium into the interior of the substrate.Through polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and other analyses,it was demonstrated that the hydrophobic coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrates in seawater environments,surpassing the performance of traditional duplex steel.展开更多
Step heterostructures are predicted to hold a profound catalytic performance because of the rearranged electronic structure at their interface.However,limitations in the morphology of heterostructures prepared by hydr...Step heterostructures are predicted to hold a profound catalytic performance because of the rearranged electronic structure at their interface.However,limitations in the morphology of heterostructures prepared by hydrothermal reactions or molten salt-assisted strategies make it challenging to directly assess charge distribution and evaluate a single interface's hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance.Here,we prepared two-dimensional MoO_(2)/MoS_(2) step heterostructures with a large specific surface area by the chemical vapor deposition method.Surface Kelvin probe force microscopy and electrical transport measurement verified the asymmetric charge distribution at a single interface.By fabricating a series of micro on-chip electrocatalytic devices,we investigate the HER performance for a single interface and confirm that the interface is essential for superior catalytic performance.We experimentally confirmed that the enhancement of the HER performance of step heterostructure is attributed to the asymmetric charge distribution at the interface.This work lays a foundation for designing highly efficient catalytic systems based on step heterostructures.展开更多
Solar-induced water oxidation reaction(WOR)for oxygen evolution is a critical step in the transformation of Earth's atmosphere from a reducing to an oxidation one during its primordial stages.WOR is also associate...Solar-induced water oxidation reaction(WOR)for oxygen evolution is a critical step in the transformation of Earth's atmosphere from a reducing to an oxidation one during its primordial stages.WOR is also associated with important reduction reactions,such as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).These transitions are instrumental in the emergence and evolution of life.In this study,transition metals were loaded onto nitrogen-doped carbon(NDC)prepared under the primitive Earth's atmospheric conditions.These metal-loaded NDC samples were found to catalyze both WOR and ORR under light illumination.The chemical pathways initiated by the pristine and metal-loaded NDC were investigated.This study provides valuable insights into potential mechanisms relevant to the early evolution of our planet.展开更多
High-performance and low-cost anode materials are critical for superior sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Herein,high-yield porous carbon nanofiber(CNF)anode materials(named CNFs@Cu–Ni)are prepared by chemical vapor deposit...High-performance and low-cost anode materials are critical for superior sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Herein,high-yield porous carbon nanofiber(CNF)anode materials(named CNFs@Cu–Ni)are prepared by chemical vapor deposition using a specialized nanoporous Cu–Ni alloy catalyst.Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ni incorporation results in a shift of the d-band center of the catalyst from−2.34157 to−1.93682 eV.This phenomenon elucidates the remarkable adsorption capacity of the Cu–Ni catalyst toward C2H2,thereby facilitating the catalytic growth of high-performance CNFs.With this approach,a superior yield of 258.6%for deposited carbon is reached after growth for 1 h.The CNFs@Cu–Ni anode presents an outstanding discharge capacity of 193.6 mAh·g^(−1) at 1.0 A·g^(−1)over 1000 cycles and an exceptional rate capability by maintaining a capacity of 158.9 mAh·g^(−1)even at 5.0 A·g^(−1)in an ether-based electrolyte.It also exhibits excellent performance in the CNFs@Cu–Ni//NVP full battery attributed to the presence of abundant Na+adsorption sites on its surface.This study presents a new concept for the advancement of high-performance carbonaceous electrodes for SIBs.展开更多
The water adsorption performance of shale gas reservoirs is a very important factor affecting their gas in place(GIP)contents,but the water-holding capacity and mechanism of over-mature shale,especially organic pores,...The water adsorption performance of shale gas reservoirs is a very important factor affecting their gas in place(GIP)contents,but the water-holding capacity and mechanism of over-mature shale,especially organic pores,are still not fully understood.In this study,systematic water vapor adsorption(WVA)experiments were carried out on the Lower Cambrian over-mature shale and its kerogen from the Sichuan Basin,China to characterize their WVA behaviors,and combined with the low-pressure gas(N_(2) and CO_(2))adsorption experiments,the main influencing factors of WVA capacity of the shale and the absorbed-water distribution in its organic and inorganic nanopores were investigated.The results show that the WVA isotherms of shale and kerogen are all typeⅡ,with an obvious hysteresis loop in the multilayer adsorption range,and that the positive relationship of the shale TOC content with the WVA capacity(including total adsorption capacity,primary adsorption capacity and secondary adsorption capacity)and WVA hysteresis index(AHIW),and the greater adsorption capacity and AHIW of kerogen than the shale,all indicate that the hydrophilicity of organic matter(OM)in the over-mature shale was underestimated in previous research.Although both the shale OM and clay minerals have a significant positive effect on the WVA,the former has a stronger adsorption ability than the latter.The WVA capacity of the studied Lower Cambrian shale is significantly greater than that of the Longmaxi shale reported in literatures,which was believed to be mainly attributed to its higher maturity,with a significant graphitization of OM.The shale micropores and non-micropores play an important role in WVA,especially OM pores.There are primary and secondary adsorption for water vapor in both the micropores and non-micropores of OM,while these adsorptions of minerals mainly occur in their non-micropores.These results have important guides for understanding the gas storage mechanism and exploration and development potential of marine over-mature shale in southern China,especially the Lower Cambrian shale.展开更多
Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces ar...Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces are unavoidably terminated with oxygen,leading to low photoresponsivity.To address this limitation,single-crystalline diamond nanowires(DNWs)embedded with platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were developed using Pt film deposition followed by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)homoepitaxial growth.During the CVD,Pt nanoparticles(approximately 20 nm in diameter)undergo dewetting and become uniformly embedded within the single-crystalline DNWs.Photodetectors fabricated with these Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs achieve a responsivity of 68.5 A W^(−1) under 220 nm illumination at room temperature,representing an improvement of approximately 2000 times compared to oxygen-terminated bulk diamond devices.Notably,the responsivity further increases with temperature,reaching an exceptional value of 3098.7 A W^(−1) at 275℃.This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the one-dimensional nanowire structure,deep-level defects,the localized surface plasmon resonance effects induced by embedded Pt nanoparticles,and localized Schottky junctions at the Pt/diamond interface,which enhance optical absorption,carrier generation,and separation efficiency.These results highlight the significant potential of Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs for advanced deep ultraviolet detection in harsh environments,including aerospace,industrial monitoring,and other applications.展开更多
Chloroform and other volatile organic pollutants have garnered widespread attention from the public and researchers,because of their potential harm to the respiratory system,nervous system,skin,and eyes.However,resear...Chloroform and other volatile organic pollutants have garnered widespread attention from the public and researchers,because of their potential harm to the respiratory system,nervous system,skin,and eyes.However,research on chloroform vapor sensing is still in its early stages,primarily due to the lack of specific recognition motif.Here we report a mesoporous photonic crystal sensor incorporating carbon dots-based nanoreceptor(HMSS@CDs-PCs)for enhanced chloroform sensing.The colloidal PC packed with hollow mesoporous silica spheres provides an interconnected ordered macro-meso-hierarchical porous structure,ideal for rapid gas sensing utilizing the photonic bandgap shift as the readout signal.The as-synthesized CDs with pyridinic-N-oxide functional groups adsorbed in the hollow mesoporous silica spheres are found to not only serve as the chloroform adsorption sites,but also a molecular glue that prevents crack formation in the colloidal PC.The sensitivity of HMSS@CDs-PCs sensor is 0.79 nm ppm^(-1)and an impressively low limit of detection is 3.22 ppm,which are the best reported values in fast-response chloroform vapor sensor without multi-signal assistance.The positive response time is 7.5 s and the negative response time 9 s.Furthermore,relatively stable sensing can be maintained within a relative humidity of 20%-85%RH and temperature of 25-55℃.This study demonstrates that HMSS@CDs-PCs sensors have practical application potential in indoor and outdoor chloroform vapor detection.展开更多
Liquid hydrogen, known for its high energy density and eco-friendly properties, has garnered significant attention in the context of sustainable development and clean energy. A comprehensive understanding of its nucle...Liquid hydrogen, known for its high energy density and eco-friendly properties, has garnered significant attention in the context of sustainable development and clean energy. A comprehensive understanding of its nucleation mechanisms and boiling heat transfer characteristics is crucial. However, current experimental and macroscopic simulation methods offer limited insights. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the vaporization nucleation and boiling heat transfer properties of liquid hydrogen at the microscopic scale, with a focus on the effects of hydrogen film thickness, surface temperature, and wettability. The results indicate that hydrogen film thickness plays a critical role in nucleation. Thinner layers disrupt the shape of liquid films, leading to increased errors, whereas a thickness of 7 nm ensures film stability. Different heating methods and temperatures influence nucleation in various ways. Rapid heating results in a higher heat flux, while an increase in temperature under the same heating method accelerates nucleation, resulting in earlier nucleation and enhanced surface heat flow. Surfaces with varying wettability levels exhibit distinct nucleation behaviors. Specifically, an increase in α delays nucleation, causing a shift from the surface to within the liquid film due to stronger solid–liquid interaction forces. This study offers a microscale perspective on the nucleation and boiling processes of liquid hydrogen and provides valuable insights for phase transition studies.展开更多
Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yi...Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.展开更多
文摘Cu suffers from oxidation and corrosion during application due to its active chemical properties.Graphene⁃modified Cu can significantly improve its stability during application.However,copper is easily sintered at high temperatures,so that graphene cannot be grown inside.We demonstrate two kinds of spacers,graphite and SiO_(2),which are effective in preventing the sintering of copper and are used to assist in the growth of graphene.In the Cu⁃C system,the nucleation of graphene is scarce,and it tends to nucleate and grow on the concave surface of copper first,and then grow epitaxially to the convex surface of copper.Eventually,the obtained graphene is relatively thick.In the Cu⁃SiO_(2) system,due to the oxygen released by SiO_(2) at high temperatures,the surface of copper becomes rough.This leads to an increase in the number of graphene nucleation sites without preferred orientation,and relatively thin graphene is obtained.Two different growth mechanisms have been established for spacerseffects on graphene growth.It provides insights for graphene engineering for further applications.
文摘Background:The surgical management of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)has considerably evolved through recent years.Nonetheless,benefits and harms of several laser procedures are still to be determined.The study aimed to report perioperative and early functional results of patients treated with anatomical photo vaporization of the prostate(aPVP).Methods:Data from consecutive patients treated with aPVP by using a 180-W XPS GreenLight laser were prospectively collected in a single tertiary center between 2020 and 2023.The surgical procedure was divided into a modular step-by-step fashion.Patients were asked to complete self-administered questionnaires at baseline and during follow-up visits.Results:Overall,176 consecutive patients were enrolled.Median age was 65[interquartile range(IQR)63–72]years.The baseline median prostate volume was 61.2(IQR 52.5–71.0)mL,and the median max flow rate(Qmax)was 9.3(IQR 7.8–11.5)mL/s.Median preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS)was 25(IQR 22–29).Overall,the median operative time was 42(IQR 31–47)minutes with a median energy/mL of tissue delivered of 2447 kJ/mL.At 3 month-evaluation,significant improvements were observed,with a median Qmax of 28(IQR:24–32)mL/s and a median IPSS reduction of 15(IQR:11–18)points.A strong inverse correlation was identified between energy delivery during initial procedural steps and the severity of postoperative storage symptoms(all p<0.05),underscoring the importance of precise energy modulation.Multivariate analysis identified increased prostate volume(odds ratio[OR]:1.02;95%confidence interval[CI]1.01–1.11;p=0.001)and higher prostate width-to-length ratio(OR:1.28;95%CI 1.04–1.78;p=0.03)as independent predictors of increased energy requirements.Conclusions:aPVP with 180-W XPS GreenLight laser is a safe and effective technique showing worthy early functional results.The limitation of the energy delivered in some key phases of the procedure may be associated with a significant reduction in postoperative irritative symptoms.The shape and dimensions of the prostate also play a critical role in determining the total energy required for complete adenoma removal.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Promotion Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515030128)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2024A1515011590)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703438)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-1-015).
文摘The phase transition among different solid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients can significantly influence their physicochemical properties,potentially leading to clinical safety risks.However,phase transition mechanisms remain under explored,especially in multi-component drugs.Here we report a novel ciprofloxacin-diclofenac salt system and investigate phase transitions among its anhydrate,dihydrate,and methanol solvate forms.The study focused on the influence of water activity and solvent vapor conditions,elucidating the role of vip molecules in driving these transitions.These findings offer new insights into polymorphic phase transitions,advancing our understanding of stability and performance in pharmaceutical formulations.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Tangshan Science and Technology Bureau(No.22130217H)the Natural Science Foundation-Steel and Iron Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022209114)the Open Research Fund from Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials,Guilin University of Electronic Technology(No.221004-K).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)MoO_(2),a binary nonlayered material,has been extensively studied for potential applications in catalysis and electronics.However,the preparation of 2D MoO_(2) remains challenging.Herein,we report the growth of 2D MoO_(2) flakes with rhombic morphology on the sapphire substrate via a chemical vapor deposition(CVD)method.Atomic force microscopy shows the CVDgrown MoO_(2) flakes with thin thickness.The CVD-obtained MoO_(2) with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 is verified using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)characterization reveals the high-quality,single-crystal nature of the CVDderived 2D MoO_(2) flakes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175283)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020410)Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory(HND20TDSPCD,HND22PTDZD).
文摘Growth of high-quality Nb_(3)Sn thin films for superconducting radiofrequency(SRF)applications using the vapor diffusion method requires a uniform distribution of tin nuclei on the niobium(Nb)surface.This study examines the mechanism underlying the observed non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei with tin chloride SnCl_(2).Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)analysis was used to examine the correlation between the nucleation behavior and orientation of niobium grains in the substrate.The findings of the density functional theory(DFT)simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results,showing that the non-uniform distribution of tin nuclei is the result of the adsorption energy of SnCl_(2)molecules by varied niobium grain orientations.Further analysis indicated that the surface roughness and grain size of niobium also played significant roles in the nucleation behavior.This study provides valuable insights into enhancing the surface pretreatment of niobium substrates during the growth of Nb_(3)Sn thin films using the vapor diffusion method.
基金funded by the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory for Fine Exploration and Intelligent Development of Coal Resources,China University of Mining and Technology(Grant No.SKLCRSM23KF018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104144)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0705501).
文摘In the context of convection-heating-based in situ oil shale retorting,fractures serve as primary pathways for fluid migration and product extraction.This study investigates the permeability and microstructural evolution of oil shale during water vapor injection in single-fracture and no-fracture scenarios.Three types of oil shale are investigated:intact oil shale,oil shale with a single straight crack,and oil shale with a single hydraulic crack.With increasing water vapor temperature,the permeabilities of the intact oil shale and oil shale with a fractured crack exhibit a trend of initial increase,followed by a decrease,and then a subsequent increase.However,the permeability of oil shale with a single straight crack consistently increases and exceeds that of oil shale with a fractured crack.The temperaturedependent permeability changes in fractured oil shale-a slight decrease in fracture cracks and a gradual increase in straight cracks-mainly occur in the range of 300℃-350℃.The permeability of oil shale with a straight crack is approximately three times that of oil shale with a fractured crack.This is attributed to the retention of viscous asphaltene and the frictional resistance caused by the rough fracture structure.For the oil shale with a single crack,the crack permeability has a dominant influence on the overall permeability of the rock.The contribution of the permeability of the straight crack exceeds 94.6%,while that of the permeability of the fractured crack is greater than 86.1%.The disparity in the contribution of these two crack structures is evident at 350℃-550℃.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.42305041)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China (Grant No.2020CFB331)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project “Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility” (Earth Lab)。
文摘Global deforestation has been recognized as an important factor influencing climate change over the past century.However, uncertainties remain regarding its biophysical impacts on temperature across China. Utilizing monthly data from eight global climate models of the Land Use Model Intercomparison Project, a multimodel comparison was conducted to quantitatively analyze the biophysical impacts of global deforestation on near-surface air temperature in China, using a surface energy balance decomposition method. Results show a 38%(29% to 45%) reduction in forest cover in China(ensemble mean and range across eight models) relative to pre-industrial levels, and an annual cooling of 0.6 K(0.05 to1.4 K) accompanied by global deforestation. Notably, surface albedo causes a cooling effect of 0.6 K(0.2 to 2.0 K), while surface latent and sensible heat fluxes partially offset this cooling by 0.2 K(-0.2 to 0.5 K) and 0.2 K(-0.04 to 0.6 K),respectively. These effects are more pronounced in winter and spring in deforested regions. Furthermore, the separation of atmospheric feedbacks under clear-sky and cloudy conditions show that the cloud radiative effect only accounts for 0.1 K(-0.1 to 0.4 K), while the clear-sky surface downward radiation is a significant cooling factor, contributing up to-0.5 K(-1.2 to 0.004 K), particularly in summer. However, the consistency of these models in simulating the impact of surface latent heat flux and albedo on surface temperature in China in response to deforestation is somewhat poor, highlighting the need to improve these related processes.
基金supported by the Yunnan Province Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy Top Team[No.202305AS350012]。
文摘Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.
基金supported by grants from the Construction of Shaanxi Vegetable Industry Technology System in 2022[Grant No.NYKJ-2022-(XN)-03]the Construction of the Scientists+Engineers Team in Qin Chuangyuan,Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2023KXJ-024)。
文摘High atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD)reduces the calcium(Ca)distribution in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.)fruits,severely reducing fruit mass.Reducing the VPD or increasing Ca fertilizer is an important measure to improve Ca distribution in fruits.However,the mechanism through which VPD and Ca regulate fruit Ca distribution remains unclear.This study investigated the effects of high and low VPD and Ca levels on Ca distribution and fruit mass based on carbon fixation,water transport dynamics,and pectin and Ca content and identified key differential genes and metabolites through transcriptome and metabolome analyses.The results showed that both reducing VPD under low Ca and increasing Ca under high VPD increased water and Ca transport to fruits.The increased Ca combined with pectin to form Ca pectinate,which effectively stabilized the cell wall and enhanced the fruit mass.Reduced VPD under low Ca increased the distribution of Ca to fruits but decreased the distribution of Ca to leaves.Lower Ca distribution in leaves increased their absorption of other nutrients,such as potassium,magnesium,copper,and zinc,which increased the stomatal size and density,thereby improving plant carbon absorption and assimilation efficiency.However,transcriptomic and metabolomic data indicated that carbohydrates,as important regulatory factors under drought stress,increased significantly under high VPD,thereby reducing the fruit water potential while improving fruit water and Ca absorption.Therefore,the carbon assimilation efficiency,water transport capacity,and differential genes and metabolites regulated Ca distribution.This work provides a theoretical basis for environmental and fertilizer management in greenhouse tomato production.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE03130000)。
文摘Faced with complex operational environments,liquid metal divertors are considered alternative solutions to traditional solid divertors.Experiments have been conducted using a self-designed embedded multichannel capillary porous structure(EM-CPS)for plasma irradiation of lithium(Li)-prefilled EM-CPS in the high-density linear plasma device(SCU-PSI).The optical image analysis of the interaction region between the plasma and Li vapor shows that the region is not a regular geometric shape and the point of strongest light emission appears 1–2 cm in front of the target rather than on its surface.The irregularity is due to the uneven distribution and density of the Li vapor,as well as the radial and axial attenuation of the plasma.As the plasma discharge parameters increase,the vapor profile initially expands globally and then contracts locally,with the point of the strongest light emission gradually moving towards the target surface.The spectral lines of Li 670.78 nm and Ar 763.51 nm in the interaction region are produced by deexcitation.These lines gradually decrease in intensity along the axial direction,which is close to the trend of light emission intensity that initially increases and then decreases along the same direction.These findings provide a reference for studying the interaction mechanism between plasma and liquid Li capillary porous structures in linear plasma devices and future tokamak.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974022).
文摘A hydrophobic composite coating was obtained on the carbon steel surface through electrochemical deposition of a copper coating in a sulfate solution and chemical vapor deposition of a carbon fiber film.It alleviated the serious corrosion problem of carbon steel on the evaporator of hot film coupled seawater desalination system in harsh marine environment.The morphologies and compositions of the coatings were analyzed,revealing the influence of electrodeposition time on their performance.The micro-nano copper structure formed by electrodeposition significantly improved the deposition effect of carbon layer.Additionally,experiments with seawater solution contact angle tests indicated that electrodeposition transformed the surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic,effectively inhibiting the diffusion of corrosive medium into the interior of the substrate.Through polarization curves,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and other analyses,it was demonstrated that the hydrophobic coating significantly improves the corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrates in seawater environments,surpassing the performance of traditional duplex steel.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52288102,52090022,62274087,52472306Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department,Grant/Award Number:BJ2021040Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China,Grant/Award Numbers:E2024203054,E2022203109。
文摘Step heterostructures are predicted to hold a profound catalytic performance because of the rearranged electronic structure at their interface.However,limitations in the morphology of heterostructures prepared by hydrothermal reactions or molten salt-assisted strategies make it challenging to directly assess charge distribution and evaluate a single interface's hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance.Here,we prepared two-dimensional MoO_(2)/MoS_(2) step heterostructures with a large specific surface area by the chemical vapor deposition method.Surface Kelvin probe force microscopy and electrical transport measurement verified the asymmetric charge distribution at a single interface.By fabricating a series of micro on-chip electrocatalytic devices,we investigate the HER performance for a single interface and confirm that the interface is essential for superior catalytic performance.We experimentally confirmed that the enhancement of the HER performance of step heterostructure is attributed to the asymmetric charge distribution at the interface.This work lays a foundation for designing highly efficient catalytic systems based on step heterostructures.
基金supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFE0114800 and 2021YFA1502100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22075047,22032002,U1905214,21961142019)the 111 Project(Nos.D16008)。
文摘Solar-induced water oxidation reaction(WOR)for oxygen evolution is a critical step in the transformation of Earth's atmosphere from a reducing to an oxidation one during its primordial stages.WOR is also associated with important reduction reactions,such as oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),which leads to the production of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).These transitions are instrumental in the emergence and evolution of life.In this study,transition metals were loaded onto nitrogen-doped carbon(NDC)prepared under the primitive Earth's atmospheric conditions.These metal-loaded NDC samples were found to catalyze both WOR and ORR under light illumination.The chemical pathways initiated by the pristine and metal-loaded NDC were investigated.This study provides valuable insights into potential mechanisms relevant to the early evolution of our planet.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271011 and 52102291)the Structure Design and Mass Preparation of High Stability and Low Cost PEM Hydroelectrolysis Non-Iridium Catalyst,China(No.KC22453)
文摘High-performance and low-cost anode materials are critical for superior sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).Herein,high-yield porous carbon nanofiber(CNF)anode materials(named CNFs@Cu–Ni)are prepared by chemical vapor deposition using a specialized nanoporous Cu–Ni alloy catalyst.Density functional theory calculations indicate that Ni incorporation results in a shift of the d-band center of the catalyst from−2.34157 to−1.93682 eV.This phenomenon elucidates the remarkable adsorption capacity of the Cu–Ni catalyst toward C2H2,thereby facilitating the catalytic growth of high-performance CNFs.With this approach,a superior yield of 258.6%for deposited carbon is reached after growth for 1 h.The CNFs@Cu–Ni anode presents an outstanding discharge capacity of 193.6 mAh·g^(−1) at 1.0 A·g^(−1)over 1000 cycles and an exceptional rate capability by maintaining a capacity of 158.9 mAh·g^(−1)even at 5.0 A·g^(−1)in an ether-based electrolyte.It also exhibits excellent performance in the CNFs@Cu–Ni//NVP full battery attributed to the presence of abundant Na+adsorption sites on its surface.This study presents a new concept for the advancement of high-performance carbonaceous electrodes for SIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42030804,42330811)the“Deep-time Digital Earth”Science and Technology Leading Talents Team Funds for the Central Universities for the Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth,China University of Geosciences(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,grant number:2652023001).
文摘The water adsorption performance of shale gas reservoirs is a very important factor affecting their gas in place(GIP)contents,but the water-holding capacity and mechanism of over-mature shale,especially organic pores,are still not fully understood.In this study,systematic water vapor adsorption(WVA)experiments were carried out on the Lower Cambrian over-mature shale and its kerogen from the Sichuan Basin,China to characterize their WVA behaviors,and combined with the low-pressure gas(N_(2) and CO_(2))adsorption experiments,the main influencing factors of WVA capacity of the shale and the absorbed-water distribution in its organic and inorganic nanopores were investigated.The results show that the WVA isotherms of shale and kerogen are all typeⅡ,with an obvious hysteresis loop in the multilayer adsorption range,and that the positive relationship of the shale TOC content with the WVA capacity(including total adsorption capacity,primary adsorption capacity and secondary adsorption capacity)and WVA hysteresis index(AHIW),and the greater adsorption capacity and AHIW of kerogen than the shale,all indicate that the hydrophilicity of organic matter(OM)in the over-mature shale was underestimated in previous research.Although both the shale OM and clay minerals have a significant positive effect on the WVA,the former has a stronger adsorption ability than the latter.The WVA capacity of the studied Lower Cambrian shale is significantly greater than that of the Longmaxi shale reported in literatures,which was believed to be mainly attributed to its higher maturity,with a significant graphitization of OM.The shale micropores and non-micropores play an important role in WVA,especially OM pores.There are primary and secondary adsorption for water vapor in both the micropores and non-micropores of OM,while these adsorptions of minerals mainly occur in their non-micropores.These results have important guides for understanding the gas storage mechanism and exploration and development potential of marine over-mature shale in southern China,especially the Lower Cambrian shale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52172056,62125406,62304226,52188101,62450124,and 62074150)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1200801)the Special Projects of the Central Government in Guidance of Local Science and Technology Development(2024010859-JH6/1006).
文摘Diamond,an ultrawide-bandgap semiconductor material,is promising for solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors in extreme environments.However,when exposed to high-temperature conditions,diamond photodetector surfaces are unavoidably terminated with oxygen,leading to low photoresponsivity.To address this limitation,single-crystalline diamond nanowires(DNWs)embedded with platinum(Pt)nanoparticles were developed using Pt film deposition followed by chemical vapor deposition(CVD)homoepitaxial growth.During the CVD,Pt nanoparticles(approximately 20 nm in diameter)undergo dewetting and become uniformly embedded within the single-crystalline DNWs.Photodetectors fabricated with these Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs achieve a responsivity of 68.5 A W^(−1) under 220 nm illumination at room temperature,representing an improvement of approximately 2000 times compared to oxygen-terminated bulk diamond devices.Notably,the responsivity further increases with temperature,reaching an exceptional value of 3098.7 A W^(−1) at 275℃.This outstanding performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of the one-dimensional nanowire structure,deep-level defects,the localized surface plasmon resonance effects induced by embedded Pt nanoparticles,and localized Schottky junctions at the Pt/diamond interface,which enhance optical absorption,carrier generation,and separation efficiency.These results highlight the significant potential of Pt nanoparticles-embedded DNWs for advanced deep ultraviolet detection in harsh environments,including aerospace,industrial monitoring,and other applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3205500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20360 and 62303192)QL wishes to thank Water Research Australia(WRA 1144/21)for funding support.
文摘Chloroform and other volatile organic pollutants have garnered widespread attention from the public and researchers,because of their potential harm to the respiratory system,nervous system,skin,and eyes.However,research on chloroform vapor sensing is still in its early stages,primarily due to the lack of specific recognition motif.Here we report a mesoporous photonic crystal sensor incorporating carbon dots-based nanoreceptor(HMSS@CDs-PCs)for enhanced chloroform sensing.The colloidal PC packed with hollow mesoporous silica spheres provides an interconnected ordered macro-meso-hierarchical porous structure,ideal for rapid gas sensing utilizing the photonic bandgap shift as the readout signal.The as-synthesized CDs with pyridinic-N-oxide functional groups adsorbed in the hollow mesoporous silica spheres are found to not only serve as the chloroform adsorption sites,but also a molecular glue that prevents crack formation in the colloidal PC.The sensitivity of HMSS@CDs-PCs sensor is 0.79 nm ppm^(-1)and an impressively low limit of detection is 3.22 ppm,which are the best reported values in fast-response chloroform vapor sensor without multi-signal assistance.The positive response time is 7.5 s and the negative response time 9 s.Furthermore,relatively stable sensing can be maintained within a relative humidity of 20%-85%RH and temperature of 25-55℃.This study demonstrates that HMSS@CDs-PCs sensors have practical application potential in indoor and outdoor chloroform vapor detection.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2022J05164)the Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of Xiamen Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(No.3502Z20227047)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Jimei University,China(No.ZQ2021053)the Fujian Provincial Department of Education,China(No.JAT210222).
文摘Liquid hydrogen, known for its high energy density and eco-friendly properties, has garnered significant attention in the context of sustainable development and clean energy. A comprehensive understanding of its nucleation mechanisms and boiling heat transfer characteristics is crucial. However, current experimental and macroscopic simulation methods offer limited insights. This study employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the vaporization nucleation and boiling heat transfer properties of liquid hydrogen at the microscopic scale, with a focus on the effects of hydrogen film thickness, surface temperature, and wettability. The results indicate that hydrogen film thickness plays a critical role in nucleation. Thinner layers disrupt the shape of liquid films, leading to increased errors, whereas a thickness of 7 nm ensures film stability. Different heating methods and temperatures influence nucleation in various ways. Rapid heating results in a higher heat flux, while an increase in temperature under the same heating method accelerates nucleation, resulting in earlier nucleation and enhanced surface heat flow. Surfaces with varying wettability levels exhibit distinct nucleation behaviors. Specifically, an increase in α delays nucleation, causing a shift from the surface to within the liquid film due to stronger solid–liquid interaction forces. This study offers a microscale perspective on the nucleation and boiling processes of liquid hydrogen and provides valuable insights for phase transition studies.
基金financially supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(52173235,22265010,12204071,62074022)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+2 种基金Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059206)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2024SHFZ038)Science and Technology Innovation and Improving Project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS24)。
文摘Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.
