The hydrologic simulation of a catchment area, described as the transformation of rainfall into runoff, generally uses hydrologic model. This work opts for the global conceptual hydrologic model GR2M, a monthly time s...The hydrologic simulation of a catchment area, described as the transformation of rainfall into runoff, generally uses hydrologic model. This work opts for the global conceptual hydrologic model GR2M, a monthly time step model, to study the Kouilou-Niari basin, the second most important ones of the Republic of Congo. This includes two parameters to model the hydrologic behavior of a catchment area. The choice of the conceptual model GR2M is justified by the reduced number of parameters and the monthly time scale. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristic parameters of the GR2M model, by a calibrating and a validating procedure. The use of these parameters enables to follow the evolution of the water resources from the climatic variables. It has been first carried out a characterization of some physical, geological and climatic factors governing the flow, by dealing with the main climatic variables which constitute the inputs of the hydrologic model. Then, a hydrologic rainfall-runoff modeling allows to calibrate and validate the model at monthly time scale. Taking into account the number of parameters involved in hydrologic processes and the complexity of the cathment area, this model gives acceptable results throughout the Kouilou-Niari basin. The values of the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion and those of the correlation coefficient obtained are greater than 80% in validation, which explains the performance and robustness of the GR2M model on this basin.展开更多
System validation and density fluctuation calibration of phase contrast imaging(PCI) on an HL-2 A tokamak are presented. Signals from different channels show not only a pronounced modulation of an incident laser beam ...System validation and density fluctuation calibration of phase contrast imaging(PCI) on an HL-2 A tokamak are presented. Signals from different channels show not only a pronounced modulation of an incident laser beam induced by a sound wave, but also an excellent magnification and low image distortion of optics. The frequencywavenumber spectrum is achieved by using two-dimensional Fourier transform of time series signals. The conversion coefficient between detected signal amplitude and chord integral plasma density fluctuation is 2.35 × 1013m-2/mV, which promises a suitable signal level at the order of volts of the PCI in typical HL-2 A discharges.展开更多
文摘The hydrologic simulation of a catchment area, described as the transformation of rainfall into runoff, generally uses hydrologic model. This work opts for the global conceptual hydrologic model GR2M, a monthly time step model, to study the Kouilou-Niari basin, the second most important ones of the Republic of Congo. This includes two parameters to model the hydrologic behavior of a catchment area. The choice of the conceptual model GR2M is justified by the reduced number of parameters and the monthly time scale. The objective of this study is to determine the characteristic parameters of the GR2M model, by a calibrating and a validating procedure. The use of these parameters enables to follow the evolution of the water resources from the climatic variables. It has been first carried out a characterization of some physical, geological and climatic factors governing the flow, by dealing with the main climatic variables which constitute the inputs of the hydrologic model. Then, a hydrologic rainfall-runoff modeling allows to calibrate and validate the model at monthly time scale. Taking into account the number of parameters involved in hydrologic processes and the complexity of the cathment area, this model gives acceptable results throughout the Kouilou-Niari basin. The values of the Nash-Sutcliffe criterion and those of the correlation coefficient obtained are greater than 80% in validation, which explains the performance and robustness of the GR2M model on this basin.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy Research Project(No.2015GB120002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFE0300405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11705052,11575055,and 11611130164)
文摘System validation and density fluctuation calibration of phase contrast imaging(PCI) on an HL-2 A tokamak are presented. Signals from different channels show not only a pronounced modulation of an incident laser beam induced by a sound wave, but also an excellent magnification and low image distortion of optics. The frequencywavenumber spectrum is achieved by using two-dimensional Fourier transform of time series signals. The conversion coefficient between detected signal amplitude and chord integral plasma density fluctuation is 2.35 × 1013m-2/mV, which promises a suitable signal level at the order of volts of the PCI in typical HL-2 A discharges.
