Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the re...Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the regulation of locomotor initiation, maintenance, alternation, speed, and rhythmicity. The role of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in locomotion and autonomic nervous system regulation is thought to be robust, but their precise role in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury have not been fully explored. The present paper reviews the origin, characteristics, and functional roles of Chx10+V2 a interneurons with an emphasis on their involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The diverse functional properties of these cells have only been substantiated by and are due in large part to their integration in a variety of diverse spinal circuits. Chx10+V2 a interneurons play an integral role in conferring locomotion, which integrates various corticospinal, mechanosensory, and interneuron pathways. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that Chx10+V2 a interneurons also play an important role in rhythmic patterning maintenance, leftright alternation of central pattern generation, and locomotor pattern generation in higher order mammals, likely conferring complex locomotion. Consequently, the latest research has focused on postinjury transplantation and noninvasive stimulation of Chx10+V2 a interneurons as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in spinal cord injury. Finally, we review the latest preclinical study advances in laboratory derivation and stimulation/transplantation of these cells as a strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The evidence supports that the Chx10+V2 a interneurons act as a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Future optimization strategies should focus on the viability, maturity, and functional integration of Chx10+V2 a interneurons transplanted in spinal cord injury foci.展开更多
针对含光伏(photovoltaic,PV)、电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)及家庭电器负荷的智能社区,以车入户(vehicle to home,V2H)的形式将EV纳入家庭需求响应框架,利用EV的双向输能特性并考虑EV充/放电带来的电池容量退化成本,协同PV、电网的...针对含光伏(photovoltaic,PV)、电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)及家庭电器负荷的智能社区,以车入户(vehicle to home,V2H)的形式将EV纳入家庭需求响应框架,利用EV的双向输能特性并考虑EV充/放电带来的电池容量退化成本,协同PV、电网的实时电价和用户需求的可容忍时延,基于Lyapunov优化理论提出随机环境下V2H用户的EV充/放电调度策略和每户家庭的负荷响应策略,最小化家庭用户的长期平均购电成本。并提出一种智能社区在线能量交易方案,旨在最小化智能社区总的购电成本、最大限度提高社区能源利用率。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法无需实时电价、PV出力、用户负荷需求的先验概率信息,仅基于当前系统状态就可使优化目标趋于最优值,实现家庭用户的能量调度和家庭用户之间的能量共享,减少家庭购电成本,提高用户之间能量交易的灵活性。展开更多
In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to...In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81870977 (to YW)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China,No. JQ2021H004 (to YW)+1 种基金PhD research foundation of Mudanjiang Medicine College,No. 2021-MYBSKY-039 (to WYL)Fundamental Research Funds for Heilongjiang Provincial Universities,No. 2021-KYYWF-0469 (to WYL)。
文摘Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the regulation of locomotor initiation, maintenance, alternation, speed, and rhythmicity. The role of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in locomotion and autonomic nervous system regulation is thought to be robust, but their precise role in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury have not been fully explored. The present paper reviews the origin, characteristics, and functional roles of Chx10+V2 a interneurons with an emphasis on their involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The diverse functional properties of these cells have only been substantiated by and are due in large part to their integration in a variety of diverse spinal circuits. Chx10+V2 a interneurons play an integral role in conferring locomotion, which integrates various corticospinal, mechanosensory, and interneuron pathways. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that Chx10+V2 a interneurons also play an important role in rhythmic patterning maintenance, leftright alternation of central pattern generation, and locomotor pattern generation in higher order mammals, likely conferring complex locomotion. Consequently, the latest research has focused on postinjury transplantation and noninvasive stimulation of Chx10+V2 a interneurons as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in spinal cord injury. Finally, we review the latest preclinical study advances in laboratory derivation and stimulation/transplantation of these cells as a strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The evidence supports that the Chx10+V2 a interneurons act as a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Future optimization strategies should focus on the viability, maturity, and functional integration of Chx10+V2 a interneurons transplanted in spinal cord injury foci.
文摘针对含光伏(photovoltaic,PV)、电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)及家庭电器负荷的智能社区,以车入户(vehicle to home,V2H)的形式将EV纳入家庭需求响应框架,利用EV的双向输能特性并考虑EV充/放电带来的电池容量退化成本,协同PV、电网的实时电价和用户需求的可容忍时延,基于Lyapunov优化理论提出随机环境下V2H用户的EV充/放电调度策略和每户家庭的负荷响应策略,最小化家庭用户的长期平均购电成本。并提出一种智能社区在线能量交易方案,旨在最小化智能社区总的购电成本、最大限度提高社区能源利用率。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提算法无需实时电价、PV出力、用户负荷需求的先验概率信息,仅基于当前系统状态就可使优化目标趋于最优值,实现家庭用户的能量调度和家庭用户之间的能量共享,减少家庭购电成本,提高用户之间能量交易的灵活性。
基金supported by Institute of Information and Communications Technology Planning and Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.2019-0-01842,Artificial Intelligence Graduate School Program(GIST))supported by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Republic of Korea)(RS-2025-25448249+1 种基金Automotive Industry Technology Development(R&D)Program)supported by the Regional Innovation System&Education(RISE)programthrough the(Gwangju RISE Center),funded by the Ministry of Education(MOE)and the Gwangju Metropolitan City,Republic of Korea(2025-RISE-05-001).
文摘In real-world autonomous driving tests,unexpected events such as pedestrians or wild animals suddenly entering the driving path can occur.Conducting actual test drives under various weather conditions may also lead to dangerous situations.Furthermore,autonomous vehicles may operate abnormally in bad weather due to limitations of their sensors and GPS.Driving simulators,which replicate driving conditions nearly identical to those in the real world,can drastically reduce the time and cost required for market entry validation;consequently,they have become widely used.In this paper,we design a virtual driving test environment capable of collecting and verifying SiLS data under adverse weather conditions using multi-source images.The proposed method generates a virtual testing environment that incorporates various events,including weather,time of day,and moving objects,that cannot be easily verified in real-world autonomous driving tests.By setting up scenario-based virtual environment events,multi-source image analysis and verification using real-world DCUs(Data Concentrator Units)with V2X-Car edge cloud can effectively address risk factors that may arise in real-world situations.We tested and validated the proposed method with scenarios employing V2X communication and multi-source image analysis.
