Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJ...Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.展开更多
通过一种单步水热法成功制备了花状VS_2纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品进行表征,并研究了其生长机制。实验结果表明:反应温度及时间的不同直接影响着VS_2纳米片的形貌...通过一种单步水热法成功制备了花状VS_2纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品进行表征,并研究了其生长机制。实验结果表明:反应温度及时间的不同直接影响着VS_2纳米片的形貌。此外,通过使用VS_2纳米片作为锂离子电池阳极材料,分别研究了充放电电压和循环性能等性质。在200 m A/g电流密度下,电池初始充放电能力分别为195.4和90.6 m Ah/g。随着循环充放电的进行,该电极材料的库伦效率高达98%。可以认为VS_2纳米材料具备高效、高能量密度锂离子电池的阳极材料。展开更多
High performance microwave absorption(MA)materials especially those with tunable frequency are highly desirable for telecommunication industries and military camouflage in the information era.Herein,we constructed hie...High performance microwave absorption(MA)materials especially those with tunable frequency are highly desirable for telecommunication industries and military camouflage in the information era.Herein,we constructed hierarchical heterostructures based on VB-group laminated vanadium disulfide(VS_(2))nanosheets embedded with cobalt tetroxide(Co_(3)O_(4))nanoparticles.The highly dispersed Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles generate strong electromagnetic coupling networks that could enhance the loss properties of MA materials.Moreover,the interconnected VS_(2)layered network results in dipolar/interfacial polarization,multiple reflection and scattering favorable for the enhanced MA performance.Impressively,the maximum reflection loss of the VS_(2)/Co_(3)O_(4)hybrids containing 10%Co_(3)O_(4)can reach 57.96 dB at a thin thickness of 1.57 mm,and the bandwidth with an RL value less than-10 dB is as large as 3.5 GHz.The effective MA band could be adjusted in a range of 15.1 GHz(2.9-18 GHz)from S to Ku bands by the increase in thickness from 1.2 mm to 5.5 mm.The results show that the synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms and good impedance matching could be the reasons for strong MA capability in nearly all frequency bands,and thus,the high-performance and lightweight MA materials could be developed by the VS_(2)/Co_(3)O_(4)hybrids.展开更多
Portable and furnished electronics appliances demand power efficient energy storage devices where electrochemical supercapacitors gain much more attention.In this concern,a simple,low-cost and industry scalable succes...Portable and furnished electronics appliances demand power efficient energy storage devices where electrochemical supercapacitors gain much more attention.In this concern,a simple,low-cost and industry scalable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction(SILAR)approach has been adopted to deposit nanostructured VS_2onto flexible and light-weight stainless steel(SS)substrate towards supercapacitor application.The nanocrystalline nature with hexagonal crystal structure has been confirmed for VS_2through structural analysis.The VS_2electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 349 F g^(-1)with a super stable behavior in three-electrode liquid-state configuration.Fabricated flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor(FSSC)device using gel electrolyte yields specific power of 1.5 k W kg^(-1)(specific energy of 25.9 Wh kg^(-1))with a widen voltage window of 1.6 V.A red LED has been glown for30 s using the system consisted of two devices in series combination.Furthermore,the system glows a combination of 21 red LEDs network with acronym‘VNIT’,demonstrating commercial exposure.The attribution of device demonstration even under mechanical stress holds great promise towards advanced flexible electronics application.展开更多
In Me2SO, an X-philic reaction took place between α-cyanobenzyl carbanion and CCl4. The intermediate dichlorocarbene was trapped by the primary product dicyanostilbene to give the alkene-carbene adduct, 1, 1-dichloro...In Me2SO, an X-philic reaction took place between α-cyanobenzyl carbanion and CCl4. The intermediate dichlorocarbene was trapped by the primary product dicyanostilbene to give the alkene-carbene adduct, 1, 1-dichloro - 2, 3 -dicyano -2, 3 -diphenylcyclopropane.展开更多
In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS⁃2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC⁃500 and EVIS.VS⁃2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90%of mercury(Ⅱ)5⁃hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10...In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS⁃2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC⁃500 and EVIS.VS⁃2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90%of mercury(Ⅱ)5⁃hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10%of optically trans⁃parent copolymer of 2⁃methyl⁃5⁃vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid(PVMT).We have found that the flash lamps make it possi⁃ble to initiate combustion of VS⁃2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high,and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^(-2)and 90 mg·cm^(-2),showing ignition delay times 10μs and 3μs,respectively.We also measured detonation velocities for VS⁃2 composition film charges,which were 4375-4505 m·s^(-1)(of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 4221-4281 m·s^(-1)(of the charge be⁃ing surface mass 90 mg·cm^(-2))and their blasting action on the aluminum plate.The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge⁃barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 1.2-1.3 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^(-2))展开更多
The authors present the effects of the total organic carbon( TOCinert) during pyrolysis and how it overall affects the estimates of the hydrocarbon index( HI) using the cross plot S2 vs. TOC graph. A total of 21 drill...The authors present the effects of the total organic carbon( TOCinert) during pyrolysis and how it overall affects the estimates of the hydrocarbon index( HI) using the cross plot S2 vs. TOC graph. A total of 21 drillcore samples consisting of the non-carbonaceous mudstones,carbonaceous mudstones,coaly mudstones and coals with S2> 0. 35 are selected and used. The average TOC for the sampled population is 10. 36 wt%.TOCinertmeasured from the S2 vs. TOC graph is 2. 97 wt% and the average pyrolysable TOCliveis 7. 39 wt%. The HI is 102 mg HC / g TOC and the pyrolysable HI is 175 mg HC / g TOC,indicating that the TOCinertor mi-neral matrix adsorbs some of the hydrocarbons liberated during pyrolysis resulting into the low HI values which affects the correct determination of the source rock potential. Other applications of the S2 vs. TOC cross plot have been used to determine the depositional system tracts. The high stand system tract is also determined through this method.展开更多
文摘Accurate water level measurement in nuclear reactors,particularly in PWRs(pressurized water reactors)and BWRs(boiling water reactors),is essential for ensuring the safety and efficiency of reactor operations.K-type HJTCs(heated junction thermocouples)are widely used for this purpose due to their ability to withstand extreme temperatures and radiation conditions.This article explores the role of HJTCs in reactor water level measurement and compares the performance of 2-wire and 3-wire connections.While the 2-wire connection is simple and cost-effective,it can introduce measurement inaccuracies due to wire resistance.In contrast,the 3-wire connection compensates for lead resistance,offering more precise and reliable measurements,particularly in long-distance applications.This paper discusses the operational considerations of these wiring configurations in the context of nuclear reactors and highlights the importance of choosing the appropriate connection type to optimize safety and measurement accuracy in PWR and BWR reactors.
基金Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(CX2014B127)
文摘通过一种单步水热法成功制备了花状VS_2纳米片。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品进行表征,并研究了其生长机制。实验结果表明:反应温度及时间的不同直接影响着VS_2纳米片的形貌。此外,通过使用VS_2纳米片作为锂离子电池阳极材料,分别研究了充放电电压和循环性能等性质。在200 m A/g电流密度下,电池初始充放电能力分别为195.4和90.6 m Ah/g。随着循环充放电的进行,该电极材料的库伦效率高达98%。可以认为VS_2纳米材料具备高效、高能量密度锂离子电池的阳极材料。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51772160 and 51977009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M682029)Regional Joint Fund for Basic Research and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(No.2020SA001515110905)。
文摘High performance microwave absorption(MA)materials especially those with tunable frequency are highly desirable for telecommunication industries and military camouflage in the information era.Herein,we constructed hierarchical heterostructures based on VB-group laminated vanadium disulfide(VS_(2))nanosheets embedded with cobalt tetroxide(Co_(3)O_(4))nanoparticles.The highly dispersed Co_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles generate strong electromagnetic coupling networks that could enhance the loss properties of MA materials.Moreover,the interconnected VS_(2)layered network results in dipolar/interfacial polarization,multiple reflection and scattering favorable for the enhanced MA performance.Impressively,the maximum reflection loss of the VS_(2)/Co_(3)O_(4)hybrids containing 10%Co_(3)O_(4)can reach 57.96 dB at a thin thickness of 1.57 mm,and the bandwidth with an RL value less than-10 dB is as large as 3.5 GHz.The effective MA band could be adjusted in a range of 15.1 GHz(2.9-18 GHz)from S to Ku bands by the increase in thickness from 1.2 mm to 5.5 mm.The results show that the synergistic effect of multiple loss mechanisms and good impedance matching could be the reasons for strong MA capability in nearly all frequency bands,and thus,the high-performance and lightweight MA materials could be developed by the VS_(2)/Co_(3)O_(4)hybrids.
文摘Portable and furnished electronics appliances demand power efficient energy storage devices where electrochemical supercapacitors gain much more attention.In this concern,a simple,low-cost and industry scalable successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction(SILAR)approach has been adopted to deposit nanostructured VS_2onto flexible and light-weight stainless steel(SS)substrate towards supercapacitor application.The nanocrystalline nature with hexagonal crystal structure has been confirmed for VS_2through structural analysis.The VS_2electrode exhibits a maximum specific capacitance of 349 F g^(-1)with a super stable behavior in three-electrode liquid-state configuration.Fabricated flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor(FSSC)device using gel electrolyte yields specific power of 1.5 k W kg^(-1)(specific energy of 25.9 Wh kg^(-1))with a widen voltage window of 1.6 V.A red LED has been glown for30 s using the system consisted of two devices in series combination.Furthermore,the system glows a combination of 21 red LEDs network with acronym‘VNIT’,demonstrating commercial exposure.The attribution of device demonstration even under mechanical stress holds great promise towards advanced flexible electronics application.
文摘In Me2SO, an X-philic reaction took place between α-cyanobenzyl carbanion and CCl4. The intermediate dichlorocarbene was trapped by the primary product dicyanostilbene to give the alkene-carbene adduct, 1, 1-dichloro - 2, 3 -dicyano -2, 3 -diphenylcyclopropane.
文摘In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS⁃2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC⁃500 and EVIS.VS⁃2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90%of mercury(Ⅱ)5⁃hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10%of optically trans⁃parent copolymer of 2⁃methyl⁃5⁃vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid(PVMT).We have found that the flash lamps make it possi⁃ble to initiate combustion of VS⁃2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high,and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm^(-2)and 90 mg·cm^(-2),showing ignition delay times 10μs and 3μs,respectively.We also measured detonation velocities for VS⁃2 composition film charges,which were 4375-4505 m·s^(-1)(of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 4221-4281 m·s^(-1)(of the charge be⁃ing surface mass 90 mg·cm^(-2))and their blasting action on the aluminum plate.The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge⁃barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm^(-2))and 1.2-1.3 mm(for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm^(-2))
文摘The authors present the effects of the total organic carbon( TOCinert) during pyrolysis and how it overall affects the estimates of the hydrocarbon index( HI) using the cross plot S2 vs. TOC graph. A total of 21 drillcore samples consisting of the non-carbonaceous mudstones,carbonaceous mudstones,coaly mudstones and coals with S2> 0. 35 are selected and used. The average TOC for the sampled population is 10. 36 wt%.TOCinertmeasured from the S2 vs. TOC graph is 2. 97 wt% and the average pyrolysable TOCliveis 7. 39 wt%. The HI is 102 mg HC / g TOC and the pyrolysable HI is 175 mg HC / g TOC,indicating that the TOCinertor mi-neral matrix adsorbs some of the hydrocarbons liberated during pyrolysis resulting into the low HI values which affects the correct determination of the source rock potential. Other applications of the S2 vs. TOC cross plot have been used to determine the depositional system tracts. The high stand system tract is also determined through this method.
