This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes an...This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes and the fibre are not excited. The quantum state is mediated by the vacuum fields. The idea can be used to realize quantum entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum.展开更多
One of the issues of plasma technologies is the design of a high-performance plasma source.Due to its properties,a diffuse vacuum arc discharge may be one of the promising options.In this study,the dependence of the c...One of the issues of plasma technologies is the design of a high-performance plasma source.Due to its properties,a diffuse vacuum arc discharge may be one of the promising options.In this study,the dependence of the charge composition of a diffuse vacuum arc plasma with a hot cathode on the value of the external axial magnetic field and discharge voltage was investigated.The study was conducted with a thermionic gadolinium(Gd)cathode.Monitoring the charge composition was done by analyzing the emission spectra of the plasma.Steady states of arc discharge were obtained for a range of parameters.The arc currents were 30 and 40 A,the arc voltage was up to 29 V and the external magnetic field was varied from 0 to 20 mT.It was found that in the presence of the eternal magnetic field the defining factor of the charge composition was the arc voltage.Moreover,for a fixed arc voltage,an increase in magnitude causes an increase in intensities of all atomic and ionic plasma components(Gd,Gd+,Gd++).The potential causes of this effect were discussed.It was established that in an axial magnetic field it is possible to implement discharge modes with predominance of single-charge ions by increasing the magnitude of the external magnetic field.Potentially,these discharge modes will be of use for the implementation of plasma methods for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel.展开更多
Our question delves into the nature of early universe vacuum fields, and if this initial vacuum field corresponds to a configuration of early universe space-time at the start of inflation. The answer as to this came o...Our question delves into the nature of early universe vacuum fields, and if this initial vacuum field corresponds to a configuration of early universe space-time at the start of inflation. The answer as to this came out due to wanting to know if a cosmological constant, as given in the Einstein field equations is commensurate with the byproduct of squeezed states. We compare our answer, with the influx of energy as given by a modified Heinsenberg uncertainty principle, at the start of the inflationary era. The so called influx of energy is tied into the squeezed state phenomena as written up in the onset of this article. The impetus to writing this document came from Dr. Karim, in an e mail which the author relates to, in the introduction. Our claim is that the smallness of is what is driving the existence of the squeezed states.展开更多
The entanglement properties of the system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode vacuum field are explored. The quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms and a single-mode vacuum field is investi...The entanglement properties of the system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode vacuum field are explored. The quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms and a single-mode vacuum field is investigated by using the quantum reduced entropy; the quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms, and that between a single two-level atom and a single-mode vacuum field are studied in terms of the quantum relative entropy. The influences of the atomic dipole-dipole interaction on the quantum entanglement of the system are also discussed. Our results show that three entangled states of two atoms-field, atom-atom, and atom-field can be prepared via two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode vacuum field.展开更多
This study is to numerically test the interfacial instability of ferrofluid flow under the presence of a vacuum magnetic field.The ferrofluid parabolized stability equations(PSEs)are derived from the ferrofluid stabil...This study is to numerically test the interfacial instability of ferrofluid flow under the presence of a vacuum magnetic field.The ferrofluid parabolized stability equations(PSEs)are derived from the ferrofluid stability equations and the Rosensweig equations,and the characteristic values of the ferrofluid PSEs are given to describe the ellipticity of ferrofluid flow.Three numerical models representing specific cases considering with/without a vacuum magnetic field or viscosity are created to mathematically examine the interfacial instability by the computation of characteristic values.Numerical investigation shows strong dependence of the basic characteristic of ferrofluid Rayleigh-Taylor instability(RTI)on viscosity of ferrofluid and independence of the vacuum magnetic field.For the shock wave striking helium bubble,the magnetic field is not able to trigger the symmetry breaking of bubble but change the speed of the bubble movement.In the process of droplet formation from a submerged orifice,the collision between the droplet and the liquid surface causes symmetry breaking.Both the viscosity and the magnetic field exacerbate symmetry breaking.The computational results agree with the published experimental results.展开更多
A new method, by using eigenmodes to reduce the fitting parameters and precalculated eddy current based on a lump parameter circuit equation, is applied to reconstruct the vacuum field for EAST plasma startup.
In theory, we study the quantum tluctuatlons ot tlae suDllarmonlc renecteu nela Irom a ulplc-rc^ulltUtt IdU^ClIClatC optical parametric amplifier （OPA） inside an optical cavity. We discuss two cases, where the linew...In theory, we study the quantum tluctuatlons ot tlae suDllarmonlc renecteu nela Irom a ulplc-rc^ulltUtt IdU^ClIClatC optical parametric amplifier （OPA） inside an optical cavity. We discuss two cases, where the linewidth of the harmonic field is either much narrower or broader than the subharmonic field. Since an electromagnetically-induced-transparency （EIT）-like effect can be simulated in a triple-resonant OPA, the output spectra from a triple-resonant OPA with a squeezed vacuum input may simulate the phenomenon of the response of an EIT medium for squeezed states. This scheme can be implemented with present experimental setups.展开更多
It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency f...It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency field enhanced chemical ionization source （RF-ECI） with vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）lamp by coupling radiofrequency electric field and direct-current field together. The experiment resultsshowed that the sensitivity of benzene, toluene, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds increased by 2-3orders of magnitude under the introduction of RF-ECI comparing to traditional single photon ionization（SPI）. At the same time, the reagent ion of O2＋ realized the charge transfer reaction chemical ionization,and the RF-ECI effectively expanded the detection range of the VUV lamp based SPI. The VUV lamp hasinherent advantages in the on-site analytical instrument for its small size and low power consumption,and the VUV lamp based RF-ECI miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer （TOFMS） has a limit-of-detection for H2S as low as 0.0571 mg/m3, and it is expected to be used widely in the field of on-site rapidanalvsis.展开更多
Vacuum poloidal magnetic field of tokamak in alternating-current （AC） operation is investigated. It is found that the vacuum magnetic field in AC operation is qualitatively different from that in direct-current （DC...Vacuum poloidal magnetic field of tokamak in alternating-current （AC） operation is investigated. It is found that the vacuum magnetic field in AC operation is qualitatively different from that in direct-current （DC） operation. In the DC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with one period, while in the AC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with two periods. This implies that two sets of vertical field coil may be needed for the AC operation.展开更多
Using multipohton Tavis-Cummings model,the entanglement evolution of two coupling two-level atoms in Bell states interacting with a single-mode vacuum field is investigated by using negativity.The influences of coupli...Using multipohton Tavis-Cummings model,the entanglement evolution of two coupling two-level atoms in Bell states interacting with a single-mode vacuum field is investigated by using negativity.The influences of coupling constants between atoms,the atomic initial states and the photon number of transition on the entanglement evolution of two coupling two-level atoms are discussed.The results obtained using the numerical method show that the entanglement of two atoms is related with coupling constants between atoms,the atomic initial states and the photon number of transition.The two-atom entanglement state will forever stay in the maximum entanglement state when the initial state is β11〉.When the initial state of two atoms is β01〉,the entanglement of two atoms displays periodic oscillation behavior.And its oscillation period decreases with increasing of coupling constant between atoms or the photon number of transition.On the other hand,when the initial state is β00〉 or β10〉,the entanglement of two atoms displays quasiperiodic oscillation behavior and its oscillation period decreases with increasing of coupling constant between atoms or the photon number of transition.展开更多
It is shown that the deflection of star light passing by the Sun, which is allegedly explainable only by general relativity, can be understood quantitatively as a quasi-classical effect of light refraction in the vac...It is shown that the deflection of star light passing by the Sun, which is allegedly explainable only by general relativity, can be understood quantitatively as a quasi-classical effect of light refraction in the vacuum polarized by the Sun's gravitational field. The theory of the dielectric polarization of the vacuum proposed pre- viously is further developed for the corresponding effect of the polarization of the vacuum in a gravitational field. The resulting refractive index of the vacuum in the presence of a gravitational field gives for the deflection of light by the Sun an angle |0| = 1.77', which is in good agreement with the experimental observations and the result of general relativity. From the theory Presented, it can also be deduced that the velocity of a horizontal light beam at 1000 km above ground level of the Earth has a velocity deficit - c= 5.73 cm / s in comparison to the light velocity on the ground.展开更多
This paper begins by exploring a useful and neglected detail of a photon—its physical size perpendicular to the direction of propagation in the same way as an atom or neutron has a physical size. Such a photon size w...This paper begins by exploring a useful and neglected detail of a photon—its physical size perpendicular to the direction of propagation in the same way as an atom or neutron has a physical size. Such a photon size would be quite separate from the cross-section of a photonic interaction, which depends on the material interacting. Such a perpendicular dimension of a photon will be invariant under Lorentz transform parallel to the light propagation direction and will thus be the same for all frequencies of light. This study also leads to new details about how a photon interacts, offering an explanation for the familiar physics where light slightly above and below the mean frequency of an excited state can still excite the same state without violation of conservation of energy—a mystery explored thoroughly in a previous paper without finding the solution offered here. As usual, a better elucidation of the details of light interaction also leads to new insights—especially about the vacuum field. The <strong>Appendix </strong>summarizes some previous research relevant to this展开更多
From 1990 to 2005 NASA did six flybys of Earth in order to boost the energy of each spacecraft, enabling them to go deeper into the solar system. These six flybys showed an unexpected violation in the conservation of ...From 1990 to 2005 NASA did six flybys of Earth in order to boost the energy of each spacecraft, enabling them to go deeper into the solar system. These six flybys showed an unexpected violation in the conservation of energy of up to 100 sigmas, matching a simple physical formula related to the input and output spacecraft velocities relative to the Earth rotational plane. Mysteriously, occasionally the effect was not present. After several years of reviewing the data and evaluating all sources of perturbation known to NASA, no solution was identified. NASA sent the final report to the author above for further review. Independently, the author’s firm Optical Physics Company had published research into the vacuum field, finding that it was not constant but varied across the Earth’s orbit and was also separately detected being radiated by the Sun. The physics we had learned was applied to the NASA passes, allowing all the anomalies they had encountered to be explained and adding considerably to our understanding of the vacuum field. We hypothesized a radially emitted vacuum field (which controls the rate of time) would couple the radial direction r with time t to add a gtr term in the metric tensor. We then combined the previously published experimental data of the vacuum field radiated by the Sun with the NASA data to develop a formula for the emission of the vacuum field from warm rotating bodies, accurate to about 1%. 25 candidate formulas were evaluated, based on powers of radial acceleration and temperature, and one was definitively selected. This research offers a linkage between the vacuum field whose spectrum is proportional to h and an effect on the metric tensor of gravity. Since both gravity and h control time rates, it seemed credible they could both affect the metric tensor.展开更多
We experimentally investigate the optical cavity tor various coupled regimes wltn an mjectea squeezeo vacuum state.We measure the quantum fluctuation spectra of the reflected field of an optical cavity using the homod...We experimentally investigate the optical cavity tor various coupled regimes wltn an mjectea squeezeo vacuum state.We measure the quantum fluctuation spectra of the reflected field of an optical cavity using the homodyne detection and present the spectral dependence on the absorption and dispersion properties of the cavity in the under-coupled,critically-coupled,and over-coupled regimes.The spectra lineshape is phase sensitive with the phase shift induced by the cavity.Moreover,we find that the over-coupled optical cavity has obvious advantage in the manipulation of quantum fluctuation.展开更多
In this paper, a new class of solutions of the vacuum Einstein＇s field equa- tions with cosmological constant is obtained. This class of solutions possesses the naked physical singularity. The norm of the Riemann cur...In this paper, a new class of solutions of the vacuum Einstein＇s field equa- tions with cosmological constant is obtained. This class of solutions possesses the naked physical singularity. The norm of the Riemann curvature tensor of this class of solutions takes infinity at some points and the solutions do not have any event horizon around the singularity.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.10674025)the Doctoral Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.20070386002)
文摘This paper proposes an efficient scheme for quantum communication between two atoms trapped in distant cavities which are connected by an optical fibre. During the operation, all the atomic system, the cavity modes and the fibre are not excited. The quantum state is mediated by the vacuum fields. The idea can be used to realize quantum entanglement between two distant atoms via vacuum.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.23-72-10073)。
文摘One of the issues of plasma technologies is the design of a high-performance plasma source.Due to its properties,a diffuse vacuum arc discharge may be one of the promising options.In this study,the dependence of the charge composition of a diffuse vacuum arc plasma with a hot cathode on the value of the external axial magnetic field and discharge voltage was investigated.The study was conducted with a thermionic gadolinium(Gd)cathode.Monitoring the charge composition was done by analyzing the emission spectra of the plasma.Steady states of arc discharge were obtained for a range of parameters.The arc currents were 30 and 40 A,the arc voltage was up to 29 V and the external magnetic field was varied from 0 to 20 mT.It was found that in the presence of the eternal magnetic field the defining factor of the charge composition was the arc voltage.Moreover,for a fixed arc voltage,an increase in magnitude causes an increase in intensities of all atomic and ionic plasma components(Gd,Gd+,Gd++).The potential causes of this effect were discussed.It was established that in an axial magnetic field it is possible to implement discharge modes with predominance of single-charge ions by increasing the magnitude of the external magnetic field.Potentially,these discharge modes will be of use for the implementation of plasma methods for reprocessing spent nuclear fuel.
文摘Our question delves into the nature of early universe vacuum fields, and if this initial vacuum field corresponds to a configuration of early universe space-time at the start of inflation. The answer as to this came out due to wanting to know if a cosmological constant, as given in the Einstein field equations is commensurate with the byproduct of squeezed states. We compare our answer, with the influx of energy as given by a modified Heinsenberg uncertainty principle, at the start of the inflationary era. The so called influx of energy is tied into the squeezed state phenomena as written up in the onset of this article. The impetus to writing this document came from Dr. Karim, in an e mail which the author relates to, in the introduction. Our claim is that the smallness of is what is driving the existence of the squeezed states.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10374025）.
文摘The entanglement properties of the system of two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode vacuum field are explored. The quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms and a single-mode vacuum field is investigated by using the quantum reduced entropy; the quantum entanglement between two two-level atoms, and that between a single two-level atom and a single-mode vacuum field are studied in terms of the quantum relative entropy. The influences of the atomic dipole-dipole interaction on the quantum entanglement of the system are also discussed. Our results show that three entangled states of two atoms-field, atom-atom, and atom-field can be prepared via two two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode vacuum field.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11971411)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province of China(No.18A067)。
文摘This study is to numerically test the interfacial instability of ferrofluid flow under the presence of a vacuum magnetic field.The ferrofluid parabolized stability equations(PSEs)are derived from the ferrofluid stability equations and the Rosensweig equations,and the characteristic values of the ferrofluid PSEs are given to describe the ellipticity of ferrofluid flow.Three numerical models representing specific cases considering with/without a vacuum magnetic field or viscosity are created to mathematically examine the interfacial instability by the computation of characteristic values.Numerical investigation shows strong dependence of the basic characteristic of ferrofluid Rayleigh-Taylor instability(RTI)on viscosity of ferrofluid and independence of the vacuum magnetic field.For the shock wave striking helium bubble,the magnetic field is not able to trigger the symmetry breaking of bubble but change the speed of the bubble movement.In the process of droplet formation from a submerged orifice,the collision between the droplet and the liquid surface causes symmetry breaking.Both the viscosity and the magnetic field exacerbate symmetry breaking.The computational results agree with the published experimental results.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10835009)the China 973 project (No. 2009GB103000)
文摘A new method, by using eigenmodes to reduce the fitting parameters and precalculated eddy current based on a lump parameter circuit equation, is applied to reconstruct the vacuum field for EAST plasma startup.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB921601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Research Team (Grant No. 61121064)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20111401130001)the Graduate Outstanding Innovation Item of Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 20113001)
文摘In theory, we study the quantum tluctuatlons ot tlae suDllarmonlc renecteu nela Irom a ulplc-rc^ulltUtt IdU^ClIClatC optical parametric amplifier （OPA） inside an optical cavity. We discuss two cases, where the linewidth of the harmonic field is either much narrower or broader than the subharmonic field. Since an electromagnetically-induced-transparency （EIT）-like effect can be simulated in a triple-resonant OPA, the output spectra from a triple-resonant OPA with a squeezed vacuum input may simulate the phenomenon of the response of an EIT medium for squeezed states. This scheme can be implemented with present experimental setups.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21375129 and 21675155)
文摘It is difficult to rapidly and on-line detect trace volatile organic compounds for miniature massspectrometry due to its limited sampling volume at slow pumping speed. In this paper, we developed anew radiofrequency field enhanced chemical ionization source （RF-ECI） with vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）lamp by coupling radiofrequency electric field and direct-current field together. The experiment resultsshowed that the sensitivity of benzene, toluene, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds increased by 2-3orders of magnitude under the introduction of RF-ECI comparing to traditional single photon ionization（SPI）. At the same time, the reagent ion of O2＋ realized the charge transfer reaction chemical ionization,and the RF-ECI effectively expanded the detection range of the VUV lamp based SPI. The VUV lamp hasinherent advantages in the on-site analytical instrument for its small size and low power consumption,and the VUV lamp based RF-ECI miniature time-of-flight mass spectrometer （TOFMS） has a limit-of-detection for H2S as low as 0.0571 mg/m3, and it is expected to be used widely in the field of on-site rapidanalvsis.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10875122)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.kjcx-yw-n28)
文摘Vacuum poloidal magnetic field of tokamak in alternating-current （AC） operation is investigated. It is found that the vacuum magnetic field in AC operation is qualitatively different from that in direct-current （DC） operation. In the DC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with one period, while in the AC case, the vacuum magnetic field varies along the poloidal direction with two periods. This implies that two sets of vertical field coil may be needed for the AC operation.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province under Grant (No.2008J0217)
文摘Using multipohton Tavis-Cummings model,the entanglement evolution of two coupling two-level atoms in Bell states interacting with a single-mode vacuum field is investigated by using negativity.The influences of coupling constants between atoms,the atomic initial states and the photon number of transition on the entanglement evolution of two coupling two-level atoms are discussed.The results obtained using the numerical method show that the entanglement of two atoms is related with coupling constants between atoms,the atomic initial states and the photon number of transition.The two-atom entanglement state will forever stay in the maximum entanglement state when the initial state is β11〉.When the initial state of two atoms is β01〉,the entanglement of two atoms displays periodic oscillation behavior.And its oscillation period decreases with increasing of coupling constant between atoms or the photon number of transition.On the other hand,when the initial state is β00〉 or β10〉,the entanglement of two atoms displays quasiperiodic oscillation behavior and its oscillation period decreases with increasing of coupling constant between atoms or the photon number of transition.
文摘It is shown that the deflection of star light passing by the Sun, which is allegedly explainable only by general relativity, can be understood quantitatively as a quasi-classical effect of light refraction in the vacuum polarized by the Sun's gravitational field. The theory of the dielectric polarization of the vacuum proposed pre- viously is further developed for the corresponding effect of the polarization of the vacuum in a gravitational field. The resulting refractive index of the vacuum in the presence of a gravitational field gives for the deflection of light by the Sun an angle |0| = 1.77', which is in good agreement with the experimental observations and the result of general relativity. From the theory Presented, it can also be deduced that the velocity of a horizontal light beam at 1000 km above ground level of the Earth has a velocity deficit - c= 5.73 cm / s in comparison to the light velocity on the ground.
文摘This paper begins by exploring a useful and neglected detail of a photon—its physical size perpendicular to the direction of propagation in the same way as an atom or neutron has a physical size. Such a photon size would be quite separate from the cross-section of a photonic interaction, which depends on the material interacting. Such a perpendicular dimension of a photon will be invariant under Lorentz transform parallel to the light propagation direction and will thus be the same for all frequencies of light. This study also leads to new details about how a photon interacts, offering an explanation for the familiar physics where light slightly above and below the mean frequency of an excited state can still excite the same state without violation of conservation of energy—a mystery explored thoroughly in a previous paper without finding the solution offered here. As usual, a better elucidation of the details of light interaction also leads to new insights—especially about the vacuum field. The <strong>Appendix </strong>summarizes some previous research relevant to this
文摘From 1990 to 2005 NASA did six flybys of Earth in order to boost the energy of each spacecraft, enabling them to go deeper into the solar system. These six flybys showed an unexpected violation in the conservation of energy of up to 100 sigmas, matching a simple physical formula related to the input and output spacecraft velocities relative to the Earth rotational plane. Mysteriously, occasionally the effect was not present. After several years of reviewing the data and evaluating all sources of perturbation known to NASA, no solution was identified. NASA sent the final report to the author above for further review. Independently, the author’s firm Optical Physics Company had published research into the vacuum field, finding that it was not constant but varied across the Earth’s orbit and was also separately detected being radiated by the Sun. The physics we had learned was applied to the NASA passes, allowing all the anomalies they had encountered to be explained and adding considerably to our understanding of the vacuum field. We hypothesized a radially emitted vacuum field (which controls the rate of time) would couple the radial direction r with time t to add a gtr term in the metric tensor. We then combined the previously published experimental data of the vacuum field radiated by the Sun with the NASA data to develop a formula for the emission of the vacuum field from warm rotating bodies, accurate to about 1%. 25 candidate formulas were evaluated, based on powers of radial acceleration and temperature, and one was definitively selected. This research offers a linkage between the vacuum field whose spectrum is proportional to h and an effect on the metric tensor of gravity. Since both gravity and h control time rates, it seemed credible they could both affect the metric tensor.
基金supported in part by the National"973"Program of China(No.2011CB921601)NSFC Project for Excellent Research Team(No.61121064)the Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education China(No.20111401130001)
文摘We experimentally investigate the optical cavity tor various coupled regimes wltn an mjectea squeezeo vacuum state.We measure the quantum fluctuation spectra of the reflected field of an optical cavity using the homodyne detection and present the spectral dependence on the absorption and dispersion properties of the cavity in the under-coupled,critically-coupled,and over-coupled regimes.The spectra lineshape is phase sensitive with the phase shift induced by the cavity.Moreover,we find that the over-coupled optical cavity has obvious advantage in the manipulation of quantum fluctuation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11101085)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2015J0101)
文摘In this paper, a new class of solutions of the vacuum Einstein＇s field equa- tions with cosmological constant is obtained. This class of solutions possesses the naked physical singularity. The norm of the Riemann curvature tensor of this class of solutions takes infinity at some points and the solutions do not have any event horizon around the singularity.
