[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vitis heyneana cultivation on rocky hillsides on the variation of soil fertility,so as to provide theoretical support for economic development and the...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vitis heyneana cultivation on rocky hillsides on the variation of soil fertility,so as to provide theoretical support for economic development and the control of rocky desertification in the Dashi mountainous area.[Methods]Taking V.heyneana planting base in Luocheng County,Hechi City,Guangxi Province as the research object,the methods of field investigation,regular sampling and experimental analysis were used to analyze seasonal variations of soil urease,sucrase and soil alkaline phosphatase activity of 15 different sample plots surveyed,and their correlation with soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed.[Results]①In general,sucrase,urease and alkaline phosphatase were lower in summer and autumn,and higher in spring and winter,and the performance of the activity of the three enzymes was inconsistent.Among them,the activity of sucrase was in order of spring>autumn>summer>winter,and the activity of urease and alkaline phosphatase showed an order of winter>spring>summer>autumn.②The seasonal variations of soil fertility in different sample plots were affected by various factors such as human disturbance,climate change,vegetation coverage,topography and landforms,cultivation and management measures,and although the change laws in different sample plots were different,the seasonal differences in soil fertility in the same place were extremely significant.③If the influence of artificial fertilization factors is excluded,the planting of V.heyneana on rocky hillsides will cause a significant decrease in soil enzyme activity,that is,a significant decrease in soil fertility.[Conclusions]Related issues such as the effects of planting V.heyneana on the variation of soil fertility in rocky hillsides should arouse necessary attention of management departments and producers.展开更多
随着高品质相机的普及和图像处理领域的不断发展,人们对图像质量提出了更高的要求。现有的工业相机采集到的图像信息都存在一定的色偏现象,一般需要图像处理器(Image Signal Processor,ISP)对图像进行处理。白平衡处理作为ISP处理中一...随着高品质相机的普及和图像处理领域的不断发展,人们对图像质量提出了更高的要求。现有的工业相机采集到的图像信息都存在一定的色偏现象,一般需要图像处理器(Image Signal Processor,ISP)对图像进行处理。白平衡处理作为ISP处理中一个非常重要的功能,直接决定着图像信息的色彩效果。本文基于Vitis HLS平台实现了AXI-stream视频流接口的白平衡算法IP,同时基于ZYNQ的ARM+FPGA的片上系统对IP进行了上板验证。本算法IP在1920×1080@60fps的视频流下保证了算法的实时性,同时对图像具有良好的校正效果。展开更多
Grapevine is unique among crops because its domestication resulted not only in new morphological characteristics,but also in altered reproductive mechanisms.Viticulture involves a change from a dioecious to a hermaphr...Grapevine is unique among crops because its domestication resulted not only in new morphological characteristics,but also in altered reproductive mechanisms.Viticulture involves a change from a dioecious to a hermaphroditic mating system,which makes the reproductive system more efficient.In consequence and the fact that it is one of the oldest and most economically important cultivated plants,Vitis vinifera could be defined as an over-domesticated species.Here we review some key aspects in viticulture.The main areas of interest have remained consistent throughout history,including the origin and characterisation of cultivars,resistance to environmental con-ditions,pests and pathogens,and berry quality.Advances in genomic analysis and epigenetics shed new light on these aspects.Although the vine has a long and complex life cycle,recent haplotype sequencing techniques allow genomic characteristics related to different reproduction processes to be identified.Recent work on haplotype sequencing reveals genomic changes accompanying each reproductive type,providing improved detail about the sex-determining region(SDR).Meanwhile,the application of epigenetic analysis offers new tools for defining varietal characteristics and their responses to changing environmental conditions.However,critical issues,such as differentiating between sylvestris and feral cultivars,remain unclear.Understanding the molecular basis of morphological differences and investigating the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and genome dynamics in response to breeding and environmental factors in this species will be crucial.Seed morphology could help to resolve how to differentiate between wild and feral plants.展开更多
Grapes are the main reason why the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is cultivated. However, climate, soil conditions, vegetation and anthropogenic effects on the soil greatly affect grapevine production. The organoleptic...Grapes are the main reason why the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is cultivated. However, climate, soil conditions, vegetation and anthropogenic effects on the soil greatly affect grapevine production. The organoleptic properties of grape-derived products, such as wine, are influenced by these factors, which are becoming increasingly popular in Africa. Thus, grapevines, which are commonly grown in warm regions, are acclimatized in Africa using grapevine varieties that can adjust to tropical conditions. This study, which was carried out in 2019, aimed to promote grapevine cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire by examining the influence of pedoclimatic factors on the agro-physiological characteristics of grapevines. In Côte d’Ivoire, there were four distinct agro-ecological zones (North, South, Southeast and West) where three grapevine varieties, Bequignol, Muscat Rouge and Aleatico, were grown. Grapevine plants could grow robustly in morpho-physiological ways because the soils had sufficient fertility, as revealed by the analysis of experimental sites. Grapevine varieties have successfully adapted to different terroirs, with the exception of Muscat Rouge, which only displayed favorable morphological characteristics in the Man zone (West). Regardless of the grape variety, the regions with the best grapevine-growing conditions were Man (West), followed by Aboisso (Southeast). Consequently, grapevine development was less favorable in Korhogo (North) and Abidjan (South) zones. Thus, the cultivation of grapevine varieties in Côte d’Ivoire was greatly influenced by terroir.展开更多
Nitrate is the primary nitrogen source for plants and is a signaling molecule regulating various plant developmental processes. Despite its significance, limited information is available on nitrate signaling in Vitis ...Nitrate is the primary nitrogen source for plants and is a signaling molecule regulating various plant developmental processes. Despite its significance, limited information is available on nitrate signaling in Vitis vinifera. We identified nine Vv RWP-RK genes distributed across eight chromosomes using genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses. Among these, Vv NLP1-4 and Vv RKD1-5 are associated with nitrate signaling and reproductive growth, respectively. To investigate their potential functions, structures, cis-acting promoter elements,functional structural domains, phylogenetic trees, spatiotemporal expression levels in different tissues at different developmental stages,potential protein-protein interaction networks, synteny(gene content), collinearity(gene order), and three-dimensional protein structure prediction were explored. We found that long-term nitrate application dramatically promoted grapevine plantlet development, including primary root length and leaf growth, and Vv NLP1.1, Vv NLP1.2, and Vv NLP2 were highly expressed in ‘Thompson Seedless' root tissues under nitrate-enriched conditions. To clarify the critical role of nitrate in grapevine growth, we observed that nuclear localization of Vv NLP1.1increased significantly following nitrate treatment. Vv NLP1.1 was found to bind to the promoter of the primary nitrate response gene Vv NRT1.1,driving its transcriptional activity. These findings indicate that Vv NLP1.1 is a core transcription factor of the nitrate signaling pathway in grapevine. Nitrate molecular docking analysis revealed that Vv NLP1.1 directly binds to nitrate ions, indicating its potential role as a nitrate sensor capable of directly perceiving nitrate concentration. We also discovered that short-term nitrate starvation impacts Vv NLP1.1 promoter activity, linked to the abscisic acid-binding element(ABRE) motif in its promoter region. Our results thus provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying various physiological processes in grapevine, particularly the nitrate signaling pathway, and provide a theoretical basis for improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) in grapevine.展开更多
Stilbenes,a natural plant phytoalexin,are involved in the plant's response to various biotic and abiotic stresses in its environment.STILBENE SYNTHASE(STS)is the key enzyme regulating resveratrol synthesis in grap...Stilbenes,a natural plant phytoalexin,are involved in the plant's response to various biotic and abiotic stresses in its environment.STILBENE SYNTHASE(STS)is the key enzyme regulating resveratrol synthesis in grapevine.However,the regulatory mechanism of STS gene expression remains unclear.In this study,we reported a NAC transcription factor,VqNAC17,in Vitis quinquangularis,which can improve plant resistance to salt stress,drought stress,and Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000)in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.Additionally,the interaction between the transcription factors VqNAC17 and VqMYB15 was confrmed using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC.In transgenic A.thaliana,VqNAC17 participates in plant immunity through interaction with VqMYB15 to affect the stilbene synthesis.Furthermore,the experimental results of the yeast one-hybrid assay and LUC transient expression assay found that VqNAC17 can also bind to the promoter of VqMYB15.These results indicate that VqNAC17 is a key regulator that can promote the expression of STS by interacting with VqMYB15.展开更多
In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only ...In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only advanced in recent years,largely because these fruits produce much less ethylene than climacteric fruits.Consequently,reports on its molecular regulatory involvement are still limited.Grape(Vitis vinifera L.),one of the most economically valuable fruits,is regarded as a classical non-climacteric fruit.In this study,an enzyme participating in the last step of ethylene biosynthesis,VvACO1,has been identified as a key enzyme controlling ethylene release in grape fruits(Vitis vinifera‘Jingyan’and‘Red Balado’)using correlation analysis and enzymatic experiments.The transcriptional regulation of VvACO1 was investigated by integrating multiple methods such as DNA pull-down assays,co-expression analysis,dual luciferase reporting system,yeast one-hybrid assays,and transgenic experiments.Our findings revealed that the upregulation of VvACO1 in grape fruits was primarily caused by the removal of transcriptional inhibition.Remarkably,seven transcription factors(TFs)were identified as inhibitors of VvACO1,including VvHY5 from bZIP family,VvWIP2 from C2H2 family,VvBLH1 from Homeobox family,VvAG1 and VvCMB1 from MADS-box family,VvASIL1 and VvASIL2 from Trihelix family.These seven TFs were located in nuclei and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity.Notably,VvAG1 and VvASIL2 could inhibit VvACO1 expression when overexpressed in grape leaves.Our findings provided theoretical clues for differences of ethylene release regulation between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits,also the identified seven TFs could be potential targets for grape molecular breeding.展开更多
Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table g...Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape(Vitis vinifera L.)varieties.Based on the findings,the cracking-susceptible variety‘Xiangfei'and the cracking-resistant variety‘Zuijinxiang'were selected for further study.Fruit growth curves for‘Zuijinxiang'and‘Xiangfei'were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content,revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar.The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom(DAFB)was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence.Furthermore,during the fruit cracking period,‘Xiangfei'fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of‘Zuijinxiang'.Applying aquaporin inhibitors(nano-silver)to‘Xiangfei'berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage,whereas applying aquaporin activators(forskolin)to‘Zuijinxiang'berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage.Additionally,expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)synthesis(VvPIP1;1,VvPIP1;2,VvPIP1;3,VvPIP2;1,VvPIP2;2,and VvPIP2;3)revealed that only the expression level of VvPIP1;1 was higher in‘Zuijinxiang'than in‘Xiangfei'during the fruit cracking period,whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties.Transgenic overexpression of VvPIP1;1 in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content,enlarged mesocarp cell size,and enhanced fruit cracking percentage.These findings indicate that VvPIP1;1 plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.展开更多
Climate change is significantly altering viticultural practices worldwide,with profound implications for the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds that determine wine’s sensory and health properties.This review summ...Climate change is significantly altering viticultural practices worldwide,with profound implications for the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds that determine wine’s sensory and health properties.This review summarizes the effects of climate change,particularly rising temperatures,shifting precipitation patterns,and altered light conditions-on polyphenol synthesis in Vitis amurensis(V.amurensis)grapes from Northeast China,the country’s highest-latitude wine region.Key findings reveal that:(1)Temperature increases accelerate phenological stages but differentially impact polyphenols,suppressing anthocyanins and flavonols while promoting tannins;(2)Precipitation variability induces water stress that can enhance anthocyanin content under moderate drought but reduce quality during extreme events;(3)Declining sunshine duration may limit polyphenol production,though certain cultivars(e.g.,Beibinghong)exhibit adaptability to low light conditions.The region’s unique climatic trends-stronger winter warming and reduced summer precipitation-paradoxically offer potential benefits by extending the growing season while minimizing heat stress during critical ripening periods.It is highlighted how V.amurensis,with its cold hardiness and naturally high polyphenol content(notably anthocyanins and resveratrol),could become increasingly valuable under climate change.However,strategic adaptation through cultivar selection,vineyard management,and stress-responsive breeding will be critical to maintain wine quality.This synthesis provides a framework for understanding climate-polyphenol dynamics in cool-climate viticulture and outlines research priorities to safeguard the future of Northeast China’s distinctive wine industry.展开更多
Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints stil...Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints still impose heavy losses—downy mildewcan reduce yields by≈75%in humid regions and gray mold by 20–50%—sustaining the need for resistant cultivars.Producer selection,interspecific crossing,and formal improvement programs have generated~10,000 varieties,although only a few dozen dominate global acreage.Conventional breeding has delivered fungus-resistant“PIWI”cultivars that retain≥85%of the V.vinifera genome;in Austria,national PIWI varieties are gaining acceptance for combined resistance to downy and powdery mildew and strong enological quality,while in Brazil,using‘BRS Isis’as a male parent produced a high proportion of seedless progeny.Over the past two decades,mapping studies have identified>30 resistance loci to Plasmopara viticola(Rpv)and 15 to Erysiphe necator(Ren/Run),enabling MAS and locus pyramiding;widely deployed loci include Rpv1,Rpv3 haplotypes,Rpv10,Rpv12,Run1,Ren1,Ren3,and Ren9.Gene editing further expands options:CRISPR knockout of VvMLO3 confers powdery-mildew resistance,whereas VvPR4b knockout increases susceptibility to P.viticola,highlighting both opportunity and gene-specific risk.To date,no consolidated program-or country-level percentages exist for MAS/CRISPR adoption in grape.Instead,proxy indicators—MAS screening throughput,the number of programs employing MAS,and CRISPR’s laboratory/pilot status with no commercial releases—suggest broad operational MAS and early-stage CRISPR implementation;for example,Germany reported>23 disease-resistant grapevine varieties developed with MAS and the loci above by 2022.Finally,this review analyzes the future of grapevine breeding,with a particular emphasis on the adoption of novel approaches to multi-omics,AI in breeding models,and sustainability for improving breeding schemes.An interdisciplinary effort will be required to find future solutions,as viticulture has entered a precision breeding revolution to address the challenges posed by the industry and the fight for long-term sustainability of grape production.展开更多
Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the most economically and culturally important perennial fruit crops in the world for fresh consumption and wine production.Virus disease is one of the most important diseases in ...Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the most economically and culturally important perennial fruit crops in the world for fresh consumption and wine production.Virus disease is one of the most important diseases in grape.It is difficult to control and causes great harm to grapevine physiology and significant economic losses in grape production(Endeshaw et al.,2014;Montero et al.,2016b;Wang et al.,2023;Yang et al.,2024).More than 80viruses have been reported to infect grapevines worldwide,and more than 20 grapevine viruses have been reported in China(Umer et al.,2019;Fan et al.,2020).Grapevine leafroll disease(GLD)is one of the most widespread and economically damaging viral diseases in grapevine around the world,and it can cause an30%-40%yield reduction per hectare without any control measures(Atallah et al.,2012).GLD is caused by a complex of virus species named grapevine leafroll-associated viruses(GLRaVs),among which GLRaV-3 is the most prevalent and economically important virus(Ling et al.,2004;Naidu et al.,2014;Martelli,2017).GLRaV-3 infection can impact vine growth,yield,berry weight,and fruit quality of some grapevine cultivars(Vega et al.,2011;Endeshaw et al.,2014;Alabi et al.,2016;Montero et al.,2016a,2016b;Cabaleiro et al.,2021;Lee et al.,2023).In addition to GLRaVs,other viruses have also been found to adversely affect grape growth and fruit quality.For example,Grapevine red blotchassociated virus(GRBV)can compromise crop yield and berry chemical composition,delay ripening,and damage the flavor and aroma properties of must and wine(Blanco-Ulate et al.,2017).展开更多
Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the main crops worldwide,and ultraviolet-B(UV-B,280-315 nm)radiation is emerging as a promising technical tool to enhance secondary metabolites that can contribute to the quality ...Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the main crops worldwide,and ultraviolet-B(UV-B,280-315 nm)radiation is emerging as a promising technical tool to enhance secondary metabolites that can contribute to the quality and health-promoting properties of both grapes and the resulting wines.However,few studies have assessed the effectiveness of UV-B supplements under field conditions.Here,we compared the effects of two different field UV-B treatments(a single supplement applied at pre-harvest,and a double supplement applied at both veraison and pre-harvest)on the phenolic composition of Tempranillo grape skins and the resulting wines.The double supplement induced stronger changes than the single supplement,with responses being more pronounced in grape skins than in wines.In skins,UV-B supplements significantly increased flavonols,phenolic acids,and flavanols,consistent with previous reports highlighting flavonols as the most reliable UV-B-responsive compounds in grape skins.In wines,the clearest responses were increases in anthocyanins and color intensity.Overall,UV-B supplements improved grape and wine quality,although skin responses were only partially transmitted to the wines.Moreover,wine responses were more unpredictable than skin responses,likely reflecting not only the UV-B-induced changes in grape skins but also the complex chemical interactions among phenolic compounds(and also with other metabolites)during vinification.Further experimentation,particularly in the long term,is required to optimize the application of UV-B supplements as a viticultural and enological practice.展开更多
Objective To assess the risk factors for upper extremity-work-related musculoskeletal disorders（UE-WMSD） on 13 prod ucti on lines in an airbag factory using the threshold limit values-American conference of industri...Objective To assess the risk factors for upper extremity-work-related musculoskeletal disorders（UE-WMSD） on 13 prod ucti on lines in an airbag factory using the threshold limit values-American conference of industrial hygienists-hand activity level（TLV-ACGIH-HAL） method and introduce the ergonomic improvement to reduce the repe titi veness and the peak force（Pf）.Methods Professional exposure level on 13 production lines in a automobile factory was measured using the TLV-ACGIH-HAL method and a further risk was assessed according to the ergonomic improvement.Results The first assessment of 9 produc tion lines showed that the professional exposure level was above the TLV or HAL limit.The second assessment showed that the professional exposure level was below the AL limit on all production lines except 1,in which the professional exposure level was between TLV and HAL.Conclusion The assessment of UE-WMSD-related risk can ide ntif y the riskiest emplacements and evaluate the reduc tion of risk in professional exposure through interventi ons of structuralorganizati onal type.展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(GKZ 0832273)Laboratory of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Rocky Desertification in Karst Areas in Northwest Guangxi(XZF[2016]91)+1 种基金High-level Talent Research Startup Fund of Hechi University(XJ2018GKQ016)Undergraduate Innovation and Enterpreneurship Training Program of Guangxi(201810605086).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Vitis heyneana cultivation on rocky hillsides on the variation of soil fertility,so as to provide theoretical support for economic development and the control of rocky desertification in the Dashi mountainous area.[Methods]Taking V.heyneana planting base in Luocheng County,Hechi City,Guangxi Province as the research object,the methods of field investigation,regular sampling and experimental analysis were used to analyze seasonal variations of soil urease,sucrase and soil alkaline phosphatase activity of 15 different sample plots surveyed,and their correlation with soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed.[Results]①In general,sucrase,urease and alkaline phosphatase were lower in summer and autumn,and higher in spring and winter,and the performance of the activity of the three enzymes was inconsistent.Among them,the activity of sucrase was in order of spring>autumn>summer>winter,and the activity of urease and alkaline phosphatase showed an order of winter>spring>summer>autumn.②The seasonal variations of soil fertility in different sample plots were affected by various factors such as human disturbance,climate change,vegetation coverage,topography and landforms,cultivation and management measures,and although the change laws in different sample plots were different,the seasonal differences in soil fertility in the same place were extremely significant.③If the influence of artificial fertilization factors is excluded,the planting of V.heyneana on rocky hillsides will cause a significant decrease in soil enzyme activity,that is,a significant decrease in soil fertility.[Conclusions]Related issues such as the effects of planting V.heyneana on the variation of soil fertility in rocky hillsides should arouse necessary attention of management departments and producers.
文摘随着高品质相机的普及和图像处理领域的不断发展,人们对图像质量提出了更高的要求。现有的工业相机采集到的图像信息都存在一定的色偏现象,一般需要图像处理器(Image Signal Processor,ISP)对图像进行处理。白平衡处理作为ISP处理中一个非常重要的功能,直接决定着图像信息的色彩效果。本文基于Vitis HLS平台实现了AXI-stream视频流接口的白平衡算法IP,同时基于ZYNQ的ARM+FPGA的片上系统对IP进行了上板验证。本算法IP在1920×1080@60fps的视频流下保证了算法的实时性,同时对图像具有良好的校正效果。
文摘Grapevine is unique among crops because its domestication resulted not only in new morphological characteristics,but also in altered reproductive mechanisms.Viticulture involves a change from a dioecious to a hermaphroditic mating system,which makes the reproductive system more efficient.In consequence and the fact that it is one of the oldest and most economically important cultivated plants,Vitis vinifera could be defined as an over-domesticated species.Here we review some key aspects in viticulture.The main areas of interest have remained consistent throughout history,including the origin and characterisation of cultivars,resistance to environmental con-ditions,pests and pathogens,and berry quality.Advances in genomic analysis and epigenetics shed new light on these aspects.Although the vine has a long and complex life cycle,recent haplotype sequencing techniques allow genomic characteristics related to different reproduction processes to be identified.Recent work on haplotype sequencing reveals genomic changes accompanying each reproductive type,providing improved detail about the sex-determining region(SDR).Meanwhile,the application of epigenetic analysis offers new tools for defining varietal characteristics and their responses to changing environmental conditions.However,critical issues,such as differentiating between sylvestris and feral cultivars,remain unclear.Understanding the molecular basis of morphological differences and investigating the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and genome dynamics in response to breeding and environmental factors in this species will be crucial.Seed morphology could help to resolve how to differentiate between wild and feral plants.
文摘Grapes are the main reason why the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is cultivated. However, climate, soil conditions, vegetation and anthropogenic effects on the soil greatly affect grapevine production. The organoleptic properties of grape-derived products, such as wine, are influenced by these factors, which are becoming increasingly popular in Africa. Thus, grapevines, which are commonly grown in warm regions, are acclimatized in Africa using grapevine varieties that can adjust to tropical conditions. This study, which was carried out in 2019, aimed to promote grapevine cultivation in Côte d’Ivoire by examining the influence of pedoclimatic factors on the agro-physiological characteristics of grapevines. In Côte d’Ivoire, there were four distinct agro-ecological zones (North, South, Southeast and West) where three grapevine varieties, Bequignol, Muscat Rouge and Aleatico, were grown. Grapevine plants could grow robustly in morpho-physiological ways because the soils had sufficient fertility, as revealed by the analysis of experimental sites. Grapevine varieties have successfully adapted to different terroirs, with the exception of Muscat Rouge, which only displayed favorable morphological characteristics in the Man zone (West). Regardless of the grape variety, the regions with the best grapevine-growing conditions were Man (West), followed by Aboisso (Southeast). Consequently, grapevine development was less favorable in Korhogo (North) and Abidjan (South) zones. Thus, the cultivation of grapevine varieties in Côte d’Ivoire was greatly influenced by terroir.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32260727,32472670,and 32371924)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia(Grant Nos.2024AAC02039 and 2022AAC02024)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022B02034-3)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.2024BBF01003)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Xi'an City(Grant No.23NYGG0028).
文摘Nitrate is the primary nitrogen source for plants and is a signaling molecule regulating various plant developmental processes. Despite its significance, limited information is available on nitrate signaling in Vitis vinifera. We identified nine Vv RWP-RK genes distributed across eight chromosomes using genome-wide identification and evolutionary analyses. Among these, Vv NLP1-4 and Vv RKD1-5 are associated with nitrate signaling and reproductive growth, respectively. To investigate their potential functions, structures, cis-acting promoter elements,functional structural domains, phylogenetic trees, spatiotemporal expression levels in different tissues at different developmental stages,potential protein-protein interaction networks, synteny(gene content), collinearity(gene order), and three-dimensional protein structure prediction were explored. We found that long-term nitrate application dramatically promoted grapevine plantlet development, including primary root length and leaf growth, and Vv NLP1.1, Vv NLP1.2, and Vv NLP2 were highly expressed in ‘Thompson Seedless' root tissues under nitrate-enriched conditions. To clarify the critical role of nitrate in grapevine growth, we observed that nuclear localization of Vv NLP1.1increased significantly following nitrate treatment. Vv NLP1.1 was found to bind to the promoter of the primary nitrate response gene Vv NRT1.1,driving its transcriptional activity. These findings indicate that Vv NLP1.1 is a core transcription factor of the nitrate signaling pathway in grapevine. Nitrate molecular docking analysis revealed that Vv NLP1.1 directly binds to nitrate ions, indicating its potential role as a nitrate sensor capable of directly perceiving nitrate concentration. We also discovered that short-term nitrate starvation impacts Vv NLP1.1 promoter activity, linked to the abscisic acid-binding element(ABRE) motif in its promoter region. Our results thus provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying various physiological processes in grapevine, particularly the nitrate signaling pathway, and provide a theoretical basis for improving nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) in grapevine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970348 and 31600256)the International Scientifc and Technological Cooperation Projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2022KW-45)+1 种基金the Young Academic Talent Support Program of Northwest Universitythe Xi’an Agriculture Technology Research General Project,China(24NYGG0088)。
文摘Stilbenes,a natural plant phytoalexin,are involved in the plant's response to various biotic and abiotic stresses in its environment.STILBENE SYNTHASE(STS)is the key enzyme regulating resveratrol synthesis in grapevine.However,the regulatory mechanism of STS gene expression remains unclear.In this study,we reported a NAC transcription factor,VqNAC17,in Vitis quinquangularis,which can improve plant resistance to salt stress,drought stress,and Pseudomonas syringae pv.Tomato DC3000(Pst DC3000)in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.Additionally,the interaction between the transcription factors VqNAC17 and VqMYB15 was confrmed using yeast two-hybrid and BiFC.In transgenic A.thaliana,VqNAC17 participates in plant immunity through interaction with VqMYB15 to affect the stilbene synthesis.Furthermore,the experimental results of the yeast one-hybrid assay and LUC transient expression assay found that VqNAC17 can also bind to the promoter of VqMYB15.These results indicate that VqNAC17 is a key regulator that can promote the expression of STS by interacting with VqMYB15.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32025032 and 32202415)the Agricultural Breeding Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Grant No.NXNYYZ20210104)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFE0116400).
文摘In climacteric fruits,the role of ethylene in promoting ripening process and its molecular regulatory mechanisms have been well elucidated.However,research into ethylene's roles in non-climacteric fruits has only advanced in recent years,largely because these fruits produce much less ethylene than climacteric fruits.Consequently,reports on its molecular regulatory involvement are still limited.Grape(Vitis vinifera L.),one of the most economically valuable fruits,is regarded as a classical non-climacteric fruit.In this study,an enzyme participating in the last step of ethylene biosynthesis,VvACO1,has been identified as a key enzyme controlling ethylene release in grape fruits(Vitis vinifera‘Jingyan’and‘Red Balado’)using correlation analysis and enzymatic experiments.The transcriptional regulation of VvACO1 was investigated by integrating multiple methods such as DNA pull-down assays,co-expression analysis,dual luciferase reporting system,yeast one-hybrid assays,and transgenic experiments.Our findings revealed that the upregulation of VvACO1 in grape fruits was primarily caused by the removal of transcriptional inhibition.Remarkably,seven transcription factors(TFs)were identified as inhibitors of VvACO1,including VvHY5 from bZIP family,VvWIP2 from C2H2 family,VvBLH1 from Homeobox family,VvAG1 and VvCMB1 from MADS-box family,VvASIL1 and VvASIL2 from Trihelix family.These seven TFs were located in nuclei and exhibited transcriptional inhibition activity.Notably,VvAG1 and VvASIL2 could inhibit VvACO1 expression when overexpressed in grape leaves.Our findings provided theoretical clues for differences of ethylene release regulation between climacteric and non-climacteric fruits,also the identified seven TFs could be potential targets for grape molecular breeding.
基金supported by Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022JJ40194)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102322)National Technology System for Grape Industry(Grant No.CARS-29-ZP-9)。
文摘Fruit cracking is a persistent challenge for table grape growing.To investigate the mechanism of this disorder,a comprehensive two-year investigation was conducted to assess the fruit cracking percentage of 15 table grape(Vitis vinifera L.)varieties.Based on the findings,the cracking-susceptible variety‘Xiangfei'and the cracking-resistant variety‘Zuijinxiang'were selected for further study.Fruit growth curves for‘Zuijinxiang'and‘Xiangfei'were plotted based on fruit diameter and total soluble solids content,revealing that both varieties exhibited typical double-sigmoidal patterns that were highly similar.The period between 48 and 53 days after full bloom(DAFB)was identified as the critical phase for fruit cracking incidence.Furthermore,during the fruit cracking period,‘Xiangfei'fruit exhibited significantly higher water content and mesocarp cell area compared with those of‘Zuijinxiang'.Applying aquaporin inhibitors(nano-silver)to‘Xiangfei'berries reduced fruit water uptake and cracking percentage,whereas applying aquaporin activators(forskolin)to‘Zuijinxiang'berries increased fruit water uptake and cracking percentage.Additionally,expression analysis of six genes associated with plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)synthesis(VvPIP1;1,VvPIP1;2,VvPIP1;3,VvPIP2;1,VvPIP2;2,and VvPIP2;3)revealed that only the expression level of VvPIP1;1 was higher in‘Zuijinxiang'than in‘Xiangfei'during the fruit cracking period,whereas the expression levels of the other genes exhibited no significant difference between the two varieties.Transgenic overexpression of VvPIP1;1 in tomato resulted in increased fruit water content,enlarged mesocarp cell size,and enhanced fruit cracking percentage.These findings indicate that VvPIP1;1 plays a pivotal role in controlling grape berry cracking.
文摘Climate change is significantly altering viticultural practices worldwide,with profound implications for the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds that determine wine’s sensory and health properties.This review summarizes the effects of climate change,particularly rising temperatures,shifting precipitation patterns,and altered light conditions-on polyphenol synthesis in Vitis amurensis(V.amurensis)grapes from Northeast China,the country’s highest-latitude wine region.Key findings reveal that:(1)Temperature increases accelerate phenological stages but differentially impact polyphenols,suppressing anthocyanins and flavonols while promoting tannins;(2)Precipitation variability induces water stress that can enhance anthocyanin content under moderate drought but reduce quality during extreme events;(3)Declining sunshine duration may limit polyphenol production,though certain cultivars(e.g.,Beibinghong)exhibit adaptability to low light conditions.The region’s unique climatic trends-stronger winter warming and reduced summer precipitation-paradoxically offer potential benefits by extending the growing season while minimizing heat stress during critical ripening periods.It is highlighted how V.amurensis,with its cold hardiness and naturally high polyphenol content(notably anthocyanins and resveratrol),could become increasingly valuable under climate change.However,strategic adaptation through cultivar selection,vineyard management,and stress-responsive breeding will be critical to maintain wine quality.This synthesis provides a framework for understanding climate-polyphenol dynamics in cool-climate viticulture and outlines research priorities to safeguard the future of Northeast China’s distinctive wine industry.
文摘Grape(Vitis vinifera L.)cultivation has progressed from early domestication and clonal propagation to modern,data-driven breeding that is reshaping viticulture and wine quality.Yet climatic and biotic constraints still impose heavy losses—downy mildewcan reduce yields by≈75%in humid regions and gray mold by 20–50%—sustaining the need for resistant cultivars.Producer selection,interspecific crossing,and formal improvement programs have generated~10,000 varieties,although only a few dozen dominate global acreage.Conventional breeding has delivered fungus-resistant“PIWI”cultivars that retain≥85%of the V.vinifera genome;in Austria,national PIWI varieties are gaining acceptance for combined resistance to downy and powdery mildew and strong enological quality,while in Brazil,using‘BRS Isis’as a male parent produced a high proportion of seedless progeny.Over the past two decades,mapping studies have identified>30 resistance loci to Plasmopara viticola(Rpv)and 15 to Erysiphe necator(Ren/Run),enabling MAS and locus pyramiding;widely deployed loci include Rpv1,Rpv3 haplotypes,Rpv10,Rpv12,Run1,Ren1,Ren3,and Ren9.Gene editing further expands options:CRISPR knockout of VvMLO3 confers powdery-mildew resistance,whereas VvPR4b knockout increases susceptibility to P.viticola,highlighting both opportunity and gene-specific risk.To date,no consolidated program-or country-level percentages exist for MAS/CRISPR adoption in grape.Instead,proxy indicators—MAS screening throughput,the number of programs employing MAS,and CRISPR’s laboratory/pilot status with no commercial releases—suggest broad operational MAS and early-stage CRISPR implementation;for example,Germany reported>23 disease-resistant grapevine varieties developed with MAS and the loci above by 2022.Finally,this review analyzes the future of grapevine breeding,with a particular emphasis on the adoption of novel approaches to multi-omics,AI in breeding models,and sustainability for improving breeding schemes.An interdisciplinary effort will be required to find future solutions,as viticulture has entered a precision breeding revolution to address the challenges posed by the industry and the fight for long-term sustainability of grape production.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-29-bc-1)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(Grant No.2024-MS-237)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-RIP-05)。
文摘Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the most economically and culturally important perennial fruit crops in the world for fresh consumption and wine production.Virus disease is one of the most important diseases in grape.It is difficult to control and causes great harm to grapevine physiology and significant economic losses in grape production(Endeshaw et al.,2014;Montero et al.,2016b;Wang et al.,2023;Yang et al.,2024).More than 80viruses have been reported to infect grapevines worldwide,and more than 20 grapevine viruses have been reported in China(Umer et al.,2019;Fan et al.,2020).Grapevine leafroll disease(GLD)is one of the most widespread and economically damaging viral diseases in grapevine around the world,and it can cause an30%-40%yield reduction per hectare without any control measures(Atallah et al.,2012).GLD is caused by a complex of virus species named grapevine leafroll-associated viruses(GLRaVs),among which GLRaV-3 is the most prevalent and economically important virus(Ling et al.,2004;Naidu et al.,2014;Martelli,2017).GLRaV-3 infection can impact vine growth,yield,berry weight,and fruit quality of some grapevine cultivars(Vega et al.,2011;Endeshaw et al.,2014;Alabi et al.,2016;Montero et al.,2016a,2016b;Cabaleiro et al.,2021;Lee et al.,2023).In addition to GLRaVs,other viruses have also been found to adversely affect grape growth and fruit quality.For example,Grapevine red blotchassociated virus(GRBV)can compromise crop yield and berry chemical composition,delay ripening,and damage the flavor and aroma properties of must and wine(Blanco-Ulate et al.,2017).
基金the project PID2023-150695NB-I00,funded by MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEAdditional funding from the Agencia de Desarrollo Economico de La Rioja(ADER,Government of La Rioja)through the Project S-UV-STAINABLE Rioja(2022-I-IDI-00064)is also acknowledged.
文摘Grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)is one of the main crops worldwide,and ultraviolet-B(UV-B,280-315 nm)radiation is emerging as a promising technical tool to enhance secondary metabolites that can contribute to the quality and health-promoting properties of both grapes and the resulting wines.However,few studies have assessed the effectiveness of UV-B supplements under field conditions.Here,we compared the effects of two different field UV-B treatments(a single supplement applied at pre-harvest,and a double supplement applied at both veraison and pre-harvest)on the phenolic composition of Tempranillo grape skins and the resulting wines.The double supplement induced stronger changes than the single supplement,with responses being more pronounced in grape skins than in wines.In skins,UV-B supplements significantly increased flavonols,phenolic acids,and flavanols,consistent with previous reports highlighting flavonols as the most reliable UV-B-responsive compounds in grape skins.In wines,the clearest responses were increases in anthocyanins and color intensity.Overall,UV-B supplements improved grape and wine quality,although skin responses were only partially transmitted to the wines.Moreover,wine responses were more unpredictable than skin responses,likely reflecting not only the UV-B-induced changes in grape skins but also the complex chemical interactions among phenolic compounds(and also with other metabolites)during vinification.Further experimentation,particularly in the long term,is required to optimize the application of UV-B supplements as a viticultural and enological practice.
文摘Objective To assess the risk factors for upper extremity-work-related musculoskeletal disorders（UE-WMSD） on 13 prod ucti on lines in an airbag factory using the threshold limit values-American conference of industrial hygienists-hand activity level（TLV-ACGIH-HAL） method and introduce the ergonomic improvement to reduce the repe titi veness and the peak force（Pf）.Methods Professional exposure level on 13 production lines in a automobile factory was measured using the TLV-ACGIH-HAL method and a further risk was assessed according to the ergonomic improvement.Results The first assessment of 9 produc tion lines showed that the professional exposure level was above the TLV or HAL limit.The second assessment showed that the professional exposure level was below the AL limit on all production lines except 1,in which the professional exposure level was between TLV and HAL.Conclusion The assessment of UE-WMSD-related risk can ide ntif y the riskiest emplacements and evaluate the reduc tion of risk in professional exposure through interventi ons of structuralorganizati onal type.
