One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares l...One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares learners＇ anxiety in two different classrooms in which learners were instructed by two forms of artifacts： materializing and verbalizing. The Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale （FLLAS） scores before and after a 13-week experimental treatment course were used to compare learners＇ anxiety before and after receiving intervention by two means. In this study, the lower score of anxiety was for the group which did verbalization practice in the class; however, both groups showed the same performance on listening test.展开更多
2025 has,so far,been a year of surprises.The United States under its reelected president,Donald Trump,has not only ramped up the U.S.trade war with China that he began in his first term,but has also unleashed a verbal...2025 has,so far,been a year of surprises.The United States under its reelected president,Donald Trump,has not only ramped up the U.S.trade war with China that he began in his first term,but has also unleashed a verbal assault and a barrage of tariffs against its neighbors,Canada and Mexico.It appears the age of globalization and rules-based free trade is over,at least as far as the giant U.S.economy is concerned.展开更多
BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of...BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.展开更多
BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)are believed to be characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia.The prevalence of AVHs in deaf patients with schizophrenia is comparable to that in patients with schizophreni...BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)are believed to be characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia.The prevalence of AVHs in deaf patients with schizophrenia is comparable to that in patients with schizophrenia who have normal hearing ability.AVHs in deaf patients with schizophrenia require treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old deaf woman with schizophrenia had experienced AVHs for 3 months.Her psychotic symptoms were not alleviated by antipsychotic medication alone.Modified electroconvulsive therapy in combination with antipsychotic drugs effectively alleviated her AVHs and disorganized behavior.During outpatient follow-up for 6 months,her condition have remained stable,and she has been able to take care of herself.CONCLUSION Treatment with modified electroconvulsive therapy was found to be safe and might be indicated for deaf patients whose symptoms are not well managed with antipsychotic medication alone.Deaf people might be unable to communicate through spoken language;therefore,to make proper diagnoses and provide appropriate treatment for these patients,psychiatrists must have patience and seek to understand patients’mental state.展开更多
BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes o...BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of AVHs and construct the risk nomogram prediction model of patients with different types of AVHs.METHODS Patients with different types of verbal hallucinations who visited Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital were retrospectively selected from March 2021 to March 2023,and these patients were classified into 117 cases of schizophrenia(SCZ)with AVHs,108 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)with AVHs,and 105 cases of recurrent depressive disorder with AVHs according to type.Transcranial doppler was performed to measure the hemodynamic parameters of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),basilar artery(BA)and vertebral artery(VA).Logistic regression modelling was used to explore the factors affecting patients with different types of AVHs and odds ratio,95%confidence interval(CI).A clinical prediction model was constructed,and the efficacy of the clinical prediction model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic,Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test,calibration curves and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The differences between the three groups of patients in mean velocity(Vm)-MCA,end-diastolic velocity(Vd)-MCA,Vm-ACA,pulsatility index(PI)-ACA,Vm-PCA,peak systolic velocity(Vs)-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,Vs-BA,Vd-BA,PI-BA,resistance index(RI)-BA,Vm-VA,Vs-VA,Vd-VA,PI-VA,and RI-VA indexes were statistically significant.Rising Vm-ACA is an independent risk factor for SCZ with AVHs,and falling Vm-VA,Vd-MCA,and Vd-VA are independent risk factors for SCZ with AVHs.Rising Vm-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,and Vs-BA are independent risk factors for PTSD with AVHs,and Vm-MCA,Vs-MCA,Vd-MCA,PI-PCA,and RIBA are independent protective factors for PTSD with AVHs.Elevated Vm-MCA,Vd-MCA,RI-BA,Vm-VA,and Vd-VA were independent risk factors,and elevated Vm-ACA,Vs-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,and Vd-PCA were independent protective factors.The areas under the curve of the three models were 0.82(95%CI:0.76-0.87),0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),and 0.81(95%CI:0.77-0.86),respectively;the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test of the calibration curves of the three models suggests that P>0.05.CONCLUSION Monitoring the cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with AVHs is of practical significance in determining the type of mental disorder,which helps clinicians identify the type of AVHs and adopt more efficient treatment strategies to help patients recover.展开更多
BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dement...BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are almost always associated with cerebral hemodynamic deficits.AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)assessment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in combination with relevant plasma biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment(MCI).METHODS This study selected 50 patients with non-amnestic MCI(na-MCI group),52 patients with amnestic MCI(a-MCI group),and 55 healthy elderly controls(control group).The Chinese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT),Hamilton anxiety/depression scale(HAMA/HAMD),and activity of daily living(ADL)scales were used to analyze the characteristics of mental and behavioral symptoms of patients with MCI.The DCE-MRI technique was used to assess the contrast enhancement kinetics.The Patlak model was utilized to analyze the BBB permeability(volume transfer constants).Further,fasting blood was was used to quantify plasma homocysteine(Hcy),β-amyloid protein(Aβ)40,Aβ42,human phosphorylated tau-181 protein(p-tau181),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)levels,as well as serum neurofilament light chain(NFL)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentrations.RESULTS The na-MCI and a-MCI groups demonstrated significantly lower MoCA and AVLT-Huashan version scores,and statistically higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the control group.Moreover,the a-MCI group showed notably higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the na-MCI group.Cranial MRI results revealed significant disparities in cerebral blood flow in the left and right frontal lobes,temporal lobes,hippocampi,cuneus,precuneus,parietal lobes,basal ganglia,and occipital lobes between the a-MCI and na-MCI groups.Compared to healthy controls,patients with MCI demonstrated a smaller amplitude of hippocampal contrast enhancement kinetics and a slower decay rate,indicating smaller vascular volume and increased BBB permeability.Further,Hcy,p-tau181,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,PAI-1,and NFL levels were substantially higher in the a-MCI group than in the na-MCI group,whereas the Aβ42 level was significantly lower.We did not observe any significant differences in Aβ40 and GFAP levels.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI may have experienced cerebrovascular system changes in the hippocampal region.Disorders associated with changes in cerebral blood supply may begin before pathophysiological changes are visible by imaging,which provides references for the assessment and treatment of patients with cognitive disorders.Further,DCE-MRI provides a noninvasive approach to diagnose subtle BBB leakage associated with cerebrovascular pathology.展开更多
In the 21st century,the development of digital and new media technologies has ushered in an age of pervasive multimodal communication,which has significantly amplified the role of multimodal translation in facilitatin...In the 21st century,the development of digital and new media technologies has ushered in an age of pervasive multimodal communication,which has significantly amplified the role of multimodal translation in facilitating crosscultural exchanges.Despite the profound impact of these developments,the prevailing translation pedagogy remains predominantly focused on the enhancement of linguistic translation skills,with noticeable neglect of the imperative to cultivate students’competencies in multimodal translation.Based on the distinctive characteristics and challenges that multimodal translation presents in the context of new media,this study delves into the formulation of educational objectives and curriculum design for the training of multimodal translators.The intent is to propose a framework that can guide the preparation of translators who are adept and equipped to navigate the complexities and demands of the contemporary age.展开更多
Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and Br...Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and British countries in the use of refusal language strategies by combining manual and graphical data analyses.It is found that Chinese people use more indirect ways of using refusal speech acts,and British and American countries use more direct ways of using refusal speech acts.In addition to this,both Chinese and British countries use non-verbal behavior to reject speech as a way of protecting the positive face of the addressee and reducing the threatening behavior to the face of the other party.This study also found that the ambivalent relationship between the emergence of refusal language strategies in both China and Britain is related to their personal psychological state,social values,and personal face.The results of this study have some values for sociology as well as pragmatics,which is conducive to the maintenance of interpersonal relationships.展开更多
This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-r...This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.展开更多
In the light of need to use learning styles to enhance verbal proficiency,this paper will explore the interconnectedness of learning styles and proficiency in verbal communication.It will first introduce the backgroun...In the light of need to use learning styles to enhance verbal proficiency,this paper will explore the interconnectedness of learning styles and proficiency in verbal communication.It will first introduce the background of the study.This will be followed by an overview of the research on related literature and studies in the field.Lastly the paper concludes that foreign language teachers should give attention to the styles for languages learning and verbal proficiency since they are closely correlated.展开更多
Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature...Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature2. Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in展开更多
Classroom interaction involves many aspects,among which teacher's feedback is an important element.This paper aimes at studying teacher's feedback from the perspective of communication.It first discusses the d...Classroom interaction involves many aspects,among which teacher's feedback is an important element.This paper aimes at studying teacher's feedback from the perspective of communication.It first discusses the definition of teacher's feedback and analyses the functions of teacher's feedback in the classroom interaction and then explores some strategies for effective feedback based on communication theory.展开更多
一、文学常识 1.neoclassicism-The neoclassic periodis usually taken to be the hundred-odd years1660-1798;in other words, from Dryden’smaturity to Johnson’s death(1784). In liter-ary theory and practice most writers of
Communication is a combination of both verbal language and nonverbal language. Verbal language varies in different cultures, so does nonverbal language. Nowadays more and more teachers have realized the necessity for ...Communication is a combination of both verbal language and nonverbal language. Verbal language varies in different cultures, so does nonverbal language. Nowadays more and more teachers have realized the necessity for students to speak the foreign language in class. However, there are still some problems in teaching, studying and testing foreign language, which will be dealt with in this paper. Some teachers speak foreign language with Chinese body language. Thus students, while talking in class,also use Chinese body language to indicate their thoughts. How can't misunderstanding occur when they communicate with native speakers of foreign language? So body language should be set as one of the contents of foreign language teaching. Therefore,body language and courtesies should play an important role in tests.展开更多
This study analyzes the the verbal humor in the movie series If You Are The One from the perspective of some pragmatic theories.The findings of the study provide explanations towards generative mechanism of humor,such...This study analyzes the the verbal humor in the movie series If You Are The One from the perspective of some pragmatic theories.The findings of the study provide explanations towards generative mechanism of humor,such as the violation of Cooperative Principle,avoiding face-threatening acts,and particularly,creatively reveal that special use of Politeness Principle can produce a humourous effect,too.展开更多
This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which p...This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which produce humorous effect,morpheme absorption,ambiguity,and script opposition will be discussed.Finally,it is found out that script opposition can take place of morpheme absorption,ambiguity to explain how humor is caused fundamentally.展开更多
文摘One of the challenges in foreign language teaching, specifically teaching listening skill, is to create a low-anxiety classroom environment, since many learners believe listening induces anxiety. This study compares learners＇ anxiety in two different classrooms in which learners were instructed by two forms of artifacts： materializing and verbalizing. The Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale （FLLAS） scores before and after a 13-week experimental treatment course were used to compare learners＇ anxiety before and after receiving intervention by two means. In this study, the lower score of anxiety was for the group which did verbalization practice in the class; however, both groups showed the same performance on listening test.
文摘2025 has,so far,been a year of surprises.The United States under its reelected president,Donald Trump,has not only ramped up the U.S.trade war with China that he began in his first term,but has also unleashed a verbal assault and a barrage of tariffs against its neighbors,Canada and Mexico.It appears the age of globalization and rules-based free trade is over,at least as far as the giant U.S.economy is concerned.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Scientific Research Plan Project of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371521Special Tasks for the Construction of Hunan Innovative Province,No.2023SK4002.
文摘BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.
基金the Doctoral Startup Fund of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.
文摘BACKGROUND Auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)are believed to be characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia.The prevalence of AVHs in deaf patients with schizophrenia is comparable to that in patients with schizophrenia who have normal hearing ability.AVHs in deaf patients with schizophrenia require treatment.CASE SUMMARY A 22-year-old deaf woman with schizophrenia had experienced AVHs for 3 months.Her psychotic symptoms were not alleviated by antipsychotic medication alone.Modified electroconvulsive therapy in combination with antipsychotic drugs effectively alleviated her AVHs and disorganized behavior.During outpatient follow-up for 6 months,her condition have remained stable,and she has been able to take care of herself.CONCLUSION Treatment with modified electroconvulsive therapy was found to be safe and might be indicated for deaf patients whose symptoms are not well managed with antipsychotic medication alone.Deaf people might be unable to communicate through spoken language;therefore,to make proper diagnoses and provide appropriate treatment for these patients,psychiatrists must have patience and seek to understand patients’mental state.
文摘BACKGROUND The characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of auditory verbal hallucinations(AVHs)was not clear.AIM To explore the characteristics of cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with different types of AVHs and construct the risk nomogram prediction model of patients with different types of AVHs.METHODS Patients with different types of verbal hallucinations who visited Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital were retrospectively selected from March 2021 to March 2023,and these patients were classified into 117 cases of schizophrenia(SCZ)with AVHs,108 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)with AVHs,and 105 cases of recurrent depressive disorder with AVHs according to type.Transcranial doppler was performed to measure the hemodynamic parameters of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA),middle cerebral artery(MCA),posterior cerebral artery(PCA),basilar artery(BA)and vertebral artery(VA).Logistic regression modelling was used to explore the factors affecting patients with different types of AVHs and odds ratio,95%confidence interval(CI).A clinical prediction model was constructed,and the efficacy of the clinical prediction model was evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic,Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test,calibration curves and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The differences between the three groups of patients in mean velocity(Vm)-MCA,end-diastolic velocity(Vd)-MCA,Vm-ACA,pulsatility index(PI)-ACA,Vm-PCA,peak systolic velocity(Vs)-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,Vs-BA,Vd-BA,PI-BA,resistance index(RI)-BA,Vm-VA,Vs-VA,Vd-VA,PI-VA,and RI-VA indexes were statistically significant.Rising Vm-ACA is an independent risk factor for SCZ with AVHs,and falling Vm-VA,Vd-MCA,and Vd-VA are independent risk factors for SCZ with AVHs.Rising Vm-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,Vd-PCA,Vm-BA,and Vs-BA are independent risk factors for PTSD with AVHs,and Vm-MCA,Vs-MCA,Vd-MCA,PI-PCA,and RIBA are independent protective factors for PTSD with AVHs.Elevated Vm-MCA,Vd-MCA,RI-BA,Vm-VA,and Vd-VA were independent risk factors,and elevated Vm-ACA,Vs-ACA,Vm-PCA,Vs-PCA,and Vd-PCA were independent protective factors.The areas under the curve of the three models were 0.82(95%CI:0.76-0.87),0.88(95%CI:0.83-0.92),and 0.81(95%CI:0.77-0.86),respectively;the Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness-of-Fit test of the calibration curves of the three models suggests that P>0.05.CONCLUSION Monitoring the cerebral hemodynamic indexes of patients with AVHs is of practical significance in determining the type of mental disorder,which helps clinicians identify the type of AVHs and adopt more efficient treatment strategies to help patients recover.
文摘BACKGROUND The role of cerebral microvascular dysfunction in early cognitive impairment and dementia has become increasingly recognized.Furthermore,pathological changes in both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are almost always associated with cerebral hemodynamic deficits.AIM To investigate the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)assessment of the blood-brain barrier(BBB)in combination with relevant plasma biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment(MCI).METHODS This study selected 50 patients with non-amnestic MCI(na-MCI group),52 patients with amnestic MCI(a-MCI group),and 55 healthy elderly controls(control group).The Chinese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),auditory verbal learning test(AVLT),Hamilton anxiety/depression scale(HAMA/HAMD),and activity of daily living(ADL)scales were used to analyze the characteristics of mental and behavioral symptoms of patients with MCI.The DCE-MRI technique was used to assess the contrast enhancement kinetics.The Patlak model was utilized to analyze the BBB permeability(volume transfer constants).Further,fasting blood was was used to quantify plasma homocysteine(Hcy),β-amyloid protein(Aβ)40,Aβ42,human phosphorylated tau-181 protein(p-tau181),intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)levels,as well as serum neurofilament light chain(NFL)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)concentrations.RESULTS The na-MCI and a-MCI groups demonstrated significantly lower MoCA and AVLT-Huashan version scores,and statistically higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the control group.Moreover,the a-MCI group showed notably higher HAMA,HAMD,and ADL scores compared to the na-MCI group.Cranial MRI results revealed significant disparities in cerebral blood flow in the left and right frontal lobes,temporal lobes,hippocampi,cuneus,precuneus,parietal lobes,basal ganglia,and occipital lobes between the a-MCI and na-MCI groups.Compared to healthy controls,patients with MCI demonstrated a smaller amplitude of hippocampal contrast enhancement kinetics and a slower decay rate,indicating smaller vascular volume and increased BBB permeability.Further,Hcy,p-tau181,ICAM-1,VCAM-1,PAI-1,and NFL levels were substantially higher in the a-MCI group than in the na-MCI group,whereas the Aβ42 level was significantly lower.We did not observe any significant differences in Aβ40 and GFAP levels.CONCLUSION Patients with MCI may have experienced cerebrovascular system changes in the hippocampal region.Disorders associated with changes in cerebral blood supply may begin before pathophysiological changes are visible by imaging,which provides references for the assessment and treatment of patients with cognitive disorders.Further,DCE-MRI provides a noninvasive approach to diagnose subtle BBB leakage associated with cerebrovascular pathology.
基金2020 Chongqing Municipal Education Planning Project“Research on the Cultivation of Multimodal Translation Talent in the Digital Age”(2020-GX-278)Chongqing Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project“Research on the Cultivation Model of Compound Application-Oriented Foreign Language Talent Based on the Integration of Classrooms One,Two,and Three Under the Background of the New Liberal Arts”(233177)。
文摘In the 21st century,the development of digital and new media technologies has ushered in an age of pervasive multimodal communication,which has significantly amplified the role of multimodal translation in facilitating crosscultural exchanges.Despite the profound impact of these developments,the prevailing translation pedagogy remains predominantly focused on the enhancement of linguistic translation skills,with noticeable neglect of the imperative to cultivate students’competencies in multimodal translation.Based on the distinctive characteristics and challenges that multimodal translation presents in the context of new media,this study delves into the formulation of educational objectives and curriculum design for the training of multimodal translators.The intent is to propose a framework that can guide the preparation of translators who are adept and equipped to navigate the complexities and demands of the contemporary age.
文摘Using 80 short video examples about refusal language strategies on Douyin short videos as a corpus,this study explores the commonality and individuality,as well as the contradictory relationship between Chinese and British countries in the use of refusal language strategies by combining manual and graphical data analyses.It is found that Chinese people use more indirect ways of using refusal speech acts,and British and American countries use more direct ways of using refusal speech acts.In addition to this,both Chinese and British countries use non-verbal behavior to reject speech as a way of protecting the positive face of the addressee and reducing the threatening behavior to the face of the other party.This study also found that the ambivalent relationship between the emergence of refusal language strategies in both China and Britain is related to their personal psychological state,social values,and personal face.The results of this study have some values for sociology as well as pragmatics,which is conducive to the maintenance of interpersonal relationships.
文摘This paper aims to explore how a veteran teacher organizes online teaching initiated by the pandemic and how she deals with the problems in online teacher-student verbal interaction.By analyzing a corpus of 20 audio-recorded online lessons between a math teacher and her students during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 11 to May 10,2022,four interactional segments are selected as the focus of the study.The results of the conversation analysis of the segments showed that students’modesty,lack of confidence,lack of ability,and network delay are the main factors affecting online teacher-student interaction.By encouraging students to answer questions,enlightening students to give answers,enriching students’answers,and entertaining the teaching atmosphere(“4Es”strategies),the teacher solved the problems successfully.The findings from this study can provide pedagogical experience and implications for practical teaching.
文摘In the light of need to use learning styles to enhance verbal proficiency,this paper will explore the interconnectedness of learning styles and proficiency in verbal communication.It will first introduce the background of the study.This will be followed by an overview of the research on related literature and studies in the field.Lastly the paper concludes that foreign language teachers should give attention to the styles for languages learning and verbal proficiency since they are closely correlated.
文摘Ⅰ. Each of the Statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.1. Jack of all trades is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in nature C. verbal in nature D. adverbial in nature2. Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom_.A. nominal in nature B. adjectival in
文摘Classroom interaction involves many aspects,among which teacher's feedback is an important element.This paper aimes at studying teacher's feedback from the perspective of communication.It first discusses the definition of teacher's feedback and analyses the functions of teacher's feedback in the classroom interaction and then explores some strategies for effective feedback based on communication theory.
文摘一、文学常识 1.neoclassicism-The neoclassic periodis usually taken to be the hundred-odd years1660-1798;in other words, from Dryden’smaturity to Johnson’s death(1784). In liter-ary theory and practice most writers of
文摘Communication is a combination of both verbal language and nonverbal language. Verbal language varies in different cultures, so does nonverbal language. Nowadays more and more teachers have realized the necessity for students to speak the foreign language in class. However, there are still some problems in teaching, studying and testing foreign language, which will be dealt with in this paper. Some teachers speak foreign language with Chinese body language. Thus students, while talking in class,also use Chinese body language to indicate their thoughts. How can't misunderstanding occur when they communicate with native speakers of foreign language? So body language should be set as one of the contents of foreign language teaching. Therefore,body language and courtesies should play an important role in tests.
文摘This study analyzes the the verbal humor in the movie series If You Are The One from the perspective of some pragmatic theories.The findings of the study provide explanations towards generative mechanism of humor,such as the violation of Cooperative Principle,avoiding face-threatening acts,and particularly,creatively reveal that special use of Politeness Principle can produce a humourous effect,too.
文摘This paper aims to study the verbal humor in Guo Degang's cross talk from semantic perspective.The focus is to illustrate the generating process and the mechanism of verbal humor.Three aspects of semantics which produce humorous effect,morpheme absorption,ambiguity,and script opposition will be discussed.Finally,it is found out that script opposition can take place of morpheme absorption,ambiguity to explain how humor is caused fundamentally.
