Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered a foundation for good health and longevity. The variable, VO2max, is considered a reliable measure of cardiorespiratory health. The measurement of VO2max is stressful and ...Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered a foundation for good health and longevity. The variable, VO2max, is considered a reliable measure of cardiorespiratory health. The measurement of VO2max is stressful and is not a common practice, thus, it is desirable to relate VO2max to other variables including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and physical activity. Mathematical models are presented to relate VO2max to age, gender, BMI, body fat percentage, and aerobic exercise. Predictions match well with measured VO2max data published in the literature. The robust models are stable for all boundary conditions including young adults to old age and lower sedentary to Olympic-trained levels of relative fitness for both male and female applications. The relationship may be especially helpful for older people who are dealing with elevated values of BMI. The models build on two levels of relative fitness (sedentary and endurance-trained) and boundary conditions of Olympic-trained athletes and lower sedentary conditions. Thus, the model responds to a full range of fitness conditions. Four equations are provided: one with relative fitness related to distance walked or ran each week, one using BMI to estimate relative fitness, and two using both BMI and BFP to estimate relative fitness (one interacting with age). An equation is also provided to evaluate the dynamic change in relative fitness using input of distance walked or ran each day, which can be estimated by a smart watch. The equation that only uses age, gender, and BMI as inputs overestimates VO2max for people with low BMI and who are physically inactive. This weakness is partially overcome by adding BFP as a variable when available. The most accurate equation is the one that uses distance walked or ran each day to estimate relative fitness based on the individual’s physical activity. Unfortunately, this method requires the individual to keep track of their physical activity daily. Relative fitness may be a more appropriate variable than VO2max to indicate fitness because it is independent of age.展开更多
以V_2O_5、C_(12)H_(22)O_(11)和AgNO_3为原料,采用水热法制备Ag掺杂VO_2(B)正极材料,通过XRD、FESEM、XPS、EDS、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等表征手段,研究掺Ag对VO_2(B)的结构、形貌及电化学性能的变化规律。结果表明,当掺杂量为0....以V_2O_5、C_(12)H_(22)O_(11)和AgNO_3为原料,采用水热法制备Ag掺杂VO_2(B)正极材料,通过XRD、FESEM、XPS、EDS、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等表征手段,研究掺Ag对VO_2(B)的结构、形貌及电化学性能的变化规律。结果表明,当掺杂量为0.43%(atom)时,样品(Ag_1)首次放电比容量为340.5 m A·h·g^(-1),较未掺杂样品(Ag_0)提高了80.5%。当掺杂量为1.28%(atom)时,样品(Ag_3)表现出最好的循环稳定性,首次放电容量为213.6 m A·h·g^(-1),100次循环后,容量保持率为58.3%。展开更多
目的探讨复苏后6 h静动脉二氧化碳含量差(Cv-aCO2)/动静脉氧含量差(Da-vO2)联合乳酸清除率对感染性休克患者预后的评估价值。方法选取感染性休克108例(≥18岁,原发病均为肺部感染),根据复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2和乳酸清除率将其分为A、...目的探讨复苏后6 h静动脉二氧化碳含量差(Cv-aCO2)/动静脉氧含量差(Da-vO2)联合乳酸清除率对感染性休克患者预后的评估价值。方法选取感染性休克108例(≥18岁,原发病均为肺部感染),根据复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2和乳酸清除率将其分为A、B、C和D组4组:A组21例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO 2>1,乳酸清除率>0.10;B组38例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2>1,乳酸清除率≤0.10;C组26例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2≤1,乳酸清除率≤0.10;D组23例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2≤1,乳酸清除率>0.10。对复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2、乳酸清除率和入组后第3天序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分进行析因方差分析,并比较4组入组后第3天SOFA评分及入组后28 d全因病死率。结果析因方差分析结果显示,感染性休克108例复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2与入组后第3天SOFA评分相关(P<0.01);复苏后6 h乳酸清除率与入组后第3天SOFA评分也相关(P<0.05)。One-way ANOVA统计分析结果显示,4组入组后第3天SOFA评分总体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。4组入组后第3天SOFA评分两两比较结果显示,A组与B组和C组与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与C组、A组与D组、B组与C组和B组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。A组入组后28 d全因病死率71.43%;B组入组后28 d全因病死率73.68%,C组入组后28 d全因病死率30.77%,D组入组后28 d全因病死率26.09%,4组入组后28 d全因病死率总体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);入组后28 d全因病死率A组与B组和C组与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组与C组、A组与D组、B组与C组和B组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2和乳酸清除率均可以预测感染性休克患者预后,但二者联合未显示出更优预测价值。展开更多
文摘Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is considered a foundation for good health and longevity. The variable, VO2max, is considered a reliable measure of cardiorespiratory health. The measurement of VO2max is stressful and is not a common practice, thus, it is desirable to relate VO2max to other variables including age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), and physical activity. Mathematical models are presented to relate VO2max to age, gender, BMI, body fat percentage, and aerobic exercise. Predictions match well with measured VO2max data published in the literature. The robust models are stable for all boundary conditions including young adults to old age and lower sedentary to Olympic-trained levels of relative fitness for both male and female applications. The relationship may be especially helpful for older people who are dealing with elevated values of BMI. The models build on two levels of relative fitness (sedentary and endurance-trained) and boundary conditions of Olympic-trained athletes and lower sedentary conditions. Thus, the model responds to a full range of fitness conditions. Four equations are provided: one with relative fitness related to distance walked or ran each week, one using BMI to estimate relative fitness, and two using both BMI and BFP to estimate relative fitness (one interacting with age). An equation is also provided to evaluate the dynamic change in relative fitness using input of distance walked or ran each day, which can be estimated by a smart watch. The equation that only uses age, gender, and BMI as inputs overestimates VO2max for people with low BMI and who are physically inactive. This weakness is partially overcome by adding BFP as a variable when available. The most accurate equation is the one that uses distance walked or ran each day to estimate relative fitness based on the individual’s physical activity. Unfortunately, this method requires the individual to keep track of their physical activity daily. Relative fitness may be a more appropriate variable than VO2max to indicate fitness because it is independent of age.
文摘以V_2O_5、C_(12)H_(22)O_(11)和AgNO_3为原料,采用水热法制备Ag掺杂VO_2(B)正极材料,通过XRD、FESEM、XPS、EDS、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)等表征手段,研究掺Ag对VO_2(B)的结构、形貌及电化学性能的变化规律。结果表明,当掺杂量为0.43%(atom)时,样品(Ag_1)首次放电比容量为340.5 m A·h·g^(-1),较未掺杂样品(Ag_0)提高了80.5%。当掺杂量为1.28%(atom)时,样品(Ag_3)表现出最好的循环稳定性,首次放电容量为213.6 m A·h·g^(-1),100次循环后,容量保持率为58.3%。
文摘目的探讨复苏后6 h静动脉二氧化碳含量差(Cv-aCO2)/动静脉氧含量差(Da-vO2)联合乳酸清除率对感染性休克患者预后的评估价值。方法选取感染性休克108例(≥18岁,原发病均为肺部感染),根据复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2和乳酸清除率将其分为A、B、C和D组4组:A组21例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO 2>1,乳酸清除率>0.10;B组38例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2>1,乳酸清除率≤0.10;C组26例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2≤1,乳酸清除率≤0.10;D组23例,Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2≤1,乳酸清除率>0.10。对复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2、乳酸清除率和入组后第3天序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分进行析因方差分析,并比较4组入组后第3天SOFA评分及入组后28 d全因病死率。结果析因方差分析结果显示,感染性休克108例复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2与入组后第3天SOFA评分相关(P<0.01);复苏后6 h乳酸清除率与入组后第3天SOFA评分也相关(P<0.05)。One-way ANOVA统计分析结果显示,4组入组后第3天SOFA评分总体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。4组入组后第3天SOFA评分两两比较结果显示,A组与B组和C组与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组与C组、A组与D组、B组与C组和B组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。A组入组后28 d全因病死率71.43%;B组入组后28 d全因病死率73.68%,C组入组后28 d全因病死率30.77%,D组入组后28 d全因病死率26.09%,4组入组后28 d全因病死率总体比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);入组后28 d全因病死率A组与B组和C组与D组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),A组与C组、A组与D组、B组与C组和B组与D组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论复苏后6 h Cv-aCO2/Da-vO2和乳酸清除率均可以预测感染性休克患者预后,但二者联合未显示出更优预测价值。
