Background： Vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） are a major and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen associated with high mortality, particularly among the critically ill and Intensive Care Units （ICUs） patient...Background： Vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） are a major and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen associated with high mortality, particularly among the critically ill and Intensive Care Units （ICUs） patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and demographic and clinical characteristics of VRE among patients admitted to a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods： A study was conducted during the period from September 2014 to November 2015 at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, including in-patients with VRE infection. Data were collected using laboratory results and the medical records of admitted patients and were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 statistical software. Results： In a one-year period, 231 enterococci were isolated from blood, urine, exudates, sputum, stool, and body fluid. There were 191 （82.7%） vancomycin-sensitive enterococci （VSE） and 40 （I 7.3%） isolates were VRE. The Enterococcus species included E.faecalis 168 （72.7%）, E.faecium, 53 （22.8%） E. gallinarum 5 （2.2%）, and E. avium 5 （2.2%）. VRE were more significant from blood specimens （P 〈 0.000 I） while VSE were significantly more predominant from urine specimens （P 〈 0.0001）. VRE were more commonly isolated from patients in ICUs and oncology unit （P = 0.0151 and P 〈 0.001, respectively） while VSE were more predominant in the medical and surgical areas （P = 0.0178 and P = 0.0178, respectively）. Conclusions： This study highlights the high prevalence of VRE in the hospital and the association of enterococcal infections with high-risk areas and oncology units, which warrant more studies looking for better management of these infections.展开更多
The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few c...The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. We are reporting a 59-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure who was on hemodialysis. He presented with a sudden onset of fever, tachycardia and respiratory distress. The performed echocardiography revealed vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. As he was diagnosed to have infective endocarditis the patient was put on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. He underwent an emergent mitral and aortic valve surgery due to ensued heart failure. While he was still on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy, E. gallinarum, which was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 8 mg/L), was isolated from the surgical valve specimens and hence his antibiotic regime was switched to teicoplanin (MIC < 0.5 mg/L). 28 days after teicoplanin therapy the patient was discharged with free of symptoms and any complication. This patient is presented as an example for an endocarditis with an unusual type of enterococci.展开更多
Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomy...Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.展开更多
Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and...Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.展开更多
Aim： To study the influence of enterococci on human sperm membrane in vitro. Methods： Ejaculated human sperm were artificially infected with β-hemolytic or non-β-hemolytic enterococci at the bacteria： sperm ratio...Aim： To study the influence of enterococci on human sperm membrane in vitro. Methods： Ejaculated human sperm were artificially infected with β-hemolytic or non-β-hemolytic enterococci at the bacteria： sperm ratio of 50：1 at 37℃. Sperm membrane integrity was examined after incubation for 1, 3 and 5 h by hypoosmotic swelling （HOS） test and electron microscopy. Results： Sperm infected with β-hemolytic enterococci had lower HOS scores compared with non-β-hemolytic strains or uninfected control （P 〈 0.01）. The HOS test scores of sperm infected with β-hemolytic enterococci increased in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, an inhibitor of hemolysin. Non-β-hemolytic strains showed no significant difference in swelling rate, compared with the control group （P 〉 0.05）. It was shown by electron microscopy that β-hemolytic enterococci caused significant rupture of human sperm membrane. Conclusion： β-hemolytic enterococci caused human sperm membrane injury, and might be mediated by the hemolysin of enterococci.展开更多
Culturable faecal coliform, epidemic, clinical, faecal and recreational beach enterococci strains possessing putative virulence genes were enumerated over the course of 5 weeks to comparatively assess their persistenc...Culturable faecal coliform, epidemic, clinical, faecal and recreational beach enterococci strains possessing putative virulence genes were enumerated over the course of 5 weeks to comparatively assess their persistence in tropical marine and fresh waters. For the clinical and epidemic strains tested, it took 2.38 ± 0.45 days for a 1-log reduction (T90) in marine water. A higher T90 average of 2.51 ± 0.08 was observed for the commensal and environmental strains. Generally, lower T90 values of 2.14 ± 0.26 and 2.15 ± 0.16 days respectively were observed for hospital and community acquired enterococci strains in fresh water mesocosms subjected to tropical ambient temperature. Beach water enterococci and enterococci recovered from faeces of humans survived for up to 20 days and 23 days respectively in fresh and marine waters. The epidemic strain, MMH594, an esp-positive clinical bacteremia isolate that previously caused multiple infections in a hospital ward outbreak fares favourably well in tropical marine and fresh aquatic environments. For enterococci, the decay rate was approximately 13% higher in fresh water than was observed for marine water. On the contrary, for E. coli, the decay rate was approximately 17% lower in fresh water than was observed in marine water. Generally, the whole, the population trends of E. coli and enterococci in fresh and marine water mesocosms did not reveal any evidence of growth. Our findings suggest that potentially pathogenic bacteria can resume active growth after three weeks of being harboured by the reservoir-beach sand and still pose threat to public health.展开更多
The emergence of daptomycin non-susceptible enterococci(DNSE) poses both treatment and infection control challenges.Clinicians should be vigilant that DNSE may be isolated from patients with or without(de novo DNSE) p...The emergence of daptomycin non-susceptible enterococci(DNSE) poses both treatment and infection control challenges.Clinicians should be vigilant that DNSE may be isolated from patients with or without(de novo DNSE) prior use of daptomycin.Recent epidemiological data suggest the presence of a community reservoir for DNSE which may be associated with environmental,foodborne and agricultural exposures.The mechanisms of nonsusceptibility to daptomycin have not been well characterized and may not parallel those for Staphylococcus aureus.The identification of daptomycin resistance genes in anaerobes,in farm animals and in an ecosystem that has been isolated for million years,suggest that the environmental reservoir for de novo DNSE may be larger than previously thought.Herein,the limited available scientific evidence regarding the possible origin of de novo DNSE is discussed.The current existing evidence is not sufficient to draw firm conclusions on the origin of DNSE.Further studies to determine the mechanisms of de novo daptomycin nonsusceptibility among enterococci are needed.展开更多
Introduction: Enterococci are members of the healthy human intestinal flora, but are also leading causes of highly antibiotic-resistant infections. Serious enterococcal infections are often difficult to treat since th...Introduction: Enterococci are members of the healthy human intestinal flora, but are also leading causes of highly antibiotic-resistant infections. Serious enterococcal infections are often difficult to treat since the organisms have a tremendous capacity to acquire resistance to penicillin, high concentration of aminoglycoside & vancomycin. Careful review of in vitro susceptibility data is required to treat infections caused by MDR Enterococci. Therefore we conducted the study to find out prevalence of MDR Enterococci. Aims & Objectives: To study the prevalence of Vancomycin resistance, High Level Streptomycin Resistance (HLSR) & High Level Gentamicin Resistance (HLGR) in different enterococcal isolates. Materials & Methods: Total 180 enterococcal isolates were studied. Identification was done by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar and results were interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. HLSR & HLGR was determined by disc diffusion method using high level Gentamicin disc (120 μg) & Streptomycin (300 μg) discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for Vancomycin was done by vancomycin E test strips. Results: Total 180 entetococcal isolates were studied. E. faecalis was 60%, E. faecium was 32.2%, E. durans and E. raffinosus were 4.4% & 3.3% respectively. Enterococcus fecium showed resistance in high percentage as compared to E. faecalis. 15 isolates were found to be vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: Resistance to aminoglycoside is of great concern. Regular screening of enterococcal isolates for vancomycin resistance detection should be implemented. It is very important to implement infection control measures, screening of health care workers, surveillance cultures in intensive care units which can control spread of multidrug resistant enterococci.展开更多
This study aims to generate data which can be used as a potential starting point for the updating of the Philippine Water Quality Criteria and the determination of the true impact of land use to the fecal contaminatio...This study aims to generate data which can be used as a potential starting point for the updating of the Philippine Water Quality Criteria and the determination of the true impact of land use to the fecal contamination of the Pampanga River Basin (PRB), the largest subwatershed of Manila Bay. Levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were determined in the selected tributaries of the PRB, representing three land use categories, namely, the forest/woodland (control), agricultural and residential lands. FIB were quantified in order to investigate the potential contribution of the selected areas in the fecal contamination of the PRB. The study was conducted in 2021 covering March, May, June, July, and September to represent the dry (March and May) and wet (June, July, and September) seasons. Counts of FIB, namely thermotolerant coliform, E. coli, and enterococci were qualitatively correlated with the results of the ocular survey and key informant interview based on known fecal contributors and their relevant rainfall data. FIB counts of water bodies in the selected agricultural and residential land use categories had Geometric Mean (GM) counts that are statistically greater than those of bodies of water near the representative forest/woodland (control), and exceeded the acceptable GM limits for all FIB, regardless of the season. Notably, the GM values recorded for the waters near the selected forest/woodland (control) passed the water quality criteria for all measured FIB parameters for both seasons. Furthermore, enterococci levels in the control site were statistically lower during the wet season. These initial findings suggest that agricultural and residential land use categories could be major contributors to the unacceptable water quality of tributaries of the Pampanga River Basin. The prevalence of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli was noted regardless of rainfall and land use, indicating these FIB may not be adequate as water quality indicators. With their ability to survive and persist in fecally contaminated sediments in water bodies and in nutrient-poor environments, enterococci could be more definitive indicators of fecal contamination and microbiological quality of environmental waters.展开更多
Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic f...Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.Methods This retrospective study was performed between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2021.Data covering the consumption of vancomycin,the prevalence of vancomycin resistance,and relevant demographics were collected.Spearman's rank correlation,beta regression,and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.Results Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE_(fm)).Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption,rural population,proportion of population aged≥65,annual temperature,and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_(fm)prevalence(r=56.22,p<0.001;r=0.0002,p<0.001;r=0.06,p<0.001;r=−0.07,p<0.001;and r=−0.37,p<0.001,respectively).Conclusions Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_(fm)resistance;the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged≥65 were significant but relatively minimal.Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_(fm).展开更多
文摘Background： Vancomycin-resistant enterococci （VRE） are a major and emerging hospital-acquired pathogen associated with high mortality, particularly among the critically ill and Intensive Care Units （ICUs） patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and demographic and clinical characteristics of VRE among patients admitted to a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods： A study was conducted during the period from September 2014 to November 2015 at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, including in-patients with VRE infection. Data were collected using laboratory results and the medical records of admitted patients and were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 statistical software. Results： In a one-year period, 231 enterococci were isolated from blood, urine, exudates, sputum, stool, and body fluid. There were 191 （82.7%） vancomycin-sensitive enterococci （VSE） and 40 （I 7.3%） isolates were VRE. The Enterococcus species included E.faecalis 168 （72.7%）, E.faecium, 53 （22.8%） E. gallinarum 5 （2.2%）, and E. avium 5 （2.2%）. VRE were more significant from blood specimens （P 〈 0.000 I） while VSE were significantly more predominant from urine specimens （P 〈 0.0001）. VRE were more commonly isolated from patients in ICUs and oncology unit （P = 0.0151 and P 〈 0.001, respectively） while VSE were more predominant in the medical and surgical areas （P = 0.0178 and P = 0.0178, respectively）. Conclusions： This study highlights the high prevalence of VRE in the hospital and the association of enterococcal infections with high-risk areas and oncology units, which warrant more studies looking for better management of these infections.
文摘The first described vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) was about twenty years ago. Recently VRE have been reported by many clinics. However endocarditis due to VRE is still a rare entity and there are only a few cases reported in the literature. We are reporting a 59-year-old male patient with chronic renal failure who was on hemodialysis. He presented with a sudden onset of fever, tachycardia and respiratory distress. The performed echocardiography revealed vegetations on the mitral and aortic valves. As he was diagnosed to have infective endocarditis the patient was put on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy. He underwent an emergent mitral and aortic valve surgery due to ensued heart failure. While he was still on ampicillin and gentamicin therapy, E. gallinarum, which was resistant to vancomycin (MIC = 8 mg/L), was isolated from the surgical valve specimens and hence his antibiotic regime was switched to teicoplanin (MIC < 0.5 mg/L). 28 days after teicoplanin therapy the patient was discharged with free of symptoms and any complication. This patient is presented as an example for an endocarditis with an unusual type of enterococci.
基金supported by the funds of Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia and Universiti Putra Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2017/SKK11/UPM/01/1) and Putra Grant (GP/2017/9571800)
文摘Objective:To determine the inhibition mechanisms of secretome protein extracted from Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10(Kp10)and Lactococcus lactis Gh1(Gh1)against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus(VRE).Methods:The sensitivity and viability of MRSA and VRE treated with secretome proteins of Kp10 and Gh1 were determined using minimal inhibitory concentration,minimum bactericidal concentration,and time-to-kill assays.The morphological changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.To elucidate the antimicrobial mechanism of secretome protein of Kp10 and Gh1 against MRSA and VRE,2D gel proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was run by comparing upregulated and downregulated proteins,and the proton motive force study including the efflux of ATP,pH gradient,and the membrane potential study were conducted.Results:MRSA and VRE were sensitive to Kp10 and Gh1 secretome protein extracts and displayed apparent morphological and internal composition changes.Several proteins associated with cellular component functions were either downregulated or upregulated in treated MRSA and VRE by changing the membrane potential gradient.Conclusions:Kp10 and Gh1 secretome proteins reduce the growth of VRE and MRSA by damaging the cell membrane.Cell division,cell wall biosynthesis,and protein synthesis are involved in the inhibition mechanism.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242149)Research Project on High Quality Development of Hospital Pharmacy,National Institute of Hospital Administration,NHC,China(NIHAYS2332)+1 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-199)Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH)(2024-1-4052).
文摘Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.
基金Acknowledgment This work was supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China （No. C0510008） and Science ＆ Technology Development Plan of Fujian Province, China （No. C0101080）.
文摘Aim： To study the influence of enterococci on human sperm membrane in vitro. Methods： Ejaculated human sperm were artificially infected with β-hemolytic or non-β-hemolytic enterococci at the bacteria： sperm ratio of 50：1 at 37℃. Sperm membrane integrity was examined after incubation for 1, 3 and 5 h by hypoosmotic swelling （HOS） test and electron microscopy. Results： Sperm infected with β-hemolytic enterococci had lower HOS scores compared with non-β-hemolytic strains or uninfected control （P 〈 0.01）. The HOS test scores of sperm infected with β-hemolytic enterococci increased in the presence of phosphatidylcholine, an inhibitor of hemolysin. Non-β-hemolytic strains showed no significant difference in swelling rate, compared with the control group （P 〉 0.05）. It was shown by electron microscopy that β-hemolytic enterococci caused significant rupture of human sperm membrane. Conclusion： β-hemolytic enterococci caused human sperm membrane injury, and might be mediated by the hemolysin of enterococci.
文摘Culturable faecal coliform, epidemic, clinical, faecal and recreational beach enterococci strains possessing putative virulence genes were enumerated over the course of 5 weeks to comparatively assess their persistence in tropical marine and fresh waters. For the clinical and epidemic strains tested, it took 2.38 ± 0.45 days for a 1-log reduction (T90) in marine water. A higher T90 average of 2.51 ± 0.08 was observed for the commensal and environmental strains. Generally, lower T90 values of 2.14 ± 0.26 and 2.15 ± 0.16 days respectively were observed for hospital and community acquired enterococci strains in fresh water mesocosms subjected to tropical ambient temperature. Beach water enterococci and enterococci recovered from faeces of humans survived for up to 20 days and 23 days respectively in fresh and marine waters. The epidemic strain, MMH594, an esp-positive clinical bacteremia isolate that previously caused multiple infections in a hospital ward outbreak fares favourably well in tropical marine and fresh aquatic environments. For enterococci, the decay rate was approximately 13% higher in fresh water than was observed for marine water. On the contrary, for E. coli, the decay rate was approximately 17% lower in fresh water than was observed in marine water. Generally, the whole, the population trends of E. coli and enterococci in fresh and marine water mesocosms did not reveal any evidence of growth. Our findings suggest that potentially pathogenic bacteria can resume active growth after three weeks of being harboured by the reservoir-beach sand and still pose threat to public health.
文摘The emergence of daptomycin non-susceptible enterococci(DNSE) poses both treatment and infection control challenges.Clinicians should be vigilant that DNSE may be isolated from patients with or without(de novo DNSE) prior use of daptomycin.Recent epidemiological data suggest the presence of a community reservoir for DNSE which may be associated with environmental,foodborne and agricultural exposures.The mechanisms of nonsusceptibility to daptomycin have not been well characterized and may not parallel those for Staphylococcus aureus.The identification of daptomycin resistance genes in anaerobes,in farm animals and in an ecosystem that has been isolated for million years,suggest that the environmental reservoir for de novo DNSE may be larger than previously thought.Herein,the limited available scientific evidence regarding the possible origin of de novo DNSE is discussed.The current existing evidence is not sufficient to draw firm conclusions on the origin of DNSE.Further studies to determine the mechanisms of de novo daptomycin nonsusceptibility among enterococci are needed.
文摘Introduction: Enterococci are members of the healthy human intestinal flora, but are also leading causes of highly antibiotic-resistant infections. Serious enterococcal infections are often difficult to treat since the organisms have a tremendous capacity to acquire resistance to penicillin, high concentration of aminoglycoside & vancomycin. Careful review of in vitro susceptibility data is required to treat infections caused by MDR Enterococci. Therefore we conducted the study to find out prevalence of MDR Enterococci. Aims & Objectives: To study the prevalence of Vancomycin resistance, High Level Streptomycin Resistance (HLSR) & High Level Gentamicin Resistance (HLGR) in different enterococcal isolates. Materials & Methods: Total 180 enterococcal isolates were studied. Identification was done by conventional biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller–Hinton agar and results were interpreted as per CLSI guidelines. HLSR & HLGR was determined by disc diffusion method using high level Gentamicin disc (120 μg) & Streptomycin (300 μg) discs. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for Vancomycin was done by vancomycin E test strips. Results: Total 180 entetococcal isolates were studied. E. faecalis was 60%, E. faecium was 32.2%, E. durans and E. raffinosus were 4.4% & 3.3% respectively. Enterococcus fecium showed resistance in high percentage as compared to E. faecalis. 15 isolates were found to be vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: Resistance to aminoglycoside is of great concern. Regular screening of enterococcal isolates for vancomycin resistance detection should be implemented. It is very important to implement infection control measures, screening of health care workers, surveillance cultures in intensive care units which can control spread of multidrug resistant enterococci.
文摘This study aims to generate data which can be used as a potential starting point for the updating of the Philippine Water Quality Criteria and the determination of the true impact of land use to the fecal contamination of the Pampanga River Basin (PRB), the largest subwatershed of Manila Bay. Levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were determined in the selected tributaries of the PRB, representing three land use categories, namely, the forest/woodland (control), agricultural and residential lands. FIB were quantified in order to investigate the potential contribution of the selected areas in the fecal contamination of the PRB. The study was conducted in 2021 covering March, May, June, July, and September to represent the dry (March and May) and wet (June, July, and September) seasons. Counts of FIB, namely thermotolerant coliform, E. coli, and enterococci were qualitatively correlated with the results of the ocular survey and key informant interview based on known fecal contributors and their relevant rainfall data. FIB counts of water bodies in the selected agricultural and residential land use categories had Geometric Mean (GM) counts that are statistically greater than those of bodies of water near the representative forest/woodland (control), and exceeded the acceptable GM limits for all FIB, regardless of the season. Notably, the GM values recorded for the waters near the selected forest/woodland (control) passed the water quality criteria for all measured FIB parameters for both seasons. Furthermore, enterococci levels in the control site were statistically lower during the wet season. These initial findings suggest that agricultural and residential land use categories could be major contributors to the unacceptable water quality of tributaries of the Pampanga River Basin. The prevalence of thermotolerant coliforms and E. coli was noted regardless of rainfall and land use, indicating these FIB may not be adequate as water quality indicators. With their ability to survive and persist in fecally contaminated sediments in water bodies and in nutrient-poor environments, enterococci could be more definitive indicators of fecal contamination and microbiological quality of environmental waters.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72304275 and No.82273696).
文摘Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci(VRE)are now considered a global public health issue.In this study,we explored the relationship between vancomycin resistance incidence and various demographic and climatic factors.Methods This retrospective study was performed between January 1st,2014 and December 31st,2021.Data covering the consumption of vancomycin,the prevalence of vancomycin resistance,and relevant demographics were collected.Spearman's rank correlation,beta regression,and spatial statistical analysis were performed using R version 4.2.2 and ArcGIS version 10.7.Results Spearman's rank correlation described the positive relation between vancomycin consumption and the prevalence of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium(VRE_(fm)).Multiple regression analysis showed that vancomycin consumption,rural population,proportion of population aged≥65,annual temperature,and bed number in medical institutions per thousand people were significantly correlated with VRE_(fm)prevalence(r=56.22,p<0.001;r=0.0002,p<0.001;r=0.06,p<0.001;r=−0.07,p<0.001;and r=−0.37,p<0.001,respectively).Conclusions Vancomycin utilization was the predominant factor contributing to VRE_(fm)resistance;the effects of rural populations and the proportion of the population aged≥65 were significant but relatively minimal.Annual temperature and the number of beds in medical institutions per thousand people were protective factors against VRE_(fm).
