In multimodal learning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become a critical research focus, enabling the integration of textual and visual data. These models have shown significant promise across various natural lang...In multimodal learning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become a critical research focus, enabling the integration of textual and visual data. These models have shown significant promise across various natural language processing tasks, such as visual question answering and computer vision applications, including image captioning and image-text retrieval, highlighting their adaptability for complex, multimodal datasets. In this work, we review the landscape of Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training (BLIP) and other VLM techniques. A comparative analysis is conducted to assess VLMs’ strengths, limitations, and applicability across tasks while examining challenges such as scalability, data quality, and fine-tuning complexities. The work concludes by outlining potential future directions in VLM research, focusing on enhancing model interpretability, addressing ethical implications, and advancing multimodal integration in real-world applications.展开更多
Nanoparticles are significant for veterinary vaccine development because they are safer and more effective than conventional formulations.One promising area of research involves self-assembled protein nanoparticles(SA...Nanoparticles are significant for veterinary vaccine development because they are safer and more effective than conventional formulations.One promising area of research involves self-assembled protein nanoparticles(SAPNs),which have shown potential for enhancing antigen-presenting cell uptake,B-cell activation,and lymph node trafficking.Numerous nanovaccines have been utilized in veterinary medicine,including natural self-assembled protein nanoparticles,rationally designed self-assembled protein nanoparticles,animal virus-derived nanoparticles,bacteriophagederived nanoparticles,and plant-derived nanoparticles,which will be discussed in this review.SAPN vaccines can produce robust cellular and humoral immune responses and have been shown to protect against various animal infectious diseases.This article attempts to summarize these diverse nanovaccine types and their recent research progress in the field of veterinary medicine.Furthermore,this paper highlights their disadvantages and methods for improving their immunogenicity.展开更多
为了提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)衣壳(Cap)蛋白病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的产量,本试验探索了采用加热法促进杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达的Cap蛋白体外组装的可行性,通过高效液相尺寸排阻色谱法定量PCV2 Cap VLPs,分析4~56℃加热0~10 h对细胞培养液上清...为了提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)衣壳(Cap)蛋白病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的产量,本试验探索了采用加热法促进杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达的Cap蛋白体外组装的可行性,通过高效液相尺寸排阻色谱法定量PCV2 Cap VLPs,分析4~56℃加热0~10 h对细胞培养液上清中PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度的影响,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)验证;通过监测45℃加热6 h后的细胞培养液上清在4℃放置6个月中PCV2 Cap VLPs的浓度变化,验证PCV2 Cap VLPs的稳定性;通过全能核酸酶消化试验验证宿主核酸对PCV2 Cap VLPs组装的作用;对比加热与未加热工艺的PCV2 Cap VLPs纯化收率,并通过高效液相尺寸排阻色谱偶联多角度激光散射、圆二色光谱、差示扫描量热法和微量热泳动分析2种工艺所得PCV2 Cap VLPs表征的一致性。结果显示,细胞培养液上清中PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度随着温度和时间的延长逐渐升高,其中45℃加热6 h后PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度为未加热的3.77倍,TEM观察进一步验证PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度增加。加热后形成的PCV2 Cap VLPs在4℃储存6个月浓度稳定,未出现解聚现象。全能核酸酶消化试验显示,加热过程中宿主核酸的作用并非关键因素。采用45℃加热6 h后再进行纯化,PCV2 Cap VLPs纯化收率是未加热工艺的2.9倍。经分析,加热与未加热工艺所得PCV2 Cap VLPs具有一致的分子量(2.385×10^(6)和2.361×10^(6) Da)、水力学半径(10.1和10.2 nm)、热转变温度Tm(67.22和66.92℃)、二级结构和特异性抗体亲和力(49.0和76.5 pmol/L),表明两者具有相近结构。本试验为PCV2 Cap VLPs的生产探索了一个提高产量的新方法,为兽用疫苗的研发提供了在抗原性质分析方法上的借鉴。展开更多
文摘In multimodal learning, Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become a critical research focus, enabling the integration of textual and visual data. These models have shown significant promise across various natural language processing tasks, such as visual question answering and computer vision applications, including image captioning and image-text retrieval, highlighting their adaptability for complex, multimodal datasets. In this work, we review the landscape of Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training (BLIP) and other VLM techniques. A comparative analysis is conducted to assess VLMs’ strengths, limitations, and applicability across tasks while examining challenges such as scalability, data quality, and fine-tuning complexities. The work concludes by outlining potential future directions in VLM research, focusing on enhancing model interpretability, addressing ethical implications, and advancing multimodal integration in real-world applications.
文摘Nanoparticles are significant for veterinary vaccine development because they are safer and more effective than conventional formulations.One promising area of research involves self-assembled protein nanoparticles(SAPNs),which have shown potential for enhancing antigen-presenting cell uptake,B-cell activation,and lymph node trafficking.Numerous nanovaccines have been utilized in veterinary medicine,including natural self-assembled protein nanoparticles,rationally designed self-assembled protein nanoparticles,animal virus-derived nanoparticles,bacteriophagederived nanoparticles,and plant-derived nanoparticles,which will be discussed in this review.SAPN vaccines can produce robust cellular and humoral immune responses and have been shown to protect against various animal infectious diseases.This article attempts to summarize these diverse nanovaccine types and their recent research progress in the field of veterinary medicine.Furthermore,this paper highlights their disadvantages and methods for improving their immunogenicity.
文摘为了提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)衣壳(Cap)蛋白病毒样颗粒(VLPs)的产量,本试验探索了采用加热法促进杆状病毒-昆虫细胞表达的Cap蛋白体外组装的可行性,通过高效液相尺寸排阻色谱法定量PCV2 Cap VLPs,分析4~56℃加热0~10 h对细胞培养液上清中PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度的影响,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)验证;通过监测45℃加热6 h后的细胞培养液上清在4℃放置6个月中PCV2 Cap VLPs的浓度变化,验证PCV2 Cap VLPs的稳定性;通过全能核酸酶消化试验验证宿主核酸对PCV2 Cap VLPs组装的作用;对比加热与未加热工艺的PCV2 Cap VLPs纯化收率,并通过高效液相尺寸排阻色谱偶联多角度激光散射、圆二色光谱、差示扫描量热法和微量热泳动分析2种工艺所得PCV2 Cap VLPs表征的一致性。结果显示,细胞培养液上清中PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度随着温度和时间的延长逐渐升高,其中45℃加热6 h后PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度为未加热的3.77倍,TEM观察进一步验证PCV2 Cap VLPs浓度增加。加热后形成的PCV2 Cap VLPs在4℃储存6个月浓度稳定,未出现解聚现象。全能核酸酶消化试验显示,加热过程中宿主核酸的作用并非关键因素。采用45℃加热6 h后再进行纯化,PCV2 Cap VLPs纯化收率是未加热工艺的2.9倍。经分析,加热与未加热工艺所得PCV2 Cap VLPs具有一致的分子量(2.385×10^(6)和2.361×10^(6) Da)、水力学半径(10.1和10.2 nm)、热转变温度Tm(67.22和66.92℃)、二级结构和特异性抗体亲和力(49.0和76.5 pmol/L),表明两者具有相近结构。本试验为PCV2 Cap VLPs的生产探索了一个提高产量的新方法,为兽用疫苗的研发提供了在抗原性质分析方法上的借鉴。
