Politeness symbolizes human civilization,and is one of conduct codes of human beings.As a social activity,language use is subject to this code as well.Pragmatic vagueness is a common phenomenon in spoken discourse.Fur...Politeness symbolizes human civilization,and is one of conduct codes of human beings.As a social activity,language use is subject to this code as well.Pragmatic vagueness is a common phenomenon in spoken discourse.Furthermore,it is an important strategy widely used in teachers' spoken language.Based on the politeness principle,this thesis explores the pragmatic vagueness by analyzing teachers' spoken discourse.Employing pragmatic vagueness in teacher's spoken language can smooth the relationship between teachers and students,and help teachers gain foremost effect on the education to their students.展开更多
In BE interpretation process, interpreters will inevitably encounter the fuzzy phenomenon when inputting and outputting the message and they will adopt some vague language to fulfill the communication task. The proper...In BE interpretation process, interpreters will inevitably encounter the fuzzy phenomenon when inputting and outputting the message and they will adopt some vague language to fulfill the communication task. The proper analysis of pragmatic function of vagueness in BE interpretation will contribute to the realization of business communication.展开更多
Pragmatic vagueness is frequently used in business correspondences and it offers benefits to the addressers by making business letter more flexible,appropriate and polite.This paper focuses on the employment of vague ...Pragmatic vagueness is frequently used in business correspondences and it offers benefits to the addressers by making business letter more flexible,appropriate and polite.This paper focuses on the employment of vague language in international business correspondences based on the Politeness Principle.In this study,the pragmatic effect of vague language in business correspondence is illustrated and summarized as a motivated factor to better show politeness and respect.The use of vague language motivated by politeness consequently leads to a more smooth,successful and desired communication in business world.展开更多
In the automation of identification of landscape features the vaguenessarises from the fact that the attributes and parameters that make up a landscape vary over space andscale. In most of existing studies, these two ...In the automation of identification of landscape features the vaguenessarises from the fact that the attributes and parameters that make up a landscape vary over space andscale. In most of existing studies, these two kinds of vagueness are studied separately. This paperinvestigates their combination in identification of coast landscape units. Fuzzy set theory is usedto describe the vagueness of geomorphic features due to the continuity in space. The vaguenessresulted from the scale of measurement is evaluated by statistic indicators. The differences offuzzy objects derived from data at differing resolutions (in size from 3 X 3 cells to 25 X 25 cells)are studied in order to examine these higher-order uncertainties.展开更多
The modelling and formal characterization of spatial vagueness plays an increasingly important role in the imple- mentation of Geographic Information System (GIS). The concepts involved in spatial objects of GIS have ...The modelling and formal characterization of spatial vagueness plays an increasingly important role in the imple- mentation of Geographic Information System (GIS). The concepts involved in spatial objects of GIS have been investigated and acknowledged as being vague and ambiguous. Models and methods which describe and handle fuzzy or vague (rather than crisp or determinate) spatial objects, will be more necessary in GIS. This paper proposes a new method for modelling spatial vagueness based on type-2 fuzzy set, which is distinguished from the traditional type-1 fuzzy methods and more suitable for describing and implementing the vague concepts and objects in GIS.展开更多
Diplomatic language is of vital importance in current affairs and international relationship. Many studies have been made worldwide, and exciting breakthroughs, especially those in the field of social intercourse, for...Diplomatic language is of vital importance in current affairs and international relationship. Many studies have been made worldwide, and exciting breakthroughs, especially those in the field of social intercourse, foreign affairs negotiation, artificial intelligence and answering to sensitive questions, have been achieved through its application. They are, however, limited to oral and written practice in speeches, addresses, negotiations and treaties between diplomats and government leaders in dealing with the political foreign affairs. This paper makes an analysis of Chinese diplomatic language, especially focuses on the pragmatic goals of the diplomatic vagueness, and then proposes some translation strategies. Firstly, it notes the definition of"vagueness", which gives the premise of diplomatic vagueness. Secondly, the pragmatic goals are analyzed and several communicative affect of this certain kind of language phenomenon. Then, the author notes the famous"functional equivalence"rule by Nida, which settle solid theoretical foundation for the research. Some cases are researched and translation strategies are proposed. It attempts to give some enlightenment to the study of communicative and translation skills in foreign affairs, also, how to be a better translator and interpreter in this aspect.展开更多
Fuzzy words are abundant in all human languages,and widely used in diplomatic language without exception.As one of the tactics and speech skills,appropriate vagueness can meet the special requirements of social contac...Fuzzy words are abundant in all human languages,and widely used in diplomatic language without exception.As one of the tactics and speech skills,appropriate vagueness can meet the special requirements of social contact and accomplish the communicative task.Vagueness has become an indispensable artistic skill for diplomatic personnel.If we analyze diplomatic vagueness from the pragmatic perspective,we can find the grounds for its existence.This thesis first discusses three different definitions of vagueness,the characteristics of diplomatic language,and the basic pragmatic theories:the Cooperative Principle,the Politeness Principle,which will be used to analyze vagueness.Then,through diplomatic examples,the author explores,in detail,the positive effects of diplomatic vagueness.From the perspective of Cooperative Principle,diplomatic vagueness violates quality maxim and quantity maxim,so as to reach certain communicative effects.From the perspective of Politeness Principle,diplomatic vagueness may obey tact maxim,agreement maxim,approbation maxim and sympathy maxim.展开更多
Vagueness in natural language is one of the most common social phenomenon, however, it was not until the development of fuzzy set theory which was put forward by L.A. Zadeh that scholars began to realize the importanc...Vagueness in natural language is one of the most common social phenomenon, however, it was not until the development of fuzzy set theory which was put forward by L.A. Zadeh that scholars began to realize the importance of vagueness in language. Up to now, many researchers have made substantial progress in describing and explaining this complex phenomenon. In this thesis, the writer aims at studying the linguistic devices of vagueness and their pragmatic functions to help the general readers to have a better understanding of vagueness in diplomatic language.展开更多
The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of th...The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of the basic norms governing diplomat's behavior. Vagueness is always tactfully used by diplomats to achieve politeness, avoid conflict and so on, which conforms to the Politeness Principle. Among the maxims of Politeness Principle, the Tact maxim, Approbation maxim and Agreement maxim are frequently observed by diplomats.展开更多
Vagueness in English for business negotiation will be interpreted by pragmatic theories, such as, the cooperative principle, the polite principle, and the face theory through many practical cases picked from the real ...Vagueness in English for business negotiation will be interpreted by pragmatic theories, such as, the cooperative principle, the polite principle, and the face theory through many practical cases picked from the real communication between the negotiators, which aims at providing a systematic theory framework for the language users and researchers.展开更多
This paper discusses the interconnection between the Daoism and vagueness. On one hand, it summarizes the viewpoints of vagueness proposed by numerous scholars, displaying the function of such expressions, stressing t...This paper discusses the interconnection between the Daoism and vagueness. On one hand, it summarizes the viewpoints of vagueness proposed by numerous scholars, displaying the function of such expressions, stressing the affirmative role; on the other hand, it launches the term into the Chinese first philosophy Daoism, revealing the links of these two good brothers. Then, the paper argues about the insights of the logics put forward by the Chinese and the Western professionals, drawing on the conclusion that the Daoism is concerned with the Dao of vagueness. It is a fuzzy set as well as logics of dialectics with reversion reasoning. The two high context terms resemble the cultures of the East and West. The integration can contribute to the success in business communication. No universal way can guide the business interaction; our heart and soul can soften all the discrepancy and conflict. Harmony can be achieved through a variety of Daoes, each cultural group bearing their own vagueness, silence, rhetoric, and reasoning. The logics of the Dao in business communication are in your eyes, your mouth, your hands, and your heart and soul in particular.展开更多
Pragmatic vagueness is not only a universal phenomenon in daily life,but also an indispensable communicative strategy,especially in press conferences.This article analyzes pragmatic vagueness in Chinese Spokespersons...Pragmatic vagueness is not only a universal phenomenon in daily life,but also an indispensable communicative strategy,especially in press conferences.This article analyzes pragmatic vagueness in Chinese Spokespersons’four remarks from the perspective of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.The purpose of the article is to analyze the application of pragmatic vagueness in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle and its pragmatic functions.The results show that pragmatic vagueness was an international communicative strategy in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons and through the use of pragmatic vagueness,the spokespersons violated the maxims of the Cooperative Principle,especially quantity maxim and manner maxim,in order to achieve different pragmatic functions:withholding information,being flexible,avoiding conflicts and safeguarding national interests.These findings have some implications for people to understand the application and functions of pragmatic vagueness in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons.展开更多
Vagueness of language has long been explored in the fields of philosophy and logic. Although Zadeh put forward fuzzy sets theory which was considered to be a decent quantitative instrument for the study of language va...Vagueness of language has long been explored in the fields of philosophy and logic. Although Zadeh put forward fuzzy sets theory which was considered to be a decent quantitative instrument for the study of language vagueness, the source of vagueness still remains a disputed issue. As the study of vagueness goes further, researchers attached more and more attention to the relation between language-cognition- reality, especially in the cognitive field. Thus we found that it would be more satisfied with the issue to construct a relation-model between five factors： reality, concept, human, language, and context. This model, which is different from the semantic triangle in explicating the factors, human and context, may help to explain the nature of vagueness and reclassify the language vagueness.展开更多
Vague language, as an intrinsic nature of human language, is an universal phenomenon in our daily life. Pragmatic vagueness,the actual use of vague language in communication,is often used to reach certain purposes.Thi...Vague language, as an intrinsic nature of human language, is an universal phenomenon in our daily life. Pragmatic vagueness,the actual use of vague language in communication,is often used to reach certain purposes.This paper will mainly discuss the nature, deep mechanism and functions of pragmatic vagueness from the linguistic adaptation theory. Finally,the author points out that vagueness expressions are produced as a result of adaption to the certain contexts in order to ensure smooth communication.展开更多
Vagueness is inevitable in the process of communication.It exists to satisfy the objective needs.What’s more,vagueness is a significant means to upgrade the expressive effects of language.The knowledge of the phenome...Vagueness is inevitable in the process of communication.It exists to satisfy the objective needs.What’s more,vagueness is a significant means to upgrade the expressive effects of language.The knowledge of the phenomenon of conversation could benefit the efficient and comfortable conversation.This paper explores the factors causing the vagueness of language in daily conversation in terms of language itself,the speaker and the listener.展开更多
文摘Politeness symbolizes human civilization,and is one of conduct codes of human beings.As a social activity,language use is subject to this code as well.Pragmatic vagueness is a common phenomenon in spoken discourse.Furthermore,it is an important strategy widely used in teachers' spoken language.Based on the politeness principle,this thesis explores the pragmatic vagueness by analyzing teachers' spoken discourse.Employing pragmatic vagueness in teacher's spoken language can smooth the relationship between teachers and students,and help teachers gain foremost effect on the education to their students.
文摘In BE interpretation process, interpreters will inevitably encounter the fuzzy phenomenon when inputting and outputting the message and they will adopt some vague language to fulfill the communication task. The proper analysis of pragmatic function of vagueness in BE interpretation will contribute to the realization of business communication.
文摘Pragmatic vagueness is frequently used in business correspondences and it offers benefits to the addressers by making business letter more flexible,appropriate and polite.This paper focuses on the employment of vague language in international business correspondences based on the Politeness Principle.In this study,the pragmatic effect of vague language in business correspondence is illustrated and summarized as a motivated factor to better show politeness and respect.The use of vague language motivated by politeness consequently leads to a more smooth,successful and desired communication in business world.
文摘In the automation of identification of landscape features the vaguenessarises from the fact that the attributes and parameters that make up a landscape vary over space andscale. In most of existing studies, these two kinds of vagueness are studied separately. This paperinvestigates their combination in identification of coast landscape units. Fuzzy set theory is usedto describe the vagueness of geomorphic features due to the continuity in space. The vaguenessresulted from the scale of measurement is evaluated by statistic indicators. The differences offuzzy objects derived from data at differing resolutions (in size from 3 X 3 cells to 25 X 25 cells)are studied in order to examine these higher-order uncertainties.
文摘The modelling and formal characterization of spatial vagueness plays an increasingly important role in the imple- mentation of Geographic Information System (GIS). The concepts involved in spatial objects of GIS have been investigated and acknowledged as being vague and ambiguous. Models and methods which describe and handle fuzzy or vague (rather than crisp or determinate) spatial objects, will be more necessary in GIS. This paper proposes a new method for modelling spatial vagueness based on type-2 fuzzy set, which is distinguished from the traditional type-1 fuzzy methods and more suitable for describing and implementing the vague concepts and objects in GIS.
文摘Diplomatic language is of vital importance in current affairs and international relationship. Many studies have been made worldwide, and exciting breakthroughs, especially those in the field of social intercourse, foreign affairs negotiation, artificial intelligence and answering to sensitive questions, have been achieved through its application. They are, however, limited to oral and written practice in speeches, addresses, negotiations and treaties between diplomats and government leaders in dealing with the political foreign affairs. This paper makes an analysis of Chinese diplomatic language, especially focuses on the pragmatic goals of the diplomatic vagueness, and then proposes some translation strategies. Firstly, it notes the definition of"vagueness", which gives the premise of diplomatic vagueness. Secondly, the pragmatic goals are analyzed and several communicative affect of this certain kind of language phenomenon. Then, the author notes the famous"functional equivalence"rule by Nida, which settle solid theoretical foundation for the research. Some cases are researched and translation strategies are proposed. It attempts to give some enlightenment to the study of communicative and translation skills in foreign affairs, also, how to be a better translator and interpreter in this aspect.
文摘Fuzzy words are abundant in all human languages,and widely used in diplomatic language without exception.As one of the tactics and speech skills,appropriate vagueness can meet the special requirements of social contact and accomplish the communicative task.Vagueness has become an indispensable artistic skill for diplomatic personnel.If we analyze diplomatic vagueness from the pragmatic perspective,we can find the grounds for its existence.This thesis first discusses three different definitions of vagueness,the characteristics of diplomatic language,and the basic pragmatic theories:the Cooperative Principle,the Politeness Principle,which will be used to analyze vagueness.Then,through diplomatic examples,the author explores,in detail,the positive effects of diplomatic vagueness.From the perspective of Cooperative Principle,diplomatic vagueness violates quality maxim and quantity maxim,so as to reach certain communicative effects.From the perspective of Politeness Principle,diplomatic vagueness may obey tact maxim,agreement maxim,approbation maxim and sympathy maxim.
文摘Vagueness in natural language is one of the most common social phenomenon, however, it was not until the development of fuzzy set theory which was put forward by L.A. Zadeh that scholars began to realize the importance of vagueness in language. Up to now, many researchers have made substantial progress in describing and explaining this complex phenomenon. In this thesis, the writer aims at studying the linguistic devices of vagueness and their pragmatic functions to help the general readers to have a better understanding of vagueness in diplomatic language.
文摘The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of the basic norms governing diplomat's behavior. Vagueness is always tactfully used by diplomats to achieve politeness, avoid conflict and so on, which conforms to the Politeness Principle. Among the maxims of Politeness Principle, the Tact maxim, Approbation maxim and Agreement maxim are frequently observed by diplomats.
文摘Vagueness in English for business negotiation will be interpreted by pragmatic theories, such as, the cooperative principle, the polite principle, and the face theory through many practical cases picked from the real communication between the negotiators, which aims at providing a systematic theory framework for the language users and researchers.
文摘This paper discusses the interconnection between the Daoism and vagueness. On one hand, it summarizes the viewpoints of vagueness proposed by numerous scholars, displaying the function of such expressions, stressing the affirmative role; on the other hand, it launches the term into the Chinese first philosophy Daoism, revealing the links of these two good brothers. Then, the paper argues about the insights of the logics put forward by the Chinese and the Western professionals, drawing on the conclusion that the Daoism is concerned with the Dao of vagueness. It is a fuzzy set as well as logics of dialectics with reversion reasoning. The two high context terms resemble the cultures of the East and West. The integration can contribute to the success in business communication. No universal way can guide the business interaction; our heart and soul can soften all the discrepancy and conflict. Harmony can be achieved through a variety of Daoes, each cultural group bearing their own vagueness, silence, rhetoric, and reasoning. The logics of the Dao in business communication are in your eyes, your mouth, your hands, and your heart and soul in particular.
文摘Pragmatic vagueness is not only a universal phenomenon in daily life,but also an indispensable communicative strategy,especially in press conferences.This article analyzes pragmatic vagueness in Chinese Spokespersons’four remarks from the perspective of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.The purpose of the article is to analyze the application of pragmatic vagueness in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons from the perspective of the Cooperative Principle and its pragmatic functions.The results show that pragmatic vagueness was an international communicative strategy in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons and through the use of pragmatic vagueness,the spokespersons violated the maxims of the Cooperative Principle,especially quantity maxim and manner maxim,in order to achieve different pragmatic functions:withholding information,being flexible,avoiding conflicts and safeguarding national interests.These findings have some implications for people to understand the application and functions of pragmatic vagueness in the remarks of Chinese spokespersons.
文摘Vagueness of language has long been explored in the fields of philosophy and logic. Although Zadeh put forward fuzzy sets theory which was considered to be a decent quantitative instrument for the study of language vagueness, the source of vagueness still remains a disputed issue. As the study of vagueness goes further, researchers attached more and more attention to the relation between language-cognition- reality, especially in the cognitive field. Thus we found that it would be more satisfied with the issue to construct a relation-model between five factors： reality, concept, human, language, and context. This model, which is different from the semantic triangle in explicating the factors, human and context, may help to explain the nature of vagueness and reclassify the language vagueness.
文摘Vague language, as an intrinsic nature of human language, is an universal phenomenon in our daily life. Pragmatic vagueness,the actual use of vague language in communication,is often used to reach certain purposes.This paper will mainly discuss the nature, deep mechanism and functions of pragmatic vagueness from the linguistic adaptation theory. Finally,the author points out that vagueness expressions are produced as a result of adaption to the certain contexts in order to ensure smooth communication.
文摘Vagueness is inevitable in the process of communication.It exists to satisfy the objective needs.What’s more,vagueness is a significant means to upgrade the expressive effects of language.The knowledge of the phenomenon of conversation could benefit the efficient and comfortable conversation.This paper explores the factors causing the vagueness of language in daily conversation in terms of language itself,the speaker and the listener.
