AIM To evaluate the outcomes of transplanting marginal kidneys preemptively compared to better-quality kidneys after varying dialysis vintage in older recipients.METHODS Using OPTN/United Network for Organ Sharing dat...AIM To evaluate the outcomes of transplanting marginal kidneys preemptively compared to better-quality kidneys after varying dialysis vintage in older recipients.METHODS Using OPTN/United Network for Organ Sharing database from 2001-2015, we identified deceased donor kidney(DDK) transplant recipients > 60 years of age who either underwent preemptive transplantation of kidneys with kidney donor profile index(KDPI) ≥ 85%(marginal kidneys) or received kidneys with KDPI of 35%-84%(better quality kidneys that older wait-listed patients would likely receive if waited longer) after being on dialysis for either 1-4 or 4-8 years. Using a multivariate Cox model adjusting for donor, recipient and transplant related factors-overall and death-censored graft failure risks along with patient death risk of preemptive transplant recipients were compared to transplant recipients in the 1-4 and 4-8 year dialysis vintage groups.RESUTLS The median follow up for the whole group was 37 mo(interquartile range of 57 mo). A total of 6110 DDK transplant recipients above the age of 60 years identified during the study period were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Among these patients350 received preemptive transplantation of kidneys with KDPI ≥ 85. The remaining patients underwent transplantation of better quality kidneys with KDPI 35-84% after being on maintenance dialysis for either 1-4 years(n = 3300) or 4-8 years(n = 2460). Adjusted overall graft failure risk and death-censored graft failure risk in preemptive high KDPI kidney recipients were similar when compared to group that received lower KDPI kidney after being on maintenance dialysis for either 1-4 years(HR 1.01, 95%CI: 0.90-1.14, P = 0.84 and HR 0.96, 95%CI: 0.79-1.16, P = 0.66 respectively) or 4-8 years(HR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.63-1.07, P = 0.15 and HR 0.81, 95%CI: 0.52-1.25, P = 0.33 respectively). Adjusted patient death risk in preemptive high KDPI kidney recipients were similar when compared to groups that received lower KDPI kidney after being on maintenance dialysis for 1-4 years(HR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.12, P = 0.89) but lower compared to patients who were on dialysis for 4-8 years(HR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.56-0.98, P = 0.037).CONCLUSION In summary, our study supports accepting a "marginal" quality high KDPI kidney preemptively in older waitlisted patients thus avoiding dialysis exposure.展开更多
hen I was invited to visit east China’s Shandong Province for awine festival held on September 23-26, I erroneously believed I would be drinking beer in the coastal city of Qingdao, home
Even Vintage,作为以国内淘宝自主网店为主要销售渠道的独立设计师品牌,品牌的设计以实穿为主,相比其他设计师品牌来说价格比较便宜,这也是Even Vintage的创立初衷,希望更多人能穿到美的设计,不是只有少数人能负担得起的品牌;希望把她...Even Vintage,作为以国内淘宝自主网店为主要销售渠道的独立设计师品牌,品牌的设计以实穿为主,相比其他设计师品牌来说价格比较便宜,这也是Even Vintage的创立初衷,希望更多人能穿到美的设计,不是只有少数人能负担得起的品牌;希望把她们认为美的一些审美带给国内那些爱打扮爱时尚的女生,希望国内的女生都能穿出美丽、优雅和自信!展开更多
With the Kyoto Protocol entering into effect in many countries one after another,carbon trading has come into being and developed quickly.China is the main supplier of carbon emissions rights in the world,but such tra...With the Kyoto Protocol entering into effect in many countries one after another,carbon trading has come into being and developed quickly.China is the main supplier of carbon emissions rights in the world,but such transactions are still in the stage of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects without its own trading system,which is not conducive for China to win the rights of carbon pricing in the international market.Low-carbon and emissions reduction is the international trend nowadays,and therefore,it is particularly necessary and urgent to investigate the issue of carbon trading in China.In this paper,the authors have reviewed Putty-Clay Vintage,which is a model of production function for carbon trading,revealing the main points,contributions and shortcomings of the model.Combined with China's national conditions,the authors have investigated the application of this model in China's carbon trading from four different angles,including enterprise production optimization,financial market development,national macro-economy,and the allocation of emission quota.This study aims to provide China's enterprises with an analytical framework when participating in carbon trading in the future and it is beneficial for them to make optimal production planning when considering the cost of carbon emissions reduction.展开更多
A few years ago, I took part in a vintage car rally (拉力赛)in Denmark(丹麦)as a photographer. The rally was less about being the fastest, and more about the effort you put into your fancy dress. It ended in a camping...A few years ago, I took part in a vintage car rally (拉力赛)in Denmark(丹麦)as a photographer. The rally was less about being the fastest, and more about the effort you put into your fancy dress. It ended in a camping site on the island of Mon, with dinner, dancing and more than a few drinks. Some hours—and drinks— later, I decided it was a good idea to sleep in a deckchair under the warmer Danish stars.展开更多
Nostalgia is more than a sentiment;it's also a thriving business.From the resurgence of childhood snack brands to commercial zones designed with vintage aesthetics and old shows on repeat,every corner of culture i...Nostalgia is more than a sentiment;it's also a thriving business.From the resurgence of childhood snack brands to commercial zones designed with vintage aesthetics and old shows on repeat,every corner of culture is being repackaged and sold to satisfy the longing hearts for the past,with Millennials and Gen Z as the primary target audience.展开更多
文摘AIM To evaluate the outcomes of transplanting marginal kidneys preemptively compared to better-quality kidneys after varying dialysis vintage in older recipients.METHODS Using OPTN/United Network for Organ Sharing database from 2001-2015, we identified deceased donor kidney(DDK) transplant recipients > 60 years of age who either underwent preemptive transplantation of kidneys with kidney donor profile index(KDPI) ≥ 85%(marginal kidneys) or received kidneys with KDPI of 35%-84%(better quality kidneys that older wait-listed patients would likely receive if waited longer) after being on dialysis for either 1-4 or 4-8 years. Using a multivariate Cox model adjusting for donor, recipient and transplant related factors-overall and death-censored graft failure risks along with patient death risk of preemptive transplant recipients were compared to transplant recipients in the 1-4 and 4-8 year dialysis vintage groups.RESUTLS The median follow up for the whole group was 37 mo(interquartile range of 57 mo). A total of 6110 DDK transplant recipients above the age of 60 years identified during the study period were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Among these patients350 received preemptive transplantation of kidneys with KDPI ≥ 85. The remaining patients underwent transplantation of better quality kidneys with KDPI 35-84% after being on maintenance dialysis for either 1-4 years(n = 3300) or 4-8 years(n = 2460). Adjusted overall graft failure risk and death-censored graft failure risk in preemptive high KDPI kidney recipients were similar when compared to group that received lower KDPI kidney after being on maintenance dialysis for either 1-4 years(HR 1.01, 95%CI: 0.90-1.14, P = 0.84 and HR 0.96, 95%CI: 0.79-1.16, P = 0.66 respectively) or 4-8 years(HR 0.82, 95%CI: 0.63-1.07, P = 0.15 and HR 0.81, 95%CI: 0.52-1.25, P = 0.33 respectively). Adjusted patient death risk in preemptive high KDPI kidney recipients were similar when compared to groups that received lower KDPI kidney after being on maintenance dialysis for 1-4 years(HR 0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.12, P = 0.89) but lower compared to patients who were on dialysis for 4-8 years(HR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.56-0.98, P = 0.037).CONCLUSION In summary, our study supports accepting a "marginal" quality high KDPI kidney preemptively in older waitlisted patients thus avoiding dialysis exposure.
文摘hen I was invited to visit east China’s Shandong Province for awine festival held on September 23-26, I erroneously believed I would be drinking beer in the coastal city of Qingdao, home
基金funded by Project of Scientific Research and the Construction of Scientific Research Base of Beijing Municipal Education Commission, "Beijing Carbon Credit Trading Mechanism and Development Strategy"
文摘With the Kyoto Protocol entering into effect in many countries one after another,carbon trading has come into being and developed quickly.China is the main supplier of carbon emissions rights in the world,but such transactions are still in the stage of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects without its own trading system,which is not conducive for China to win the rights of carbon pricing in the international market.Low-carbon and emissions reduction is the international trend nowadays,and therefore,it is particularly necessary and urgent to investigate the issue of carbon trading in China.In this paper,the authors have reviewed Putty-Clay Vintage,which is a model of production function for carbon trading,revealing the main points,contributions and shortcomings of the model.Combined with China's national conditions,the authors have investigated the application of this model in China's carbon trading from four different angles,including enterprise production optimization,financial market development,national macro-economy,and the allocation of emission quota.This study aims to provide China's enterprises with an analytical framework when participating in carbon trading in the future and it is beneficial for them to make optimal production planning when considering the cost of carbon emissions reduction.
文摘A few years ago, I took part in a vintage car rally (拉力赛)in Denmark(丹麦)as a photographer. The rally was less about being the fastest, and more about the effort you put into your fancy dress. It ended in a camping site on the island of Mon, with dinner, dancing and more than a few drinks. Some hours—and drinks— later, I decided it was a good idea to sleep in a deckchair under the warmer Danish stars.
文摘Nostalgia is more than a sentiment;it's also a thriving business.From the resurgence of childhood snack brands to commercial zones designed with vintage aesthetics and old shows on repeat,every corner of culture is being repackaged and sold to satisfy the longing hearts for the past,with Millennials and Gen Z as the primary target audience.
