Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are consid...Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are considered an effective means of transmitting enterococcal septicemia, and catheters are at the forefront in terms of danger. Based on this risk, this study aimed to monitor the spread of Enterococcus sp., which causes blood poisoning acquired from catheters, and to compare its response to antibiotics with that of those isolated from clinical samples in children, as a first study locally. The effectiveness of alkaloids of different types of Papaver sp. In Syrian plants, they were tested against infection with this bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study dealt with two parts: The first part included collecting clinical samples from the University Children’s Hospital in Damascus/bacterial diagnostic laboratories/then isolating and diagnosing the bacteria by following a set of tests to identify the most prevalent genera and species and comparing their prevalence rate with Enterococcus. The second part;It included collecting plant samples, confirming the species taxonomically, then extracting alkaloids from plant parts (fruit, stem, Flowers), then comparing the extent of resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics compared to the Enterococcus sp., and then confirming the antibacterial activity of the Papaver sp. alkaloids against Enterococcus sp. Result:In its first part, the study confirmed the significant contribution of the Enterococcus sp. to infections acquired from various sources, largely in catheter tip infections (9.09%) and to a lesser extent in other sources (3.7%), The second part was to confirm the effective-ness of the alkaloid extract of the Papaver sp., especially the two species Papaver syriacum, and Papaver dubium, against Enterococcus sp. with areole diameters that ranged between (15 - 26 mm) for the fruit extract and at a minimum inhibitory concentration (3.12 - 6.25 mml) and then the stem (5 - 20 mm). And the effectiveness of the Flowers extract is very weak to almost non-existent. Conclusions: The catheter and medical sources surrounding the patient constitute a dangerous source of multi-resistant Enterococcus sp., which poses a real threat to the lives of children, with new mechanisms represented by colonization of the skin and the ability to form biofilms Surfaces of medical instruments, with are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. As an alternative and effective modern source to limit its spread in the future, the alkaloid extract of the fruits and stems of the wild Papaver sp. has proven a strong antibiotic effect, especially the two types: Papaver syriacum and Papaver dubium.展开更多
Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomy...Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.展开更多
Resistance against commonly used antibiotics is a serious clinical problem in recent medical practice. There exist several bacterial strains in which the possibilities of their inhibition are very limited due to multi...Resistance against commonly used antibiotics is a serious clinical problem in recent medical practice. There exist several bacterial strains in which the possibilities of their inhibition are very limited due to multidrug resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents an option how to effectively suppress the growth of resistant pathogens. In this work we have studied interactions of potent photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) with hospital-related gram positive (Gram+) and gram negative (Gram-) bacterial strains and the effects of photodynamic activated Hyp on bacterial susceptibility and/or resistance of these strains to antibiotics. We demonstrated a significant influence of photoactivated Hyp on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. We have also shown that it is extremely important to use the effective concentrations of Hyp for aPDT, which completely inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Otherwise, there appears an increase in resistance, probably due to the activation of efflux mechanisms, which are involved in the efflux of Hyp and antibiotics as well.展开更多
The interest in synthesising inorganic nanomaterials for biological applications has increased in recent years, especially for antibacterial purposes. In the present study, spherical and cube-shaped copper nanoparticl...The interest in synthesising inorganic nanomaterials for biological applications has increased in recent years, especially for antibacterial purposes. In the present study, spherical and cube-shaped copper nanoparticles were synthesised by a chemical reduction method and their efficacy as anfimicrobial agents against both Gram-negative （Escherichia coli） and Gram-positive （Enterococcus sp.） organisms investigated. The nanoparticles were characterised using ultraviolet/ visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Copper nanocubes were found to be more antimicrobial when compared with copper nanospheres, and it is postulated that whilst both sets of nanoparticles have similar total surface areas, the different shapes have different active facets and surface energies, which may lead to differing bactericidal behaviour.展开更多
Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic f...Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.Methods This retrospective study was performed between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2021.Data covering the consumption of vancomycin,the prevalence of vancomycin resistance,and relevant demographics were collected.Spearman's rank correlation,beta regression,and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.Results Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE_(fm)).Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption,rural population,proportion of population aged≥65,annual temperature,and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_(fm)prevalence(r=56.22,p<0.001;r=0.0002,p<0.001;r=0.06,p<0.001;r=−0.07,p<0.001;and r=−0.37,p<0.001,respectively).Conclusions Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_(fm)resistance;the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged≥65 were significant but relatively minimal.Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_(fm).展开更多
BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococci is rare,and cases involving vancomycinresistant enterococci are even rarer.We report the first case of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis associated with injury...BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococci is rare,and cases involving vancomycinresistant enterococci are even rarer.We report the first case of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis associated with injury caused by a pig.We also review reported cases of exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus and discuss the clinical management and prognosis of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old man with no previous visual problems complained of endophthalmitis in his left eye following injury caused by a pig.Visual acuity was light perception and B-ultrasonography revealed vitreous opacities with retinal detachment.He was treated with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime after refusing vitrectomy.However,the vitreous opacities and retinal detachment deteriorated and he underwent vitrectomy 5 d post-injury.Intraoperatively,advanced rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy were observed.On postoperative day 5,vitreous cultures grew Gram-positive cocci identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus.A 2-wk course of intravenous ampicillin and dexamethasone was commenced.On postoperative day 14,visual acuity improved to hand movement.At 6 mo post-injury,visual acuity improved to 20/667,but optic atrophy was present.CONCLUSION Systemic administration of linezolid in the treatment of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis can improve visual acuity.However,intravitreal amikacin should be considered despite concerns of toxicity when oral linezolid fails to prompt improvement.展开更多
Background Proactive infection control management is crucial in preventing the introduction of multiple drug resistant organisms in the healthcare setting. In Hong Kong, where vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） ...Background Proactive infection control management is crucial in preventing the introduction of multiple drug resistant organisms in the healthcare setting. In Hong Kong, where vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） endemicity is not yet established, contact tracing and screening, together with other infection control measures are essential in limiting intra- and inter-hospital transmission. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures used to eradicate a VRE outbreak in a hospital network in Hong Kong. Methods We described an outbreak of VRE in a healthcare region in Hong Kong, involving a University affiliated hospital and a convalescent hospital of 1600 and 550 beds respectively. Computer-assisted analysis was utilized to facilitate contact tracing, followed by VRE screening using chromogenic agar. Multi-locus sequence typing （MLST） was performed to assess the clonality of the VRE strains isolated. A case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of VRE. Results Between November 26 and December 17, 2011, 11 patients （1 exogenous case and 10 secondary cases） in two hospitals with VRE colonization were detected during our outbreak investigation and screening for 361 contact patients, resulting in a clinical attack rate of 2.8% （10/361）. There were 8 males and 3 females with a median age of 78 years （range, 40-87 years）. MLST confirmed sequence type ST414 in all isolates. Case-control analysis demonstrated that VRE positive cases had a significantly longer cumulative length of stay （P 〈0.001）, a higher proportion with chronic cerebral and cardiopulmonary conditions （P=0.001）, underlying malignancies （P 〈0.001）, and presence of urinary catheter （P 〈0.001）, wound or ulcer （P 〈0.001）, and a greater proportion of these patients were receiving β-lactam/ β-1actamase inhibitors （P=0.009）, carbapenem group （P 〈0.001）, fluoroquinolones （P=0.003）, or vancomycin （P=0.001） when compared with the controls. Conclusion Extensive contact tracing and screening with a ＂search-and-confine＂ strategy was a successful tool for outbreak control in our healthcare reqion.展开更多
Background:Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis is one of the most severe events in postneurosurgical intracranial infections.There are no guidelines recommending an appropriate treatment before.Cas...Background:Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis is one of the most severe events in postneurosurgical intracranial infections.There are no guidelines recommending an appropriate treatment before.Case presentation:This case presents a successful linezolid treatment for post-neurosurgical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis of a 24-year-old man in the department of neurosurgery,Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Conclusions:Linezolid should be considered as one of the important methods for the treatment of postneurosurgical intracranial infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.展开更多
对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行富集培养,从混合菌群中筛选高效产絮凝细菌。经过5次平板分离,获得一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的产絮凝细菌W17。根据形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Enterococcus sp.W17（Genebank号...对采自天津潮间带的污泥进行富集培养,从混合菌群中筛选高效产絮凝细菌。经过5次平板分离,获得一株对高岭土悬浊液具有较高絮凝活性的产絮凝细菌W17。根据形态观察和16S r RNA基因序列分析,该菌株鉴定为Enterococcus sp.W17（Genebank号KP198609）。在不同碳源（葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、乳糖、纤维素和淀粉）、起始p H值（5.0~10.0）和盐度（4‰~70‰）等培养条件下,分别测定菌株W17生长和产絮凝性质。结果表明,菌株W17能够利用多种碳源进行生长和产絮凝,其中葡萄糖是菌株W17生长和产絮凝的最适碳源。在起始p H值5.0~10.0范围内,菌株W17产絮凝的最适起始p H值是6.0,絮凝率可达到（91±5.83）%。菌株W17在设定盐度范围内,都能够生长并具有产絮凝性质,该菌株表现出较强的耐盐性。在淡水和海水培养条件下,菌株W17的产絮凝率分别是（94±5.50）%和（87±5.67）%。产絮凝菌株W17有望应该用于废水特别是高盐废水的处理。展开更多
BACKGROUND The survival of microorganisms on textiles and specifically on healthcare profes-sionals’(HCP)attire has been demonstrated in several studies.The ability of microorganisms to adhere and remain on textiles ...BACKGROUND The survival of microorganisms on textiles and specifically on healthcare profes-sionals’(HCP)attire has been demonstrated in several studies.The ability of microorganisms to adhere and remain on textiles for up to hours or days raises questions as to their possible role in transmission from textile to skin via HCP to patients.AIM To evaluate the presence,survival and transmission of different multidrug-resistant bacteria(MDRB)from HCP attire onto skin.METHODS Three MDRB[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA);vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE);carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,(CRKP)]were inoculated on textiles from scrubs(60%cotton-40%polyester)and white coat(100%cotton)at concentrations of 108 colony-forming units(CFU),105 CFU,and 103 CFU per mL.The inoculation of swatches was divided in time intervals of 1 min,5 min,15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,5 h,and 6 h.At the end of each period,textiles were imprinted onto pig skins and each skin square was inverted onto three different selective chromogenic media.Growth from the pig skin squares was recorded for the 3 MDRB at the three above concentrations,for the whole length of the 6-h experiment.RESULTS MRSA was recovered from pig skins at all concentrations for the whole duration of the 6-h study.VRE was recovered from the concentration of 108 CFU/mL for 6 h and from 105 CFU/mL for up to 3 h,while showing no growth at 103 CFU/mL.CRKP was recovered from 108 CFU/mL for 6 h,up to 30 min from 105 CFU/mL and for 1 min from the concentration of 103 CFU/mL.CONCLUSION Evidence from the current study shows that MRSA can persist on textiles and transmit to skin for 6 h even at low concentrations.The fact that all MDRB can be sustained and transferred to skin even at lower concentrations,supports that textiles are implicated as vectors of bacterial spread.展开更多
Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and...Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and other are an incredible source of novel pharmacologically active compounds. Herein, the antimicrobial activity (extract/fractions) of the invasive stony coralTubastraea coccinea was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 21 microbial strains (ATCC and clinical strains). Micro broth dilution was used to determinate the MIC of the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. Bioautography assay was also performed. Our results showed that the n-butanol (BF) and aqueous fractions (AF) showed activity against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.25 and 250 μg/mL),Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 125 and 500 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, BF fraction was also effective against the clinical strains S. aureus(MIC 62.5 μg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase—KPC (MIC 125 μg/mL), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis—VRE (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). The ratio MBC/MIC reinforces the bactericidal profile of BF fraction. The bioautography assay of BF fraction showed the presence of antimicrobial components at R<sub>f</sub>0.55.展开更多
目的探讨酒精滥用与非酒精滥用成人重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者微生物学感染指标检查结果的差异以及酒精滥用与其差异的关系。方法收集的研究对象数据来源于重症监护医学信息市场Ⅲ(medical information mart for intensiv...目的探讨酒精滥用与非酒精滥用成人重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者微生物学感染指标检查结果的差异以及酒精滥用与其差异的关系。方法收集的研究对象数据来源于重症监护医学信息市场Ⅲ(medical information mart for intensive careⅢ,MIMIC-Ⅲ)数据库。筛选出存在微生物学感染指标检查结果的成年患者,按照是否为酒精滥用分为两组,使用倾向性评分进行匹配,匹配方法为最近邻匹配,匹配比例为1∶1,卡钳值为0.02,评估匹配后两组患者微生物学感染指标检查结果的异同。非正态分布的计量资料采用M(Q1,Q3)表示,两组比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料的比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果与非酒精滥用组相比,匹配后酒精滥用组使用机械通气比例较高[47.06%(1379/2930)与52.66%(1543/2930),χ^(2)=18.14,P<0.001];痰液标本中检测阳性患者比例较高[44.30%(400/903)与49.41%(501/1014),χ^(2)=4.81,P=0.028];而在其他标本中检测阳性比例较低[26.85%(653/2432)与21.67%(541/2496),χ^(2)=17.69,P<0.001]。在血液标本中,酒精滥用组检测出革兰阴性菌比例较低[26.87%(126/469)与17.25%(74/429),χ^(2)=11.42,P<0.001],而检测出革兰阳性菌比例较高[78.46%(368/469)与86.01%(369/429),χ^(2)=8.17,P=0.004]。酒精滥用组中检测出铜绿假单胞菌[3.75%(110/2930)与2.08%(61/2930),χ^(2)=13.88,P<0.001]和肠球菌属细菌[8.19%(240/2930)与6.45%(189/2930),χ^(2)=6.29,P=0.012]的患者占比较非酒精滥用组低,而检测出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌[2.32%(68/2930)与3.28%(96/2930),χ^(2)=4.57,P=0.032]及流感嗜血杆菌[1.30%(38/2930)与2.01%(59/2930),χ^(2)=4.19,P=0.041]的患者占比较高。对于金黄色葡萄球菌[61.10%(322/527)与52.66%(267/507),χ^(2)=7.16,P=0.007]和肠球菌属细菌[75.83%(160/211)与63.64%(56/88),χ^(2)=4.02,P=0.045],酒精滥用组对左氧氟沙星的耐药率较低;对于大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,酒精滥用组对头孢菌素类抗生素的耐药率较低(均P<0.001)。结论存在酒精滥用可能增加成人ICU患者使用机械通气的风险,酒精滥用患者可能较易发生呼吸道感染。酒精滥用患者合并血液感染检测出革兰阴性菌比例较低,但革兰阳性菌比例较高,并且酒精滥用可能增加感染流感嗜血杆菌及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的风险。酒精滥用患者感染的金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌属细菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对多数抗生素耐药率要低于非酒精滥用患者。展开更多
Host associated probiotics(HAPs)provide health benefits to the host when administered as dietary supplement.However,a short-term probiotics application strategy has yet to be optimized.A 90-days study was conducted to...Host associated probiotics(HAPs)provide health benefits to the host when administered as dietary supplement.However,a short-term probiotics application strategy has yet to be optimized.A 90-days study was conducted to evaluate the response of Malaysian mahseer,Tor tambroides post larvae fed with basal diet enriched HAPs for 30-days,and its response following another 60-days feeding with only basal diet.Three experimental diets(Enterococcus faecalis strain 2674(T1),Aeromonas sp.strain A8-29(T2)and E.faecalis strain FC11682(T3))were prepared by spray-coating each HAPs on a basal diet at 1×108 CFU/g feed.Differences in growth performances,whole-body proximate and fatty acid composition,muscle morphometry,and gut morphology were evaluated.Results showed that after 30 days,T3 fish produced highest growth.All HAP treatment groups showed better muscle distribution profile,improved fatty acid composition,and higher villus length,width and area,than control group.After 90 days,the growth of T3 fish was still the highest.Muscle distribution profile and villus growth were higher in HAP treatments,although only total n-6 PUFA,total MUFA,linoleic acids,and linolenic acids in HAP treated fish remained high after probiotics withdrawal.No difference in whole-body proximate composition was observed in both 30 and 90 days.Collective findings demonstrated that short-term application of HAPs at an early stage could be used to boost T.tambroides growth,with E.faecalis strain FC11682 showing the best efficacy.展开更多
文摘Background and Objective: In recent years, control of Enterococcus sp. It has been proven in the local medical environment to be a cause of acquired septicemia in various age groups, and medical instruments are considered an effective means of transmitting enterococcal septicemia, and catheters are at the forefront in terms of danger. Based on this risk, this study aimed to monitor the spread of Enterococcus sp., which causes blood poisoning acquired from catheters, and to compare its response to antibiotics with that of those isolated from clinical samples in children, as a first study locally. The effectiveness of alkaloids of different types of Papaver sp. In Syrian plants, they were tested against infection with this bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study dealt with two parts: The first part included collecting clinical samples from the University Children’s Hospital in Damascus/bacterial diagnostic laboratories/then isolating and diagnosing the bacteria by following a set of tests to identify the most prevalent genera and species and comparing their prevalence rate with Enterococcus. The second part;It included collecting plant samples, confirming the species taxonomically, then extracting alkaloids from plant parts (fruit, stem, Flowers), then comparing the extent of resistance of bacterial strains to antibiotics compared to the Enterococcus sp., and then confirming the antibacterial activity of the Papaver sp. alkaloids against Enterococcus sp. Result:In its first part, the study confirmed the significant contribution of the Enterococcus sp. to infections acquired from various sources, largely in catheter tip infections (9.09%) and to a lesser extent in other sources (3.7%), The second part was to confirm the effective-ness of the alkaloid extract of the Papaver sp., especially the two species Papaver syriacum, and Papaver dubium, against Enterococcus sp. with areole diameters that ranged between (15 - 26 mm) for the fruit extract and at a minimum inhibitory concentration (3.12 - 6.25 mml) and then the stem (5 - 20 mm). And the effectiveness of the Flowers extract is very weak to almost non-existent. Conclusions: The catheter and medical sources surrounding the patient constitute a dangerous source of multi-resistant Enterococcus sp., which poses a real threat to the lives of children, with new mechanisms represented by colonization of the skin and the ability to form biofilms Surfaces of medical instruments, with are resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. As an alternative and effective modern source to limit its spread in the future, the alkaloid extract of the fruits and stems of the wild Papaver sp. has proven a strong antibiotic effect, especially the two types: Papaver syriacum and Papaver dubium.
基金supported by the funds of Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2017/SKK11/UPM/01/1) and Putra Grant (GP/2017/9571800)
文摘Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.
文摘Resistance against commonly used antibiotics is a serious clinical problem in recent medical practice. There exist several bacterial strains in which the possibilities of their inhibition are very limited due to multidrug resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) represents an option how to effectively suppress the growth of resistant pathogens. In this work we have studied interactions of potent photosensitizer hypericin (Hyp) with hospital-related gram positive (Gram+) and gram negative (Gram-) bacterial strains and the effects of photodynamic activated Hyp on bacterial susceptibility and/or resistance of these strains to antibiotics. We demonstrated a significant influence of photoactivated Hyp on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. We have also shown that it is extremely important to use the effective concentrations of Hyp for aPDT, which completely inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Otherwise, there appears an increase in resistance, probably due to the activation of efflux mechanisms, which are involved in the efflux of Hyp and antibiotics as well.
文摘The interest in synthesising inorganic nanomaterials for biological applications has increased in recent years, especially for antibacterial purposes. In the present study, spherical and cube-shaped copper nanoparticles were synthesised by a chemical reduction method and their efficacy as anfimicrobial agents against both Gram-negative （Escherichia coli） and Gram-positive （Enterococcus sp.） organisms investigated. The nanoparticles were characterised using ultraviolet/ visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Copper nanocubes were found to be more antimicrobial when compared with copper nanospheres, and it is postulated that whilst both sets of nanoparticles have similar total surface areas, the different shapes have different active facets and surface energies, which may lead to differing bactericidal behaviour.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72304275 and No.82273696).
文摘Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.Methods This retrospective study was performed between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2021.Data covering the consumption of vancomycin,the prevalence of vancomycin resistance,and relevant demographics were collected.Spearman's rank correlation,beta regression,and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.Results Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE_(fm)).Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption,rural population,proportion of population aged≥65,annual temperature,and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_(fm)prevalence(r=56.22,p<0.001;r=0.0002,p<0.001;r=0.06,p<0.001;r=−0.07,p<0.001;and r=−0.37,p<0.001,respectively).Conclusions Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_(fm)resistance;the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged≥65 were significant but relatively minimal.Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_(fm).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81660169
文摘BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococci is rare,and cases involving vancomycinresistant enterococci are even rarer.We report the first case of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis associated with injury caused by a pig.We also review reported cases of exogenous endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus casseliflavus and discuss the clinical management and prognosis of this disease.CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old man with no previous visual problems complained of endophthalmitis in his left eye following injury caused by a pig.Visual acuity was light perception and B-ultrasonography revealed vitreous opacities with retinal detachment.He was treated with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime after refusing vitrectomy.However,the vitreous opacities and retinal detachment deteriorated and he underwent vitrectomy 5 d post-injury.Intraoperatively,advanced rhegmatogenous and tractional retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy were observed.On postoperative day 5,vitreous cultures grew Gram-positive cocci identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus.A 2-wk course of intravenous ampicillin and dexamethasone was commenced.On postoperative day 14,visual acuity improved to hand movement.At 6 mo post-injury,visual acuity improved to 20/667,but optic atrophy was present.CONCLUSION Systemic administration of linezolid in the treatment of Enterococcus casseliflavus endophthalmitis can improve visual acuity.However,intravitreal amikacin should be considered despite concerns of toxicity when oral linezolid fails to prompt improvement.
文摘Background Proactive infection control management is crucial in preventing the introduction of multiple drug resistant organisms in the healthcare setting. In Hong Kong, where vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） endemicity is not yet established, contact tracing and screening, together with other infection control measures are essential in limiting intra- and inter-hospital transmission. The objective of this study was to illustrate the control measures used to eradicate a VRE outbreak in a hospital network in Hong Kong. Methods We described an outbreak of VRE in a healthcare region in Hong Kong, involving a University affiliated hospital and a convalescent hospital of 1600 and 550 beds respectively. Computer-assisted analysis was utilized to facilitate contact tracing, followed by VRE screening using chromogenic agar. Multi-locus sequence typing （MLST） was performed to assess the clonality of the VRE strains isolated. A case-control study was conducted to identify the risk factors for nosocomial acquisition of VRE. Results Between November 26 and December 17, 2011, 11 patients （1 exogenous case and 10 secondary cases） in two hospitals with VRE colonization were detected during our outbreak investigation and screening for 361 contact patients, resulting in a clinical attack rate of 2.8% （10/361）. There were 8 males and 3 females with a median age of 78 years （range, 40-87 years）. MLST confirmed sequence type ST414 in all isolates. Case-control analysis demonstrated that VRE positive cases had a significantly longer cumulative length of stay （P 〈0.001）, a higher proportion with chronic cerebral and cardiopulmonary conditions （P=0.001）, underlying malignancies （P 〈0.001）, and presence of urinary catheter （P 〈0.001）, wound or ulcer （P 〈0.001）, and a greater proportion of these patients were receiving β-lactam/ β-1actamase inhibitors （P=0.009）, carbapenem group （P 〈0.001）, fluoroquinolones （P=0.003）, or vancomycin （P=0.001） when compared with the controls. Conclusion Extensive contact tracing and screening with a ＂search-and-confine＂ strategy was a successful tool for outbreak control in our healthcare reqion.
文摘Background:Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis is one of the most severe events in postneurosurgical intracranial infections.There are no guidelines recommending an appropriate treatment before.Case presentation:This case presents a successful linezolid treatment for post-neurosurgical vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ventriculitis of a 24-year-old man in the department of neurosurgery,Beijing Tiantan Hospital.Conclusions:Linezolid should be considered as one of the important methods for the treatment of postneurosurgical intracranial infections caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.
文摘BACKGROUND The survival of microorganisms on textiles and specifically on healthcare profes-sionals’(HCP)attire has been demonstrated in several studies.The ability of microorganisms to adhere and remain on textiles for up to hours or days raises questions as to their possible role in transmission from textile to skin via HCP to patients.AIM To evaluate the presence,survival and transmission of different multidrug-resistant bacteria(MDRB)from HCP attire onto skin.METHODS Three MDRB[methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA);vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE);carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae,(CRKP)]were inoculated on textiles from scrubs(60%cotton-40%polyester)and white coat(100%cotton)at concentrations of 108 colony-forming units(CFU),105 CFU,and 103 CFU per mL.The inoculation of swatches was divided in time intervals of 1 min,5 min,15 min,30 min,1 h,2 h,3 h,4 h,5 h,and 6 h.At the end of each period,textiles were imprinted onto pig skins and each skin square was inverted onto three different selective chromogenic media.Growth from the pig skin squares was recorded for the 3 MDRB at the three above concentrations,for the whole length of the 6-h experiment.RESULTS MRSA was recovered from pig skins at all concentrations for the whole duration of the 6-h study.VRE was recovered from the concentration of 108 CFU/mL for 6 h and from 105 CFU/mL for up to 3 h,while showing no growth at 103 CFU/mL.CRKP was recovered from 108 CFU/mL for 6 h,up to 30 min from 105 CFU/mL and for 1 min from the concentration of 103 CFU/mL.CONCLUSION Evidence from the current study shows that MRSA can persist on textiles and transmit to skin for 6 h even at low concentrations.The fact that all MDRB can be sustained and transferred to skin even at lower concentrations,supports that textiles are implicated as vectors of bacterial spread.
文摘Bacterial infection is considered to be one of the most critical health issues of the world. It is essential to overcome this problem by the development of new drugs. Marine organisms as corals, sponges, seaweeds, and other are an incredible source of novel pharmacologically active compounds. Herein, the antimicrobial activity (extract/fractions) of the invasive stony coralTubastraea coccinea was evaluated by the disk diffusion method against 21 microbial strains (ATCC and clinical strains). Micro broth dilution was used to determinate the MIC of the fractions that showed antimicrobial activity by the disk diffusion method. Bioautography assay was also performed. Our results showed that the n-butanol (BF) and aqueous fractions (AF) showed activity against ATCC strains Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 31.25 and 250 μg/mL),Salmonella typhimurium (MIC 125 and 500 μg/mL), Escherichia coli (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 62.5 and 500 μg/mL), respectively. Moreover, BF fraction was also effective against the clinical strains S. aureus(MIC 62.5 μg/mL), Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase—KPC (MIC 125 μg/mL), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus—MRSA (MIC 125 μg/mL) and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis—VRE (MIC 62.5 μg/mL). The ratio MBC/MIC reinforces the bactericidal profile of BF fraction. The bioautography assay of BF fraction showed the presence of antimicrobial components at R<sub>f</sub>0.55.
文摘目的探讨酒精滥用与非酒精滥用成人重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)患者微生物学感染指标检查结果的差异以及酒精滥用与其差异的关系。方法收集的研究对象数据来源于重症监护医学信息市场Ⅲ(medical information mart for intensive careⅢ,MIMIC-Ⅲ)数据库。筛选出存在微生物学感染指标检查结果的成年患者,按照是否为酒精滥用分为两组,使用倾向性评分进行匹配,匹配方法为最近邻匹配,匹配比例为1∶1,卡钳值为0.02,评估匹配后两组患者微生物学感染指标检查结果的异同。非正态分布的计量资料采用M(Q1,Q3)表示,两组比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验;计数资料的比较采用χ^(2)检验或Fisher确切概率法。结果与非酒精滥用组相比,匹配后酒精滥用组使用机械通气比例较高[47.06%(1379/2930)与52.66%(1543/2930),χ^(2)=18.14,P<0.001];痰液标本中检测阳性患者比例较高[44.30%(400/903)与49.41%(501/1014),χ^(2)=4.81,P=0.028];而在其他标本中检测阳性比例较低[26.85%(653/2432)与21.67%(541/2496),χ^(2)=17.69,P<0.001]。在血液标本中,酒精滥用组检测出革兰阴性菌比例较低[26.87%(126/469)与17.25%(74/429),χ^(2)=11.42,P<0.001],而检测出革兰阳性菌比例较高[78.46%(368/469)与86.01%(369/429),χ^(2)=8.17,P=0.004]。酒精滥用组中检测出铜绿假单胞菌[3.75%(110/2930)与2.08%(61/2930),χ^(2)=13.88,P<0.001]和肠球菌属细菌[8.19%(240/2930)与6.45%(189/2930),χ^(2)=6.29,P=0.012]的患者占比较非酒精滥用组低,而检测出耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌[2.32%(68/2930)与3.28%(96/2930),χ^(2)=4.57,P=0.032]及流感嗜血杆菌[1.30%(38/2930)与2.01%(59/2930),χ^(2)=4.19,P=0.041]的患者占比较高。对于金黄色葡萄球菌[61.10%(322/527)与52.66%(267/507),χ^(2)=7.16,P=0.007]和肠球菌属细菌[75.83%(160/211)与63.64%(56/88),χ^(2)=4.02,P=0.045],酒精滥用组对左氧氟沙星的耐药率较低;对于大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌,酒精滥用组对头孢菌素类抗生素的耐药率较低(均P<0.001)。结论存在酒精滥用可能增加成人ICU患者使用机械通气的风险,酒精滥用患者可能较易发生呼吸道感染。酒精滥用患者合并血液感染检测出革兰阴性菌比例较低,但革兰阳性菌比例较高,并且酒精滥用可能增加感染流感嗜血杆菌及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的风险。酒精滥用患者感染的金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌属细菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及肺炎克雷伯菌对多数抗生素耐药率要低于非酒精滥用患者。
基金funded by Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under the Research Intensified Grant Scheme(RIGS VOT NO 55192/5).
文摘Host associated probiotics(HAPs)provide health benefits to the host when administered as dietary supplement.However,a short-term probiotics application strategy has yet to be optimized.A 90-days study was conducted to evaluate the response of Malaysian mahseer,Tor tambroides post larvae fed with basal diet enriched HAPs for 30-days,and its response following another 60-days feeding with only basal diet.Three experimental diets(Enterococcus faecalis strain 2674(T1),Aeromonas sp.strain A8-29(T2)and E.faecalis strain FC11682(T3))were prepared by spray-coating each HAPs on a basal diet at 1×108 CFU/g feed.Differences in growth performances,whole-body proximate and fatty acid composition,muscle morphometry,and gut morphology were evaluated.Results showed that after 30 days,T3 fish produced highest growth.All HAP treatment groups showed better muscle distribution profile,improved fatty acid composition,and higher villus length,width and area,than control group.After 90 days,the growth of T3 fish was still the highest.Muscle distribution profile and villus growth were higher in HAP treatments,although only total n-6 PUFA,total MUFA,linoleic acids,and linolenic acids in HAP treated fish remained high after probiotics withdrawal.No difference in whole-body proximate composition was observed in both 30 and 90 days.Collective findings demonstrated that short-term application of HAPs at an early stage could be used to boost T.tambroides growth,with E.faecalis strain FC11682 showing the best efficacy.
