铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商...铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商丹缝合带北侧,秦岭与祁连造山带的交汇部位。矿区地层总体走向北西西,东西两端分别被太白花岗岩体、宝鸡花岗岩体所截,中部煤沟花岗闪长岩体侵入于矿区背斜南翼。展开更多
铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商...铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商丹缝合带北侧,秦岭与祁连造山带的交汇部位。展开更多
Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of ...Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE（e.g. Th, U, Pb and La） and depletion of HFSE（e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf）. Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr（0.703457 to 0.708218） and εNd（t）（-2 to 5.8） indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd（t） diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf（t） values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores（2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma）. The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.展开更多
The automotive sector is crucial in modern society,facilitating essential transportation needs across personal,commercial,and logistical domains while significantly contributing to national economic development and em...The automotive sector is crucial in modern society,facilitating essential transportation needs across personal,commercial,and logistical domains while significantly contributing to national economic development and employment generation.The transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)has revolutionised multiple facets of the automotive industry,encompassing intelligent manufacturing processes,diagnostic systems,control mechanisms,supply chain operations,customer service platforms,and traffic management solutions.While extensive research exists on the above aspects of AI applications in automotive contexts,there is a compelling need to synthesise this knowledge comprehensively to guide and inspire future research.This review introduces a novel taxonomic framework that provides a holistic perspective on AI integration into the automotive sector,focusing on next-generation AI methods and their critical implementation aspects.Additionally,the proposed conceptual framework for real-time condition monitoring of electric vehicle subsystems delivers actionable maintenance recommendations to stakeholders,addressing a critical gap in the field.The review highlights that AI has significantly expedited the development of autonomous vehicles regarding navigation,decision-making,and safety features through the use of advanced algorithms and deep learning structures.Furthermore,it identifies advanced driver assistance systems,vehicle health monitoring,and predictive maintenance as the most impactful AI applications,transforming operational safety and maintenance efficiency in modern automotive technologies.The work is beneficial to understanding the various use cases of AI in the different automotive domains,where AI maintains a state-of-the-art for sector-specific applications,providing a strong foundation for meeting Industry 4.0 needs and encouraging AI use among more nascent industry segments.The current work is intended to consolidate previous works while shedding some light on future research directions in promoting further growth of AI-based innovations in the scope of automotive applications.展开更多
The Tongyu volcanic-hosted massive sulfide(VHMS) copper deposit is located in the west part of the North Qinling(NQL),Shaanxi Province.Here we report geological features and trace elemental characteristics of ores,min...The Tongyu volcanic-hosted massive sulfide(VHMS) copper deposit is located in the west part of the North Qinling(NQL),Shaanxi Province.Here we report geological features and trace elemental characteristics of ores,mineralized rocks,and volcanic host rocks of this deposit.We also conducted in situ zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf LA-ICP-MS dating and lithogeochemical study of the Meigou granodiorite,which is intruded in the south of the Tongyu mining district.It is inferred that the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu Cu deposit belong to calc-alkaline island arc volcanic rocks,and the volcanic host rocks and the ore-forming materials share common material sources.During subduction of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab at around 472 Ma,high oxygen-fugacity aqueous fluid released by dehydration reaction of the subducting slab rose into the mantle wedge,leached Cu and other metal elements,and triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge.Associated with the ore-forming materials,the arc calc-alkaline magmas erupted and formed the Tongyu VHMS deposit.The weighted average zircon U-Pb age of the Meigou granodiorite is 439.3±3 Ma,suggesting its genesis is associated with the subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic plate around 440 Ma.In terms of the granitoid’s geochemical characteristics,the Mg#,Ni,and Cr contents are high.REE show strongly fractionated patterns with unobvious Eu anomalies.Sr contents are high while Y contents are low,resulting in high Sr/Y ratios.Two-stage zircon Hf model ages mostly range between 908 and 723 Ma,with εHf(t)】0.Therefore,we classify Meigou granodiorite as island arc granite with adakitic geochemical features.It was generated by interaction between mantle wedge and melt produced by partial melting of the subducted basaltic slab of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean.The Tongyu VHMS deposit was formed in the island arc tectonic setting during Ordovician-Silurian between 439.3±3 Ma and 472±11 Ma.The volcanic exhalation-sedimentation,which was contemporaneous with the submarine volcanics,produced the primary mineralization of the Tongyu Cu deposit.Afterward,the ore bodies and host rocks were reworked and overprinted intensively by structures corresponding with the overall collisional orogenic process of the Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Indosinian period.In contrast to classic VHMS deposits such as the Kuroko deposit in Japan,the Tongyu Cu deposit possesses the dual characteristics of island arc volcanic exhalation and sedimentation as well as structural reworking and overprinting.Therefore,the Tongyu VHMS Cu deposit is a volcanic exhalation and sedimentation-structural reworking and overprinting type deposit.展开更多
Supergene jarosite is widely distributed in weathering profiles derived from hypogene sulfide ores.Precise40Ar/39Ar dating and determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of supergene jarosite can not only place tig...Supergene jarosite is widely distributed in weathering profiles derived from hypogene sulfide ores.Precise40Ar/39Ar dating and determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of supergene jarosite can not only place tight constraints on the timing and history of continental weathering and supergene enrichment of sulfide ore deposits,but also shed significant insights into paleoclimatic conditions and tectonic uplift responsible for the weathering.In this paper,we present a preliminary study of40Ar/39Ar geochronology and stable isotope geochemistry of supergene jarosite from the early Paleozoic Zheyaoshan volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit of the Baiyin ore field located in the eastern portion of the Qilian Mountain along the northeastern(NE)margin of the Tibetan Plateau in an attempt to better understand the climatic conditions prevailed during the pervasive weathering in the region.Jarosite from the Zheyaoshan mining area occurs either as gravels within alluvial deposits over low-relief flat-top hills or cm-wide veins crosscutting weathered sulfide ores or their wall rocks.The gravels consist of massive jarosite aggregates with tabular crystal morphology and contain 8.21 wt%–8.31 wt%K2O on average.Two jarosite grains extracted from the gravels(08-02-2 and 08-02-5)yield well-defined40Ar/39Ar plateauages of 37.1±0.3 and 41.2±0.4 Ma(2r),respectively.They have dD values of-133%and-156%,and d18OSO4values of 2.6%and 2.5%.The vein-type jarosite consists of hexagonal pyramid crystals and contains much lower K2O,averaging at 2.44 wt%–2.72 wt%.Two jarosite veins(06-16-3 and 06-16-4)yield similar plateau ages of 3.2±0.1 and 3.3±0.1 Ma(2r),respectively.These jarosite veins have dD values of-158%and-160%,and d18OSO4values of 2.8%and 2.5%.The40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that sulfide ores of the Zheyaoshan deposit must have been brought to the surface since the late Eocene,and subsequently subjected to prolonged oxidation and supergene enrichment.The precipitation and preservation of jarosite in weathering profiles indicate that arid–semiarid climatic conditions must have been prevailed since the late Eocene.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the jarosite further point to variation of climatic conditions in the area,with the Pliocene being slightly cooler relative to the late Eocene.Given that weathering profiles overlying sulfide ore deposits are widely distributed along the Qilian Mountain,systematic studies of40Ar/39Ar geochronology and stable isotope geochemistry of jarosite-group minerals from these profiles would provide valuable information on the timing and evolution of regional tectonic uplift,paleoclimatic changes,and supergene mineralization in this mountainous belt along the NE edge of the Tibetan Plateau.展开更多
文摘铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商丹缝合带北侧,秦岭与祁连造山带的交汇部位。矿区地层总体走向北西西,东西两端分别被太白花岗岩体、宝鸡花岗岩体所截,中部煤沟花岗闪长岩体侵入于矿区背斜南翼。
文摘铜峪铜矿床是迄今在北秦岭西部认定的少数具有工业价值的VHMS型铜矿床,但该矿床研究程度较低(戴文晗,1982;宁晰春,1984;Lee et al.,2010;朱赖民等,2010)。铜峪铜矿床位于秦岭造山带北秦岭构造带中段斜峪关群中,在大地构造位置上处于商丹缝合带北侧,秦岭与祁连造山带的交汇部位。
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41272092,41421002 and 41072068)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(Grant IRT1281)+1 种基金Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant No.2013JZ013)Graduate Innovation Funds of Northwest University,China(Grant No.YZZ12006)
文摘Precise in situ zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic measurement using an LA-ICP-MS system, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry were conducted on the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu copper deposit on the basis of further understanding of its geological characteristics. Three zircon samples from the volcanic host rocks yielded 206Pb/238 U weighted average ages ranging from 436±4 Ma to 440±5 Ma, which are statistically indistinguishable and coeval with the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab. The volcanic host rocks were products of magmatic differentiation that evolved from basalt to andesite to dacite to rhyolite, forming an integrated tholeiitic island arc volcanic rock suite. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns for most samples show characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks, such as relative enrichment of LILE（e.g. Th, U, Pb and La） and depletion of HFSE（e.g. Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr and Hf）. Discrimination diagrams of Ta/Yb vs Th/Yb, Ta vs Th, Yb vs Th/Ta, Ta/Hf vs Th/Hf, Hf/3 vs Th vs Nb/16, La vs La/Nb and Nb vs Nb/Th all suggest that both the volcanic host rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the volcanic rocks from the regional Xieyuguan Group were formed in an island arc environment related to subduction of an oceanic slab. Values of ISr（0.703457 to 0.708218） and εNd（t）（-2 to 5.8） indicate that the source materials of volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit and the Xieyuguan Group originated from the metasomatised mantle wedge with possible crustal material assimilation. Most of the volcanic rock samples show good agreement with the values of typical island arc volcanic rocks in the ISr-εNd（t） diagram. The involvement of crustal-derived material in the magma of the volcanic rocks from the Tongyu copper deposit was also reflected in the zircon εHf（t） values, which range from-3.08 to 10.7, and the existence of inherited ancient xenocrystic zircon cores（2616±39 Ma and 1297±22 Ma）. The mineralization of the Tongyu copper deposit shows syn-volcanic characteristics such as layered orebodies interbedded with the volcanic rock strata, thus, the zircon U-Pb age of the volcanic host rocks can approximately represent the mineralization age of the Tongyu copper deposit. Both the Meigou pluton and the volcanic host rocks were formed during the ca. 440 Ma northward subduction of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean when high oxygen fugacity aqueous hydrothermal fluid released by dehydration of the slab and the overlying sediments fluxed into the mantle wedge, triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge, and activated and extracted Cu and other ore-forming elements. The magma and ore-bearing fluid upwelled and erupted, and consequently formed the island arc volcanic rock suite and the Tongyu VHMS-type copper deposit.
基金The authors are grateful to the Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah and the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for their generous support and funding provided through University Distinguished Research Grants(Project No.RDU223016)as well as financial assistance provided through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(No.FRGS/1/2022/TK10/UMP/02/35).
文摘The automotive sector is crucial in modern society,facilitating essential transportation needs across personal,commercial,and logistical domains while significantly contributing to national economic development and employment generation.The transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence(AI)has revolutionised multiple facets of the automotive industry,encompassing intelligent manufacturing processes,diagnostic systems,control mechanisms,supply chain operations,customer service platforms,and traffic management solutions.While extensive research exists on the above aspects of AI applications in automotive contexts,there is a compelling need to synthesise this knowledge comprehensively to guide and inspire future research.This review introduces a novel taxonomic framework that provides a holistic perspective on AI integration into the automotive sector,focusing on next-generation AI methods and their critical implementation aspects.Additionally,the proposed conceptual framework for real-time condition monitoring of electric vehicle subsystems delivers actionable maintenance recommendations to stakeholders,addressing a critical gap in the field.The review highlights that AI has significantly expedited the development of autonomous vehicles regarding navigation,decision-making,and safety features through the use of advanced algorithms and deep learning structures.Furthermore,it identifies advanced driver assistance systems,vehicle health monitoring,and predictive maintenance as the most impactful AI applications,transforming operational safety and maintenance efficiency in modern automotive technologies.The work is beneficial to understanding the various use cases of AI in the different automotive domains,where AI maintains a state-of-the-art for sector-specific applications,providing a strong foundation for meeting Industry 4.0 needs and encouraging AI use among more nascent industry segments.The current work is intended to consolidate previous works while shedding some light on future research directions in promoting further growth of AI-based innovations in the scope of automotive applications.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB403502)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40872071)+3 种基金Program of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology for State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (Grant No.BJ091349)Foundation of the State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research,Nanjing University (Grant No.14-08-1)Foundation of the Educational Bureau of Shaanxi Province Foundation (Grant No.07JK414)Graduate Innovation and Creativity Funds of Northwest University,China (Grant No.08YZZ53)
文摘The Tongyu volcanic-hosted massive sulfide(VHMS) copper deposit is located in the west part of the North Qinling(NQL),Shaanxi Province.Here we report geological features and trace elemental characteristics of ores,mineralized rocks,and volcanic host rocks of this deposit.We also conducted in situ zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf LA-ICP-MS dating and lithogeochemical study of the Meigou granodiorite,which is intruded in the south of the Tongyu mining district.It is inferred that the volcanic host rocks of the Tongyu Cu deposit belong to calc-alkaline island arc volcanic rocks,and the volcanic host rocks and the ore-forming materials share common material sources.During subduction of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic slab at around 472 Ma,high oxygen-fugacity aqueous fluid released by dehydration reaction of the subducting slab rose into the mantle wedge,leached Cu and other metal elements,and triggered partial melting of the mantle wedge.Associated with the ore-forming materials,the arc calc-alkaline magmas erupted and formed the Tongyu VHMS deposit.The weighted average zircon U-Pb age of the Meigou granodiorite is 439.3±3 Ma,suggesting its genesis is associated with the subduction event of the Paleo-Qinling oceanic plate around 440 Ma.In terms of the granitoid’s geochemical characteristics,the Mg#,Ni,and Cr contents are high.REE show strongly fractionated patterns with unobvious Eu anomalies.Sr contents are high while Y contents are low,resulting in high Sr/Y ratios.Two-stage zircon Hf model ages mostly range between 908 and 723 Ma,with εHf(t)】0.Therefore,we classify Meigou granodiorite as island arc granite with adakitic geochemical features.It was generated by interaction between mantle wedge and melt produced by partial melting of the subducted basaltic slab of the Paleo-Qinling Ocean.The Tongyu VHMS deposit was formed in the island arc tectonic setting during Ordovician-Silurian between 439.3±3 Ma and 472±11 Ma.The volcanic exhalation-sedimentation,which was contemporaneous with the submarine volcanics,produced the primary mineralization of the Tongyu Cu deposit.Afterward,the ore bodies and host rocks were reworked and overprinted intensively by structures corresponding with the overall collisional orogenic process of the Qinling Orogenic Belt during the Indosinian period.In contrast to classic VHMS deposits such as the Kuroko deposit in Japan,the Tongyu Cu deposit possesses the dual characteristics of island arc volcanic exhalation and sedimentation as well as structural reworking and overprinting.Therefore,the Tongyu VHMS Cu deposit is a volcanic exhalation and sedimentation-structural reworking and overprinting type deposit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41325007 and 40573021)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-05-0665)
文摘Supergene jarosite is widely distributed in weathering profiles derived from hypogene sulfide ores.Precise40Ar/39Ar dating and determination of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of supergene jarosite can not only place tight constraints on the timing and history of continental weathering and supergene enrichment of sulfide ore deposits,but also shed significant insights into paleoclimatic conditions and tectonic uplift responsible for the weathering.In this paper,we present a preliminary study of40Ar/39Ar geochronology and stable isotope geochemistry of supergene jarosite from the early Paleozoic Zheyaoshan volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposit of the Baiyin ore field located in the eastern portion of the Qilian Mountain along the northeastern(NE)margin of the Tibetan Plateau in an attempt to better understand the climatic conditions prevailed during the pervasive weathering in the region.Jarosite from the Zheyaoshan mining area occurs either as gravels within alluvial deposits over low-relief flat-top hills or cm-wide veins crosscutting weathered sulfide ores or their wall rocks.The gravels consist of massive jarosite aggregates with tabular crystal morphology and contain 8.21 wt%–8.31 wt%K2O on average.Two jarosite grains extracted from the gravels(08-02-2 and 08-02-5)yield well-defined40Ar/39Ar plateauages of 37.1±0.3 and 41.2±0.4 Ma(2r),respectively.They have dD values of-133%and-156%,and d18OSO4values of 2.6%and 2.5%.The vein-type jarosite consists of hexagonal pyramid crystals and contains much lower K2O,averaging at 2.44 wt%–2.72 wt%.Two jarosite veins(06-16-3 and 06-16-4)yield similar plateau ages of 3.2±0.1 and 3.3±0.1 Ma(2r),respectively.These jarosite veins have dD values of-158%and-160%,and d18OSO4values of 2.8%and 2.5%.The40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that sulfide ores of the Zheyaoshan deposit must have been brought to the surface since the late Eocene,and subsequently subjected to prolonged oxidation and supergene enrichment.The precipitation and preservation of jarosite in weathering profiles indicate that arid–semiarid climatic conditions must have been prevailed since the late Eocene.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of the jarosite further point to variation of climatic conditions in the area,with the Pliocene being slightly cooler relative to the late Eocene.Given that weathering profiles overlying sulfide ore deposits are widely distributed along the Qilian Mountain,systematic studies of40Ar/39Ar geochronology and stable isotope geochemistry of jarosite-group minerals from these profiles would provide valuable information on the timing and evolution of regional tectonic uplift,paleoclimatic changes,and supergene mineralization in this mountainous belt along the NE edge of the Tibetan Plateau.
