Ethyl valerate, a green apple flavor is short-chain ester with fruity notes is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, flavor esters are produced by chemical method or extracted by ...Ethyl valerate, a green apple flavor is short-chain ester with fruity notes is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, flavor esters are produced by chemical method or extracted by natural sources. However, with the steadily growing demand for natural flavor compounds, the biosynthesis of such esters by lipase under mild conditions has been receiving much attention for producing these valuable products. In this study, enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate in solvent free system, was successfully optimized via response surface method （RSM） based on 5-level, 4-variable of central composite rotatable design （CCRD）. The parameters were reaction time （30-60 min）, reaction temperature （30-60 ℃）, amount of enzyme （10-25%, w/w） and shaking speed （50-150 rpm）. The optimum condition derived via RSM for the reaction was reaction time of 48 min, reaction temperature of 30 ℃, enzyme amount of 25%, （w/w） and shaking speed of 51 rpm. The actual experimental yield was 84.28 % under the optimum condition, which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 84.61%. Comparison of predicted and experimental values reveals good correspondence between them, implying that empirical models derived from RSM can be used to adequately describe the relationship between the factors and response in the synthesis of ethyl valerate.展开更多
Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.The objective of our investigation is to study the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm me...Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.The objective of our investigation is to study the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem(HEPM) on female rats with PCOS.Materials and Methods:The experimental study involved the placement of 42 adult female Wistar rats(n=7) into six groups,with the control group rcceiving 0.25 ml of physiological serum by gavage daily,the sham group getting 0.25 ml of olive oil,and the HEPM 250,500,and 500 per se group taking HEPM by gavage daily.PCOS was induced with estradiol valerate(EV),which was administered through a subcutaneous inj ection at 2 mg/kg volume using 0.25 ml of olive oil.After experiments,all animals were subj ected to anesthe sia,and serums were extracted for biochemical and ho rmonal evaluation.Results:EV showed marked increases in serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone when compared with the control group.Significantly,the EV group decreased 17-β estradiol,proge sterone,and follicle-stimulating hormone.There was a significant alteration in hormonal levels across the treatment groups.The serum malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status were elevated in the EV group.In addition,the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity,glutathione,and glutathione peroxidase were significantly lower in the EV group than in control rats.In the treatment groups,HEPM significantly reverses the oxidant/antioxidant balance and ameliorates the adverse effect of PCOS on oxidative stress.Conclusion:The study findings indicated that the HEPM effectively safeguarded ovarian tissue from developing PCOS in the presence of EV.展开更多
The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） with a high fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate （3HV） and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate （3H2/MV） from mixed culture enriched by valerate-dominant hydrolysate was evaluated i...The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） with a high fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate （3HV） and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate （3H2/MV） from mixed culture enriched by valerate-dominant hydrolysate was evaluated in this study. After long-term enrichment, the culture showed strong ability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV, even with acetate-dominant substrate. The ultilization of single or mixed iso-/n-valerate by the enriched culture showed that the mixture of iso-valerate and n-valerate was more efficient substrate than any single in tenaas of balancing microbial growth and PHAs synthesis. Besides, through comparing the kinetics and stoichiometry of the tests supplying valerate and propionate, the enriched culture with equivalent valerate and propionate （1 ： 1 molar ratio） exhibited superior PHAs production performances to pure valerate or propionate, attaining more than 70 tool% of 3HVand 3H2MV. The above findings reveal that valerate-dominant hydrolysate is a kind of suitable substrate to enrich PHAs producing culture with great capability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV monomers, thus improving product properties than pure poly（3-hydroxybutyrate） （P3HB）; also 3HV and 3H2MV production behaviors can be regulated by the type of odd-carbon VFAs in the substrate.展开更多
Objective:To explore the best endometrial preparation scheme of freeze-thawed embryo transfer(FET)for patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis by comparing the clinical outcomes of three ...Objective:To explore the best endometrial preparation scheme of freeze-thawed embryo transfer(FET)for patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis by comparing the clinical outcomes of three endometrial preparation schemes of estradiol valerate tablets Hormone Replacement(HRT),Tamoxifen(TAM)and Endometrial Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM group).Method:Retrospective analysis of 318 patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis who underwent FET in Changle People's Hospital of Shandong Province,Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital,and Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from September 2018 to March 2023,including 101 patients in HRT group(estradiol valerate tablets);108 patients in TAM group;109 patients in EP-TAM group.The cycle cancellation rate,intimal thickness,clinical pregnancy rate,embryo implantation rate,early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were compared among the three groups.Result:Cycle cancellation rates of TAM group and EP-TAM group were significantly lower than HRT group(8.3%,9.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).The intimal thickness of TAM group[(8.11±0.36)mm]and EP-TAM group[(8.21±0.40)mm]was significantly thicker than HRT group[(7.11±0.43)mm](P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of TAM group and EP-TAM group were higher than HRT group,the early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were lower than HRT group,and EP-TAM group was more significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with thin endometrium underwent FET can try Endometrium Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM)to prepare the endometrium.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nourishing Yin and tonifying Yang sequential therapy(NYTYST)in combination with the Western Medicine Climen in treating diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).METHODS:From Septe...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nourishing Yin and tonifying Yang sequential therapy(NYTYST)in combination with the Western Medicine Climen in treating diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).METHODS:From September 2014 to September2016,46 patients with DOR who received NYTYST and Climen(treatment group)and 51 patients who received Climen only(control group)at the Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital(Nanjing,China)were retrospectively reviewed.Before and at 3 months after treatment,serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),FSH/luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),the antral follicle count(AFC),stromal peak systolic velocity(PSV),symptom scores,and the clinical effectiveness rate were measured and compared between the two groups.RESULTS:After treatment,serum levels of FSH,FSH/LH and E2,and symptom scores were significantly decreased compared with before treatment(all P<0.05)in the two groups.AMH levels,AFC,and PSV were significantly increased after treatment compared with before treatment in both groups(all P<0.05).Serum levels of FSH,FSH/LH,and E2 after treatment were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(all P<0.05).However,AMH levels and the AFC were significantly higher after treatment in the treatment group than in the control group(both P<0.05).The clinical effectiveness rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group(87%vs 68.6%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:NYTYST combined with Climen may be more effective in treating DOR than Climen alone.展开更多
Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effect on premature ovarian failure(POF)treated with the combination of mild moxibustion and western medication.Methods A total of 66 patients were divided into a control ...Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effect on premature ovarian failure(POF)treated with the combination of mild moxibustion and western medication.Methods A total of 66 patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table,33 cases in each one.In the control group,the conventional western medication was administered.In the observation group,besides the treatment as the control group,mild moxibustion was supplemented at Guānyuán(关元CV4),Qìhăi(气海CV6),Píshū(脾俞BL20)(bilateral)and Shènshū(肾俞BL23)(bilateral).The duration of treatment was 3 menstrual cycles in either group.Before treatment and on the 9th day of menstruation after 3-menstrual cycle treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume were detected by color Doppler ultrasound respectively.Before treatment and on day 2 to 4 of menstruation after 3-menstrual cycle treatment,the levels of serum estrogen(E_(2)),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),interleukin-21(IL-21)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were determined separately and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in two groups separately.Results The effective rate was 93.94%in the observation group and was 72.73%in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume were increased as compared with those before treatment in the patients of two groups(both P<0.05).After treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume in the observation group were higher than the control group(both P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum E_(2) and FSH were improved as compared with those before treatment in the two groups(both P<0.05).The levels of serum E_(2) and FSH in the observation group were better than the control group after treatment(both P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-21 and VEGF after treatment did not change obviously as compared with those before treatment in the control group(both P>0.05).But in the observation group,the levels of serum IL-21 and VEGF after treatment changed apparently as compared with those before treatment(both P<0.05)and the levels of these two indicators after treatment were better than the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment of mild moxibustion with western medication achieves the definite therapeutic effect on POF and it increases the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume and regulates sex hormone level,which is probably related to the regulation of serum IL-21 and VEGF.展开更多
Objective:To assess the estrogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Clitoria(C.)ternatea leaves in female Wistar rats.Methods:Hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea leaves prepared by using cold maceration method w...Objective:To assess the estrogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Clitoria(C.)ternatea leaves in female Wistar rats.Methods:Hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea leaves prepared by using cold maceration method was tested for estrogenic activity.An acute toxicity study was conducted to estimate the safe dose using OECD 423 guidelines.For estrogenic activity,ovariectomized female rats were divided into four groups,with 6 rats in each group.The control and standard groups were administered with 1%carboxymethyl cellulose orally and estradiol valerate at 1μg/rat/day subcutaneously,respectively.The third group was administered with hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight orally and the fourth group was administered with hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight orally along with estradiol valerate at dose 1μg/rat/day subcutaneously.All treatments lasted for 7 consecutive days and estrogenic activity was assessed by observing vaginal cornfication.On day 8,all animals were sacrificed and uterine horns were dissected out.Utrine weight was measured and blood serum was further processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters like cholesterol,total proteins,alkaline phosphatase and estrogen by autoanylser.Histological studies of uterus were also carried out.Results:Acute toxicity studies indicated the hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea leave was found to be safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg.Oral administration of C.ternatea extract at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight and and estradiol valerate(1μg/rat/day)caused morphological changes i.e.increase in uterine weight,vaginal opening and cornification of cells;biochemical changes i.e.increase in cholesterol,total protein,alkaline phosphatase and estrogen contents;histological changes i.e.increase in uterine diameter,thickness and height of endometrium.Simultaneous administration of C.ternatea extract with estradiol valerate showed a synergistic effect.Histological investigations further confirmed the strong estrogenic nature of C.ternatea extract.Conclusions:C.ternatea extract(500 mg/kg)showed a significant estrogenic activity which is also supported by biochemical and histological studies.So,on the basis of these findings,it can be concluded that C.ternatea can be used as an alternative to synthetic oral contraceptives.展开更多
Background:Cervical ripening is an important factor in predicting successful labor induction.In an unfavorable cervix,ripening should be done before induction.In this study,the effect of misoprostol and that of misopr...Background:Cervical ripening is an important factor in predicting successful labor induction.In an unfavorable cervix,ripening should be done before induction.In this study,the effect of misoprostol and that of misoprostol plus estradiol on cervical ripening were compared.Methods:This randomized,double-blinded study included a total of 190 pregnant women who were identified for pregnancy termination due to maternal or fetal cause at 37 weeks with Bishop score of less than 4.The patients were assessed between April 2015 to April 2016 in two university hospitals at northeast Iran(Omol-Banin Hospital and Emam Reza Hospital,Mashhad).The patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups:the intervention group(Group A),who received 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol plus 50 micrograms of estradiol,and the control group(Group B),who received 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol only.Misoprostol was administered at 4-hour intervals until cervical ripening(Bishop score≥8)or upon initiation of active phase in both the groups.The maximum dosage of misoprostol was three doses,whereas estradiol was administered only once.Results:In this study,the main causes of pregnancy termination were ROM and post-term.There was no significant statistical difference in the Bishop score between the two groups(P=0.13).In addition,no significant difference was observed in the duration of time for cervical ripening(Bishop≥8)between the two groups(P=0.7).The duration between drug administration to the initiation of active phase and also from active phase to delivery showed no significant differences between the two groups(P=0.49 and 0.24,respectively).There was also no significant difference in the delivery route(operative vaginal delivery or Cesarean section)(P=0.2 and P=0.91,respectively).Conclusion:From this study,the use of misoprostol plus estradiol did not improve cervical ripening or decrease the induction time.Further studies are recommended to investigate complementary results.展开更多
tert-Butyl alcohol was carbonylated into iso-valeric esters in 37.0-83.6% yield with 42.4-95.0%selectivity using tile Pd(OAc)2-PPh3-P- toluenesulfonic acid catalyst system without any halogenpromoter or other extreme ...tert-Butyl alcohol was carbonylated into iso-valeric esters in 37.0-83.6% yield with 42.4-95.0%selectivity using tile Pd(OAc)2-PPh3-P- toluenesulfonic acid catalyst system without any halogenpromoter or other extreme conditions.展开更多
Large-gap nerve defects require nerve guide conduits(NGCs)for complete regeneration and muscle innervation.Many NGCs have been developed using various scaffold designs and tissue engineering strategies to promote axon...Large-gap nerve defects require nerve guide conduits(NGCs)for complete regeneration and muscle innervation.Many NGCs have been developed using various scaffold designs and tissue engineering strategies to promote axon regeneration.Still,most are tubular with inadequate pore sizes and lack surface cues for nutrient transport,cell attachment,and tissue infiltration.This study developed a porous spiral NGC to address these issues using a 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)fiber lattice.The lattice was functionalized with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV)electrospun aligned(aPHBV)and randomly(rPHBV)oriented nanofibers to enhance cellular activity.TPU lattices were made with 25%,35%,and 50%infill densities to create scaffolds with varied mechanical compliance.The fabricated TPU/PHBV spiral conduits had significantly higher surface areas(25%TPU/PHBV:698.97 mm^(2),35%TPU/PHBV:500.06 mm^(2),50%TPU/PHBV:327.61 mm^(2))compared to commercially available nerve conduits like Neurolac™(205.26 mm^(2)).Aligned PHBV nanofibers showed excellent Schwann cell(RSC96)adhesion,proliferation,and neurogenic gene expression for all infill densities.Spiral TPU/PHBV conduits with 25%and 35%infill densities exhibited Young’s modulus values comparable to Neurotube®and ultimate tensile strength like acellular cadaveric human nerves.A 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in Wistar rats treated with TPU/aPHBV NGCs demonstrated muscle innervation and axon healing comparable to autografts over 4 months,as evaluated by gait analysis,functional recovery,and histology.The TPU/PHBV NGC developed in this study shows promise as a treatment for large-gap nerve defects.展开更多
Although addition of pyrolyzed organic materials(biochars)to soil generally results in increased growth and physiological performance of plants,neutral and negative responses have also commonly been detected.Toxicity ...Although addition of pyrolyzed organic materials(biochars)to soil generally results in increased growth and physiological performance of plants,neutral and negative responses have also commonly been detected.Toxicity of organic compounds generated during pyrolysis,sorbed by biochars,and then released into the soil solution,has been implicated as a possible mechanism for such negative effects.Conversely,water-soluble biochar constituents have also been suggested to have“hormetic”effects(positive effects on plants at low concentrations);however,no specific compounds responsible have been identified.We investigated the relative phytotoxicity-and possible hormetic effects-of 14 organic compounds common in aqueous extracts of freshly produced lignocellulosic biochars,using seed germination bioassays.Of the compounds examined,volatile fatty acids(VFAs:acetic,propionic,butyric,valeric,caproic,and 2-ethylbutyric acids)and phenol,showed acute phytotoxicity,with germination-based ED50 values of 1-30 mmol L^(−1),and 2-ethylbutyric acid showed ED50 values of 0.1-1.0 mmol L^(−1).Other compounds(benzene,benzoic acid,butanone,methyl salicylate,toluene,and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)showed toxic effects only at high concentrations close to solubility limits.Although phytotoxic at high concentrations,valeric and caproic acid also showed detectable hormetic effects on seedlings,increasing radicle extension by 5-15%at concentrations of~0.01-0.1 mmol L^(−1).These data support the hypothesis that VFAs are the main agents responsible for phytotoxic effects of lignocellulosic biochar leachates,but that certain VFAs also have hormetic effects at low concentrations and may contribute to positive effects of biochar leachates on early plant development in some cases.展开更多
Inj. Hydroxyprogesterone Co. (EP) was injected i.m. into female Wistar rats, different strains of mice of both sex and Syrian golden hamsters with doses of 5--100 times the human contraceptive dose once or twice a mon...Inj. Hydroxyprogesterone Co. (EP) was injected i.m. into female Wistar rats, different strains of mice of both sex and Syrian golden hamsters with doses of 5--100 times the human contraceptive dose once or twice a month for 10--32 times. In some experiments EP was combined with whole-body 3 Gy gamma ray radiation once or twice. Results show that EP has obvious carcinogenicity and can enhance the gamma ray carcinogenicity, thereby increasing the tumor incidence or the ratio of malignant to benign turnouts. Carcinogenic mechanisms of EP have also been studied.展开更多
文摘Ethyl valerate, a green apple flavor is short-chain ester with fruity notes is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, flavor esters are produced by chemical method or extracted by natural sources. However, with the steadily growing demand for natural flavor compounds, the biosynthesis of such esters by lipase under mild conditions has been receiving much attention for producing these valuable products. In this study, enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate in solvent free system, was successfully optimized via response surface method （RSM） based on 5-level, 4-variable of central composite rotatable design （CCRD）. The parameters were reaction time （30-60 min）, reaction temperature （30-60 ℃）, amount of enzyme （10-25%, w/w） and shaking speed （50-150 rpm）. The optimum condition derived via RSM for the reaction was reaction time of 48 min, reaction temperature of 30 ℃, enzyme amount of 25%, （w/w） and shaking speed of 51 rpm. The actual experimental yield was 84.28 % under the optimum condition, which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 84.61%. Comparison of predicted and experimental values reveals good correspondence between them, implying that empirical models derived from RSM can be used to adequately describe the relationship between the factors and response in the synthesis of ethyl valerate.
文摘Objective:Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age.The objective of our investigation is to study the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of palm meristem(HEPM) on female rats with PCOS.Materials and Methods:The experimental study involved the placement of 42 adult female Wistar rats(n=7) into six groups,with the control group rcceiving 0.25 ml of physiological serum by gavage daily,the sham group getting 0.25 ml of olive oil,and the HEPM 250,500,and 500 per se group taking HEPM by gavage daily.PCOS was induced with estradiol valerate(EV),which was administered through a subcutaneous inj ection at 2 mg/kg volume using 0.25 ml of olive oil.After experiments,all animals were subj ected to anesthe sia,and serums were extracted for biochemical and ho rmonal evaluation.Results:EV showed marked increases in serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone when compared with the control group.Significantly,the EV group decreased 17-β estradiol,proge sterone,and follicle-stimulating hormone.There was a significant alteration in hormonal levels across the treatment groups.The serum malondialdehyde levels and total oxidant status were elevated in the EV group.In addition,the serum levels of total antioxidant capacity,glutathione,and glutathione peroxidase were significantly lower in the EV group than in control rats.In the treatment groups,HEPM significantly reverses the oxidant/antioxidant balance and ameliorates the adverse effect of PCOS on oxidative stress.Conclusion:The study findings indicated that the HEPM effectively safeguarded ovarian tissue from developing PCOS in the presence of EV.
文摘The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates （PHAs） with a high fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate （3HV） and 3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate （3H2/MV） from mixed culture enriched by valerate-dominant hydrolysate was evaluated in this study. After long-term enrichment, the culture showed strong ability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV, even with acetate-dominant substrate. The ultilization of single or mixed iso-/n-valerate by the enriched culture showed that the mixture of iso-valerate and n-valerate was more efficient substrate than any single in tenaas of balancing microbial growth and PHAs synthesis. Besides, through comparing the kinetics and stoichiometry of the tests supplying valerate and propionate, the enriched culture with equivalent valerate and propionate （1 ： 1 molar ratio） exhibited superior PHAs production performances to pure valerate or propionate, attaining more than 70 tool% of 3HVand 3H2MV. The above findings reveal that valerate-dominant hydrolysate is a kind of suitable substrate to enrich PHAs producing culture with great capability to synthesize 3HV and 3H2MV monomers, thus improving product properties than pure poly（3-hydroxybutyrate） （P3HB）; also 3HV and 3H2MV production behaviors can be regulated by the type of odd-carbon VFAs in the substrate.
基金Shenzhen“Medical and Health Three Projects”Project Grant(SZZYSM 202106003)Shenzhen Bao’an District of Medical and Health Research Project(2023JD212)+1 种基金Shenzhen Bao’an District of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Project(2023ZYYLCZX-12)Weifang Health Committee Scientific Research Project(wfwsjk-2023-140).
文摘Objective:To explore the best endometrial preparation scheme of freeze-thawed embryo transfer(FET)for patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis by comparing the clinical outcomes of three endometrial preparation schemes of estradiol valerate tablets Hormone Replacement(HRT),Tamoxifen(TAM)and Endometrial Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM group).Method:Retrospective analysis of 318 patients with thin endometrium with kidney deficiency and blood stasis who underwent FET in Changle People's Hospital of Shandong Province,Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital,and Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from September 2018 to March 2023,including 101 patients in HRT group(estradiol valerate tablets);108 patients in TAM group;109 patients in EP-TAM group.The cycle cancellation rate,intimal thickness,clinical pregnancy rate,embryo implantation rate,early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were compared among the three groups.Result:Cycle cancellation rates of TAM group and EP-TAM group were significantly lower than HRT group(8.3%,9.2%vs 17.8%,P<0.05).The intimal thickness of TAM group[(8.11±0.36)mm]and EP-TAM group[(8.21±0.40)mm]was significantly thicker than HRT group[(7.11±0.43)mm](P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate of TAM group and EP-TAM group were higher than HRT group,the early abortion rate and ectopic pregnancy rate were lower than HRT group,and EP-TAM group was more significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Patients with thin endometrium underwent FET can try Endometrium Prescription combined with TAM(EP-TAM)to prepare the endometrium.
基金Supported by the Clinical Medical Science and Technology Special of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Project(No.BL2013039).
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nourishing Yin and tonifying Yang sequential therapy(NYTYST)in combination with the Western Medicine Climen in treating diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).METHODS:From September 2014 to September2016,46 patients with DOR who received NYTYST and Climen(treatment group)and 51 patients who received Climen only(control group)at the Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital(Nanjing,China)were retrospectively reviewed.Before and at 3 months after treatment,serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),FSH/luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),and anti-Mullerian hormone(AMH),the antral follicle count(AFC),stromal peak systolic velocity(PSV),symptom scores,and the clinical effectiveness rate were measured and compared between the two groups.RESULTS:After treatment,serum levels of FSH,FSH/LH and E2,and symptom scores were significantly decreased compared with before treatment(all P<0.05)in the two groups.AMH levels,AFC,and PSV were significantly increased after treatment compared with before treatment in both groups(all P<0.05).Serum levels of FSH,FSH/LH,and E2 after treatment were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group(all P<0.05).However,AMH levels and the AFC were significantly higher after treatment in the treatment group than in the control group(both P<0.05).The clinical effectiveness rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group(87%vs 68.6%,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:NYTYST combined with Climen may be more effective in treating DOR than Climen alone.
文摘Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effect on premature ovarian failure(POF)treated with the combination of mild moxibustion and western medication.Methods A total of 66 patients were divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table,33 cases in each one.In the control group,the conventional western medication was administered.In the observation group,besides the treatment as the control group,mild moxibustion was supplemented at Guānyuán(关元CV4),Qìhăi(气海CV6),Píshū(脾俞BL20)(bilateral)and Shènshū(肾俞BL23)(bilateral).The duration of treatment was 3 menstrual cycles in either group.Before treatment and on the 9th day of menstruation after 3-menstrual cycle treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume were detected by color Doppler ultrasound respectively.Before treatment and on day 2 to 4 of menstruation after 3-menstrual cycle treatment,the levels of serum estrogen(E_(2)),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),interleukin-21(IL-21)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)were determined separately and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in two groups separately.Results The effective rate was 93.94%in the observation group and was 72.73%in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume were increased as compared with those before treatment in the patients of two groups(both P<0.05).After treatment,the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume in the observation group were higher than the control group(both P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum E_(2) and FSH were improved as compared with those before treatment in the two groups(both P<0.05).The levels of serum E_(2) and FSH in the observation group were better than the control group after treatment(both P<0.05).The levels of serum IL-21 and VEGF after treatment did not change obviously as compared with those before treatment in the control group(both P>0.05).But in the observation group,the levels of serum IL-21 and VEGF after treatment changed apparently as compared with those before treatment(both P<0.05)and the levels of these two indicators after treatment were better than the control group(both P<0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment of mild moxibustion with western medication achieves the definite therapeutic effect on POF and it increases the number of antral follicles and ovarian volume and regulates sex hormone level,which is probably related to the regulation of serum IL-21 and VEGF.
文摘Objective:To assess the estrogenic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Clitoria(C.)ternatea leaves in female Wistar rats.Methods:Hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea leaves prepared by using cold maceration method was tested for estrogenic activity.An acute toxicity study was conducted to estimate the safe dose using OECD 423 guidelines.For estrogenic activity,ovariectomized female rats were divided into four groups,with 6 rats in each group.The control and standard groups were administered with 1%carboxymethyl cellulose orally and estradiol valerate at 1μg/rat/day subcutaneously,respectively.The third group was administered with hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight orally and the fourth group was administered with hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight orally along with estradiol valerate at dose 1μg/rat/day subcutaneously.All treatments lasted for 7 consecutive days and estrogenic activity was assessed by observing vaginal cornfication.On day 8,all animals were sacrificed and uterine horns were dissected out.Utrine weight was measured and blood serum was further processed for the estimation of biochemical parameters like cholesterol,total proteins,alkaline phosphatase and estrogen by autoanylser.Histological studies of uterus were also carried out.Results:Acute toxicity studies indicated the hydroalcoholic extract of C.ternatea leave was found to be safe up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg.Oral administration of C.ternatea extract at the dose 500 mg/kg body weight and and estradiol valerate(1μg/rat/day)caused morphological changes i.e.increase in uterine weight,vaginal opening and cornification of cells;biochemical changes i.e.increase in cholesterol,total protein,alkaline phosphatase and estrogen contents;histological changes i.e.increase in uterine diameter,thickness and height of endometrium.Simultaneous administration of C.ternatea extract with estradiol valerate showed a synergistic effect.Histological investigations further confirmed the strong estrogenic nature of C.ternatea extract.Conclusions:C.ternatea extract(500 mg/kg)showed a significant estrogenic activity which is also supported by biochemical and histological studies.So,on the basis of these findings,it can be concluded that C.ternatea can be used as an alternative to synthetic oral contraceptives.
文摘Background:Cervical ripening is an important factor in predicting successful labor induction.In an unfavorable cervix,ripening should be done before induction.In this study,the effect of misoprostol and that of misoprostol plus estradiol on cervical ripening were compared.Methods:This randomized,double-blinded study included a total of 190 pregnant women who were identified for pregnancy termination due to maternal or fetal cause at 37 weeks with Bishop score of less than 4.The patients were assessed between April 2015 to April 2016 in two university hospitals at northeast Iran(Omol-Banin Hospital and Emam Reza Hospital,Mashhad).The patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to two groups:the intervention group(Group A),who received 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol plus 50 micrograms of estradiol,and the control group(Group B),who received 25 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol only.Misoprostol was administered at 4-hour intervals until cervical ripening(Bishop score≥8)or upon initiation of active phase in both the groups.The maximum dosage of misoprostol was three doses,whereas estradiol was administered only once.Results:In this study,the main causes of pregnancy termination were ROM and post-term.There was no significant statistical difference in the Bishop score between the two groups(P=0.13).In addition,no significant difference was observed in the duration of time for cervical ripening(Bishop≥8)between the two groups(P=0.7).The duration between drug administration to the initiation of active phase and also from active phase to delivery showed no significant differences between the two groups(P=0.49 and 0.24,respectively).There was also no significant difference in the delivery route(operative vaginal delivery or Cesarean section)(P=0.2 and P=0.91,respectively).Conclusion:From this study,the use of misoprostol plus estradiol did not improve cervical ripening or decrease the induction time.Further studies are recommended to investigate complementary results.
文摘tert-Butyl alcohol was carbonylated into iso-valeric esters in 37.0-83.6% yield with 42.4-95.0%selectivity using tile Pd(OAc)2-PPh3-P- toluenesulfonic acid catalyst system without any halogenpromoter or other extreme conditions.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge Nano Mission,Department of Science&Technology(DST)(SR/NM/TP-83/2016(G))Prof.T.R.Rajagopalan R&D Cell of SASTRA Deemed University for financial and infrastructural support+4 种基金We also wish to acknowledge ATGC grant,Department of Biotechnology(DBT)(BT/ATGC/127/SP41147/2021)Adhoc funding,Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR)(17x3/Adhoc/23/2022-ITR)DST SERB CRG(Exponential Technologies)grant(CRG/2021/007847)for financial supportfunding support provided by the National Institutes of Health(#R01NS134604,#R01EB034202,#R01AR078908,and#R01EB030060)the U.S.Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity(USAMRAA)through the CDMRP Peer-Reviewed Medical Research Program(Award No.W81XWH2010321,PR230581,and HT94252410137).
文摘Large-gap nerve defects require nerve guide conduits(NGCs)for complete regeneration and muscle innervation.Many NGCs have been developed using various scaffold designs and tissue engineering strategies to promote axon regeneration.Still,most are tubular with inadequate pore sizes and lack surface cues for nutrient transport,cell attachment,and tissue infiltration.This study developed a porous spiral NGC to address these issues using a 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)fiber lattice.The lattice was functionalized with poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)(PHBV)electrospun aligned(aPHBV)and randomly(rPHBV)oriented nanofibers to enhance cellular activity.TPU lattices were made with 25%,35%,and 50%infill densities to create scaffolds with varied mechanical compliance.The fabricated TPU/PHBV spiral conduits had significantly higher surface areas(25%TPU/PHBV:698.97 mm^(2),35%TPU/PHBV:500.06 mm^(2),50%TPU/PHBV:327.61 mm^(2))compared to commercially available nerve conduits like Neurolac™(205.26 mm^(2)).Aligned PHBV nanofibers showed excellent Schwann cell(RSC96)adhesion,proliferation,and neurogenic gene expression for all infill densities.Spiral TPU/PHBV conduits with 25%and 35%infill densities exhibited Young’s modulus values comparable to Neurotube®and ultimate tensile strength like acellular cadaveric human nerves.A 10 mm sciatic nerve defect in Wistar rats treated with TPU/aPHBV NGCs demonstrated muscle innervation and axon healing comparable to autografts over 4 months,as evaluated by gait analysis,functional recovery,and histology.The TPU/PHBV NGC developed in this study shows promise as a treatment for large-gap nerve defects.
文摘Although addition of pyrolyzed organic materials(biochars)to soil generally results in increased growth and physiological performance of plants,neutral and negative responses have also commonly been detected.Toxicity of organic compounds generated during pyrolysis,sorbed by biochars,and then released into the soil solution,has been implicated as a possible mechanism for such negative effects.Conversely,water-soluble biochar constituents have also been suggested to have“hormetic”effects(positive effects on plants at low concentrations);however,no specific compounds responsible have been identified.We investigated the relative phytotoxicity-and possible hormetic effects-of 14 organic compounds common in aqueous extracts of freshly produced lignocellulosic biochars,using seed germination bioassays.Of the compounds examined,volatile fatty acids(VFAs:acetic,propionic,butyric,valeric,caproic,and 2-ethylbutyric acids)and phenol,showed acute phytotoxicity,with germination-based ED50 values of 1-30 mmol L^(−1),and 2-ethylbutyric acid showed ED50 values of 0.1-1.0 mmol L^(−1).Other compounds(benzene,benzoic acid,butanone,methyl salicylate,toluene,and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol)showed toxic effects only at high concentrations close to solubility limits.Although phytotoxic at high concentrations,valeric and caproic acid also showed detectable hormetic effects on seedlings,increasing radicle extension by 5-15%at concentrations of~0.01-0.1 mmol L^(−1).These data support the hypothesis that VFAs are the main agents responsible for phytotoxic effects of lignocellulosic biochar leachates,but that certain VFAs also have hormetic effects at low concentrations and may contribute to positive effects of biochar leachates on early plant development in some cases.
基金This work was funded in part by the Bureau of Science and Education, Ministry of Public Health, PRC.
文摘Inj. Hydroxyprogesterone Co. (EP) was injected i.m. into female Wistar rats, different strains of mice of both sex and Syrian golden hamsters with doses of 5--100 times the human contraceptive dose once or twice a month for 10--32 times. In some experiments EP was combined with whole-body 3 Gy gamma ray radiation once or twice. Results show that EP has obvious carcinogenicity and can enhance the gamma ray carcinogenicity, thereby increasing the tumor incidence or the ratio of malignant to benign turnouts. Carcinogenic mechanisms of EP have also been studied.
