Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 mi...Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception.We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus(Vac)whose entire chrW,but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping,suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated.To address this,we assemble a chromosome-level genome,and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss,producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.Comparison to other lizard genomes date the stepwise propagation of specific retrotransposon subfamilies enriched near the duplicated gene pairs on the chrW and chr2 to the varanid ancestor.These retrotransposons probably have mediated the recruitment and amplification of autosomal genes on the chrW,including members of a large vomeronasal chemosensory receptor gene family V2R.Our results suggest that the W or Y chromosome as a refugium of repetitive elements,may recurrently recruit short-lived functional genes responsible for sexual dimorphisms during its long-term course of degeneration.展开更多
Two multigene superfamilies,named V1R and V2R,encoding seven-transmembrane-domain G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)have been identified as pheromone receptors in mammals.Three V2R gene families have been described in...Two multigene superfamilies,named V1R and V2R,encoding seven-transmembrane-domain G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)have been identified as pheromone receptors in mammals.Three V2R gene families have been described in mouse and rat.Here we screened the updated mouse genome se-quence database and finally retrieved 63 putative functional V2R genes including three newly identified genes which formed a new additional family.We described the genomic organization of these genes and also characterized the conservation of mouse V2R protein sequences.These genomic and se-quence information we described are useful as part of the evidence to speculate the functional domain of V2Rs and should give aid to the functionality study in the future.展开更多
Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are ch...Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units （RSUs）. From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFA1800500,2024YFA1802500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170415)+1 种基金supported by the Australian Government Research Training Program(RTP)stipend scholarship.supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery Project grant(ARC DP200101406).
文摘Lizards usually exhibit frequent turnovers and a much greater diversity of sex determination mechanisms compared to birds and mammals,with the conserved ZW sex chromosomes of anguimorph lizards originating over 115 million years ago a seeming exception.We previously discovered in an anguimorph lizard Varanus acanthurus(Vac)whose entire chrW,but not chrZ is homologous to part of the chr2 by cytogenetic mapping,suggesting its complex history of sex chromosome evolution yet to be elucidated.To address this,we assemble a chromosome-level genome,and provide evidence that the Vac sex chromosome pair has undergone at least two times of recombination loss,producing a pattern of evolutionary strata like that of birds and mammals.Comparison to other lizard genomes date the stepwise propagation of specific retrotransposon subfamilies enriched near the duplicated gene pairs on the chrW and chr2 to the varanid ancestor.These retrotransposons probably have mediated the recruitment and amplification of autosomal genes on the chrW,including members of a large vomeronasal chemosensory receptor gene family V2R.Our results suggest that the W or Y chromosome as a refugium of repetitive elements,may recurrently recruit short-lived functional genes responsible for sexual dimorphisms during its long-term course of degeneration.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30430110 and 30021004)Yunnan Bureau of Science and Technology
文摘Two multigene superfamilies,named V1R and V2R,encoding seven-transmembrane-domain G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)have been identified as pheromone receptors in mammals.Three V2R gene families have been described in mouse and rat.Here we screened the updated mouse genome se-quence database and finally retrieved 63 putative functional V2R genes including three newly identified genes which formed a new additional family.We described the genomic organization of these genes and also characterized the conservation of mouse V2R protein sequences.These genomic and se-quence information we described are useful as part of the evidence to speculate the functional domain of V2Rs and should give aid to the functionality study in the future.
基金supported by a research grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81403452)Xinglin Young Talent Program in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine~~
文摘Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units （RSUs）. From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.
