Using information from literature as well as records of localities on herbarium specimen labels at the East African Herbarium Nairobi (EA), materials ofCissus quadrangularis L.,C. cactiformis Gilg. andC. quinquangular...Using information from literature as well as records of localities on herbarium specimen labels at the East African Herbarium Nairobi (EA), materials ofCissus quadrangularis L.,C. cactiformis Gilg. andC. quinquangularis Chiov. were collected and new localities were sought. On the basis of the nature of their stem angles, the specimens ofC. quadrangularis were sorted into two variants, A and B. Variant A has smooth stem angles while variant B has rough stem angles. The authors have proposed that variant B should be recognized as a new variety withinC. quadrangularis. Variant A is the type variety ofC. quadrangularis. A map showing the distribution of the two variants in Kenya has been prepared. The rough-edged variant was found to be absent from the low-lying semi-arid regions of northern Kenya. The variants were found occurring in distinct, separate populations but without separate geographical patterns. The results of t-test show no significant difference (p=0.05) between the means of measurements of dimensions of various organs in the two variants. The stem angles of specimens of the two variants were studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). This showed a clear morphological difference between the two variants. The results of the investigation support the hypothesis that the variation withinC. quadrangularis represents distinct kinds that can be recognized as taxa at infra-specific level.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Vitis amurensis Rupr. （Vitaceae） germplasm resources. [ Method ] Out of total 245 pairs of primers, 18 were selected for SSR amplification of 360 V. ...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Vitis amurensis Rupr. （Vitaceae） germplasm resources. [ Method ] Out of total 245 pairs of primers, 18 were selected for SSR amplification of 360 V. amurensis experimental materials. [Result] The number of bands amplified by each primer ranged from 4 to 13 with a mean of 9.44. The length of bands ranged from 150 to 1 000 bp, concentrated at 200 -750 bp. The 18 pairs of primers amplified 170 bands totally, of which 167 bands were polymorphic with a polymorphism ratio of 98.2%. The Shannon＇s diversity index （I） is 1. 778 051. With the SSR-PCR am- plification of 360 V. amurensis varieties （ strains）, 5 specific bands were amplified by certain primers in several varieties（strains） accounting for 2.95% of the total bands. [ Conclusion] SSR molecular marker technique was an efficient method to detect the genetic diversity of V. amurensis and thereby is an effective tool for pedigree analysis and variety identification of A. amurensis varieties（strains）.展开更多
A new resveratrol trimer. amurensin G (1), was isolated from the roots of Vitis amurensis Rupr. Its structure and relative configuration were established on the basis of spectral evidence. especially on HMBC spectrum ...A new resveratrol trimer. amurensin G (1), was isolated from the roots of Vitis amurensis Rupr. Its structure and relative configuration were established on the basis of spectral evidence. especially on HMBC spectrum and NOE difference experiments.展开更多
Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical an...Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical analysis,preliminary testing,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.Results:Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles(2-3 cm)long.Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate,(2-8 cm)long,(1.5-5 cm)wide,pointed at the tip.The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer.Leaf surface contents including veins.vein islet and vein termination were also determined.Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandies(xylem and phloem).The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis.Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular.Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C.trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality,purity and sample identification.展开更多
A new resveratrol tetramer, sinicin A was isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis sinica, with four known tetramers: vitisin A, cis-vitisin B, ampelopsin H and hopeaphenol. The structure and stereochemistry of sinicin A...A new resveratrol tetramer, sinicin A was isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis sinica, with four known tetramers: vitisin A, cis-vitisin B, ampelopsin H and hopeaphenol. The structure and stereochemistry of sinicin A have been established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.展开更多
We aimed at reporting the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Leea aequata L.,a traditional folk medicine used in Myanmar for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.A new neolignan,(7S,8R)-9′-O-a...We aimed at reporting the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Leea aequata L.,a traditional folk medicine used in Myanmar for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.A new neolignan,(7S,8R)-9′-O-acetylcedrusin(1),a new lactam,(3S,4S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one(2),along with 21 known compounds,including fve lignans(3-7),four favonoid glycosides(8-11),and others(12-23),were isolated from the ethanoic extract of the aerial parts of L.aequata.The structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR,MS,and ECD spectra.For all the antimicrobial tests of the 23 compounds,only 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester(17)showed weak inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica.展开更多
The vascular system of the grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)flower is a channel for transporting water and nutrients to the ovary.It plays an important role in the development of the ovary and fertilization through pollina...The vascular system of the grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)flower is a channel for transporting water and nutrients to the ovary.It plays an important role in the development of the ovary and fertilization through pollination.However,the vascular bundles in the flower are so tiny that they are difficult to sample and observe by traditional slicing techniques.In this study,‘Summer Black’grape flowers were selected as the test materials,and the tissue samples were treated by the optical clearing technique.After simple compaction,the structure and development of the vasculature were observed by common microscopy,fluorescence microscopy and laser confocal microscopy.The results showed that the transparency effects of 3%NaOH and a saturated trichloroacetaldehyde composite agreed well with the observations of the vascular structure and the developmental process of the flower in different periods.Moreover,the samples after optical clearing could be reconstructed in 3D,which helped us know more about its development and function.According to these observations,the vasculature of the‘Summer Black’flower can be divided into ovule vascular bundles,peripheral vascular bundles and central vascular bundles.The peripheral vascular bundles were composed of the first-order vascular bundles and the inferior vascular bundles which branched from the superior vascular bundles.These bundles branched in different directions with no discernible pattern.The two different branching methods were as follows.First,the inferior vascular bundle was directly connected to a superior vascular bundle.Secondly,some of the superior vascular bundles bent in different ways,forming the inferior vascular bundle connecting the superior vascular bundles by a metamorphosed vessel with a triangular shape.In a comparison of the developmental changes in various periods,the growth of vascular bundles at each period was directly proportional to the growth of the flower.Laser confocal scanning was used to explore the three-dimensional morphology of the peripheral vascular bundle and showed that the peripheral vascular bundle of grapes was not completely parallel to the flower’s epidermal cells.As a result,the optical clearing technique was convenient and authentic compared with the traditional slicing operation for tiny flower organs.With these advantages according to the observations,this study provides a feasible technique and useful information for the study of vascular bundle development in grape flower organs.展开更多
基金the China Ministry of Education Fund for U niversity Staff Development in Key Subject Areas andKenyatta University
文摘Using information from literature as well as records of localities on herbarium specimen labels at the East African Herbarium Nairobi (EA), materials ofCissus quadrangularis L.,C. cactiformis Gilg. andC. quinquangularis Chiov. were collected and new localities were sought. On the basis of the nature of their stem angles, the specimens ofC. quadrangularis were sorted into two variants, A and B. Variant A has smooth stem angles while variant B has rough stem angles. The authors have proposed that variant B should be recognized as a new variety withinC. quadrangularis. Variant A is the type variety ofC. quadrangularis. A map showing the distribution of the two variants in Kenya has been prepared. The rough-edged variant was found to be absent from the low-lying semi-arid regions of northern Kenya. The variants were found occurring in distinct, separate populations but without separate geographical patterns. The results of t-test show no significant difference (p=0.05) between the means of measurements of dimensions of various organs in the two variants. The stem angles of specimens of the two variants were studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). This showed a clear morphological difference between the two variants. The results of the investigation support the hypothesis that the variation withinC. quadrangularis represents distinct kinds that can be recognized as taxa at infra-specific level.
基金Supported by Special Fund for the Industrial Technology System Construction of Modern Agriculture(nycytx-30)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Vitis amurensis Rupr. （Vitaceae） germplasm resources. [ Method ] Out of total 245 pairs of primers, 18 were selected for SSR amplification of 360 V. amurensis experimental materials. [Result] The number of bands amplified by each primer ranged from 4 to 13 with a mean of 9.44. The length of bands ranged from 150 to 1 000 bp, concentrated at 200 -750 bp. The 18 pairs of primers amplified 170 bands totally, of which 167 bands were polymorphic with a polymorphism ratio of 98.2%. The Shannon＇s diversity index （I） is 1. 778 051. With the SSR-PCR am- plification of 360 V. amurensis varieties （ strains）, 5 specific bands were amplified by certain primers in several varieties（strains） accounting for 2.95% of the total bands. [ Conclusion] SSR molecular marker technique was an efficient method to detect the genetic diversity of V. amurensis and thereby is an effective tool for pedigree analysis and variety identification of A. amurensis varieties（strains）.
文摘A new resveratrol trimer. amurensin G (1), was isolated from the roots of Vitis amurensis Rupr. Its structure and relative configuration were established on the basis of spectral evidence. especially on HMBC spectrum and NOE difference experiments.
基金Supported by a grant from University Grants Committee,New Delhi(grant No.39-955/2010 SR)
文摘Objective:To present a detailed pharmacognostic study of the leaf of Cayratia trifolia(C.trifolia)Linn.(Vitaceae),an important plant in the Indian system of medicine.Methods:The macroscopy,microscopy,physiochemical analysis,preliminary testing,fluorescence analysis of powder of the plant and other WHO recommended methods for standardization were investigated.Results:Leaves are trifoliolated with petioles(2-3 cm)long.Leaflets are ovate to oblong-ovate,(2-8 cm)long,(1.5-5 cm)wide,pointed at the tip.The leaf surface shows the anisocytic type stomata covered with guard cells followed by epidermis layer.Leaf surface contents including veins.vein islet and vein termination were also determined.Transverse section of leaf shows the epidermis layer followed by cuticle layer and vascular bandies(xylem and phloem).The mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma.Abundant covering trichomes emerge from the upper epidermis.Trichomes are uniseriate and multicellular.Strips of collenchyma are present below and upper layer of epidermis.Conclusions:It can be concluded that the pharmacognostic profile of the C.trifolia is helpful in developing standards for quality,purity and sample identification.
基金This research program was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30070+2 种基金889). The authors thank the Department of Instrumental Analysis Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Col
文摘A new resveratrol tetramer, sinicin A was isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis sinica, with four known tetramers: vitisin A, cis-vitisin B, ampelopsin H and hopeaphenol. The structure and stereochemistry of sinicin A have been established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.
基金supported by the Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.2015CASEABRIRG001 and Y4ZK111B01)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(153631KYSB20160004).
文摘We aimed at reporting the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Leea aequata L.,a traditional folk medicine used in Myanmar for the treatment of wounds and skin diseases.A new neolignan,(7S,8R)-9′-O-acetylcedrusin(1),a new lactam,(3S,4S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxypiperidin-2-one(2),along with 21 known compounds,including fve lignans(3-7),four favonoid glycosides(8-11),and others(12-23),were isolated from the ethanoic extract of the aerial parts of L.aequata.The structures of the new compounds were determined by NMR,MS,and ECD spectra.For all the antimicrobial tests of the 23 compounds,only 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester(17)showed weak inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica subsp.enterica.
基金supported by the Grants 31872050 from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The vascular system of the grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)flower is a channel for transporting water and nutrients to the ovary.It plays an important role in the development of the ovary and fertilization through pollination.However,the vascular bundles in the flower are so tiny that they are difficult to sample and observe by traditional slicing techniques.In this study,‘Summer Black’grape flowers were selected as the test materials,and the tissue samples were treated by the optical clearing technique.After simple compaction,the structure and development of the vasculature were observed by common microscopy,fluorescence microscopy and laser confocal microscopy.The results showed that the transparency effects of 3%NaOH and a saturated trichloroacetaldehyde composite agreed well with the observations of the vascular structure and the developmental process of the flower in different periods.Moreover,the samples after optical clearing could be reconstructed in 3D,which helped us know more about its development and function.According to these observations,the vasculature of the‘Summer Black’flower can be divided into ovule vascular bundles,peripheral vascular bundles and central vascular bundles.The peripheral vascular bundles were composed of the first-order vascular bundles and the inferior vascular bundles which branched from the superior vascular bundles.These bundles branched in different directions with no discernible pattern.The two different branching methods were as follows.First,the inferior vascular bundle was directly connected to a superior vascular bundle.Secondly,some of the superior vascular bundles bent in different ways,forming the inferior vascular bundle connecting the superior vascular bundles by a metamorphosed vessel with a triangular shape.In a comparison of the developmental changes in various periods,the growth of vascular bundles at each period was directly proportional to the growth of the flower.Laser confocal scanning was used to explore the three-dimensional morphology of the peripheral vascular bundle and showed that the peripheral vascular bundle of grapes was not completely parallel to the flower’s epidermal cells.As a result,the optical clearing technique was convenient and authentic compared with the traditional slicing operation for tiny flower organs.With these advantages according to the observations,this study provides a feasible technique and useful information for the study of vascular bundle development in grape flower organs.
