Although represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine,nowadays,autopsy,sometimes,is still rejected or not tolerated for its damage to the corpse.Virtopsy offers a noninvasive investigation app...Although represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine,nowadays,autopsy,sometimes,is still rejected or not tolerated for its damage to the corpse.Virtopsy offers a noninvasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture,soft-tissue injury,wound track,and organ trauma objectively and accurately.In addition,virtual autopsies can be used as a complementary tool for areas that are difficult or complex to dissect;in certain cases,where the destruction of a body is prohibited,virtual autopsies provide an alternative to traditional autopsies as an examination method.The virtual autopsy can scan and record a body from head to toe in a short,quick operation,which greatly improves the efficiency of forensic identification.On the other hand,the virtual autopsy is permanently stored through DICOM data and can be subject to a variety of postprocessing operations.Virtual autopsy provides two-dimensional and three-dimensional postprocessing techniques,combining surface and in vivo information with geometrically realistic records,and even combining with finite elements for computer-simulated dynamic simulation studies.Thus,virtopsy can provide visual and powerful evidence for forensic pathological practice.This article mainly synthesizes the latest literature and reviews the application of virtopsy in forensic trauma identification,mechanical asphyxia,drowning,hypothermia and hyperthermia,disease diagnosis,as well as a new research direction of finite element method applied in trauma investigation.展开更多
Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,which are commonly used in clinical medicine,to determine the cause and manner of death.Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines foren...Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,which are commonly used in clinical medicine,to determine the cause and manner of death.Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines forensic medicine,pathology,radiology,computer graphics,biomechanics,and physics.Virtopsy is rapidly gaining importance in forensic science and has been extensively studied in several areas of forensic pathology.In this study,we reviewed domestic and international research on causes of death,traffic injuries,medical disputes,gunshot trauma,postmortem changes,and inference of time of death to discuss with colleagues the role of virtopsy in forensic pathology.展开更多
This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system.Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy constructi...This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system.Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy construction,such as the multiparty co-construction mode,cooperation mode,and individual construction mode,and reviewed(l)the understanding of public security and application process of virtual anatomy;(2)the problems faced in the construction and application processes,such as those associated with support ofhuman resources,equipment supplies and financial expenditure,the limitations of the technology itself legal issues with application,shrinkage of the identification business,and appraiser-related problems;and(3)the prospect of application of virtopsy in public security systems.展开更多
Virtopsy technology is noninvasive,noncontact,and can find potential lesions.For these reasons,it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science.The present article reviews the bri...Virtopsy technology is noninvasive,noncontact,and can find potential lesions.For these reasons,it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science.The present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development,introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine,summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China,and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning,setting standards,strengthening assistance,and promoting scientific research.展开更多
Background:As traditional autopsy rates decline,the importance of forensic imaging,particularly postmortem computed tomography(PMCT),grows for non-invasive cause of death determination and evidence collection in legal...Background:As traditional autopsy rates decline,the importance of forensic imaging,particularly postmortem computed tomography(PMCT),grows for non-invasive cause of death determination and evidence collection in legal investigations,with unique considerations required for frozen corpses due to the lack of systematic imaging characteristic studies.Aims and Objectives:This study aims to fill the gap in current knowledge by systematically analyzing the PMCT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses.Materials and Methods:This study utilized postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and postmortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)to examine tissue changes during the freezing and thawing process in a total of 61 corpses.Results:The results demonstrated that imaging changes in the brain were most pronounced during freezing and thawing,with a clear correlation to the duration of freezing/thawing and the position of the corpses.Typical ice crystal artifacts were observed in body fluids after freezing,while thawing led to a marked increase and redistribution of internal gas.Serial angiographic studies revealed"pseudo-brain hemorrhage"in the brainstem and cerebellum in several cases due to incomplete thawing and transport.Conclusion:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the CT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses,elucidating the imaging features during the freezing and thawing processes.展开更多
Background:Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is challenging by autopsy approach alone.Aims and Objectives:To explore the features of fatal hypothermia on postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and study their diagnostic val...Background:Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is challenging by autopsy approach alone.Aims and Objectives:To explore the features of fatal hypothermia on postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and study their diagnostic value in such cases.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the imaging data of three cases of low-temperature death.The study compared the images of lung tissue in the control group and used statistical tools to analyze typical changes associated with low-temperature death.The potential applications of cadaveric imaging in these cases were also discussed.Results:The typical postmortem imaging manifestations of death from hypothermia include increased volume of bilateral lung tissue,decreased density of bilateral lung tissue,and absence of pulmonary hypostasis.By comparison,it has been proven that PMCT can quickly detect typical changes in postmortem imaging of death from hypothermia.After applying PMCT,combined with the results of postmortem imaging,physical and chemical,and the environmental condition of the scene,in the absence of individual deaths because of other reasons,it can be determined that the individual died from hypothermia.Conclusions:The case of the death from hypothermia is a tough issue in forensic pathology examination.Through this review,it was found that the death from hypothermia cases have typical postmortem imaging.After combining the case,on-site investigation,and toxicology testing,we found the PMCT can solve the case of the death from hypothermia.展开更多
Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to t...Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Central Research Institute Public Project(GY2024D-1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171872)+5 种基金Shanghai Yangfan Special Programme(23YF1448700)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform,Key Laboratory of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice,the Project of Shanghai Association of Forensic Science(SHSFJD2023-008)the 2023 Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Forensic Pathology,Ministry of Public Security,P.R.China(GAFYBL202308)Guizhou"Hundred"High-level Innovative Talent Project,Qian Science Platform Talents[2020]6012-2Guizhou Scientific Support Project,Qian Science Support[2023]General 452.
文摘Although represents traditional and classical examination in forensic medicine,nowadays,autopsy,sometimes,is still rejected or not tolerated for its damage to the corpse.Virtopsy offers a noninvasive investigation approach and can also reflect fracture,soft-tissue injury,wound track,and organ trauma objectively and accurately.In addition,virtual autopsies can be used as a complementary tool for areas that are difficult or complex to dissect;in certain cases,where the destruction of a body is prohibited,virtual autopsies provide an alternative to traditional autopsies as an examination method.The virtual autopsy can scan and record a body from head to toe in a short,quick operation,which greatly improves the efficiency of forensic identification.On the other hand,the virtual autopsy is permanently stored through DICOM data and can be subject to a variety of postprocessing operations.Virtual autopsy provides two-dimensional and three-dimensional postprocessing techniques,combining surface and in vivo information with geometrically realistic records,and even combining with finite elements for computer-simulated dynamic simulation studies.Thus,virtopsy can provide visual and powerful evidence for forensic pathological practice.This article mainly synthesizes the latest literature and reviews the application of virtopsy in forensic trauma identification,mechanical asphyxia,drowning,hypothermia and hyperthermia,disease diagnosis,as well as a new research direction of finite element method applied in trauma investigation.
基金Double First Class-Training of Top Talents(2011-051040)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971796,81871523)+3 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(7192121,7182022)Open Project of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Forensic ScienceProjects Funded by Hubei Key Laboratory of Forensic Science(Hubei University of Police)Academic Innovation Team of Young Teachers of China University of Political Science and Law(19CXTD04,18CXTD09).
文摘Virtopsy employs computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging,which are commonly used in clinical medicine,to determine the cause and manner of death.Virtopsy is a multidisciplinary technique that combines forensic medicine,pathology,radiology,computer graphics,biomechanics,and physics.Virtopsy is rapidly gaining importance in forensic science and has been extensively studied in several areas of forensic pathology.In this study,we reviewed domestic and international research on causes of death,traffic injuries,medical disputes,gunshot trauma,postmortem changes,and inference of time of death to discuss with colleagues the role of virtopsy in forensic pathology.
文摘This review summarizes the mode of application of virtual anatomy technology in the construction of a police system.Local public security organizations have explored the application modes of virtual anatomy construction,such as the multiparty co-construction mode,cooperation mode,and individual construction mode,and reviewed(l)the understanding of public security and application process of virtual anatomy;(2)the problems faced in the construction and application processes,such as those associated with support ofhuman resources,equipment supplies and financial expenditure,the limitations of the technology itself legal issues with application,shrinkage of the identification business,and appraiser-related problems;and(3)the prospect of application of virtopsy in public security systems.
基金Thisstudy was financially supported by National Social Science Fund Key Research Project“Research on Ethical Thinking and Legal Regulation of Medical Behavior in China from the Perspective of Doctor-Patient Relationship”(15AZD065)Key Consulting Research Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2019-XZ-31).
文摘Virtopsy technology is noninvasive,noncontact,and can find potential lesions.For these reasons,it has broad application prospects in forensic pathology and forensic clinical science.The present article reviews the brief history of virtopsy development,introduces the application of virtopsy in various fields of forensic medicine,summarizes the current situation regarding virtopsy in China,and puts forward suggestions for strengthening planning,setting standards,strengthening assistance,and promoting scientific research.
文摘Background:As traditional autopsy rates decline,the importance of forensic imaging,particularly postmortem computed tomography(PMCT),grows for non-invasive cause of death determination and evidence collection in legal investigations,with unique considerations required for frozen corpses due to the lack of systematic imaging characteristic studies.Aims and Objectives:This study aims to fill the gap in current knowledge by systematically analyzing the PMCT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses.Materials and Methods:This study utilized postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and postmortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)to examine tissue changes during the freezing and thawing process in a total of 61 corpses.Results:The results demonstrated that imaging changes in the brain were most pronounced during freezing and thawing,with a clear correlation to the duration of freezing/thawing and the position of the corpses.Typical ice crystal artifacts were observed in body fluids after freezing,while thawing led to a marked increase and redistribution of internal gas.Serial angiographic studies revealed"pseudo-brain hemorrhage"in the brainstem and cerebellum in several cases due to incomplete thawing and transport.Conclusion:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the CT imaging characteristics of frozen corpses,elucidating the imaging features during the freezing and thawing processes.
文摘Background:Diagnosis of fatal hypothermia is challenging by autopsy approach alone.Aims and Objectives:To explore the features of fatal hypothermia on postmortem computed tomography(PMCT)and study their diagnostic value in such cases.Materials and Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the imaging data of three cases of low-temperature death.The study compared the images of lung tissue in the control group and used statistical tools to analyze typical changes associated with low-temperature death.The potential applications of cadaveric imaging in these cases were also discussed.Results:The typical postmortem imaging manifestations of death from hypothermia include increased volume of bilateral lung tissue,decreased density of bilateral lung tissue,and absence of pulmonary hypostasis.By comparison,it has been proven that PMCT can quickly detect typical changes in postmortem imaging of death from hypothermia.After applying PMCT,combined with the results of postmortem imaging,physical and chemical,and the environmental condition of the scene,in the absence of individual deaths because of other reasons,it can be determined that the individual died from hypothermia.Conclusions:The case of the death from hypothermia is a tough issue in forensic pathology examination.Through this review,it was found that the death from hypothermia cases have typical postmortem imaging.After combining the case,on-site investigation,and toxicology testing,we found the PMCT can solve the case of the death from hypothermia.
基金By grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2022YFC3302002)the Council of National Science Foundation of China(grant number 82171872)+4 种基金the Council of National Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant number 21ZR1464600)Key Laboratory of judicial expertise of Ministry of Justice and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(grant number 21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform(grant number 19DZ2292700)Central Research Institute Public Project(grant numbers2020Z‑4,2021G‑4)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,Key Lab of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice(grant number KF202120).
文摘Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.
